AVAT11005, Flight Fundamentals Assignment

QUESTION1.

81. Discuss with examples how Newton's first and third laws applied to an aircraft engine. An aircraft(rocket-powered drone) has a mass of 100 kg. Assume its engine produces a thrust of 800 N. Using anappropriateequation,calculatetheCalculatethesamewhenthemassis81.54kg.(Marks:1.50+0.5+0.5=2.5).
82. What do you know about modern subsonic airliners (the answer should contain approximately 70words)?WriteashortnoteonConcordeasacommercialairliner(theanswershouldcontainapproximately 70 words). Draw a P-V diagram for an Otto cycle and discuss the working principle ofthis(Marks:0.5+0.5+2.0=3.0).

• Compare a turbojet engine with a high by-pass turbofan engine (The comparison should containapproximately 100 words). Write the equations and then calculate the distances fallen after 4 seconds,5seconds,and6secondsfor afreelyfallingobject startingfrom rest.(Marks: 1.25+1.5=2.75).

1. A, B, C and D in Figure 1(iv) are different materials that rest on a table. Rank how much they resistbeing set into motion from greatest to lowest. Determine the support force the table exerts on each ofthem andshowtheirdirections inthe Figure.(Marks:75+1.0=1.75).

QUESTION2.

1. DrawafigurewhichshowsthedifferentforcesforasteadylevelMechanicalenergyisusuallythesummationofkineticandpotentialenergy.Anaircraftwithamassof15000kgisflyingataspeedof 220 km/h at an altitude of 450 meters. Determine its kinetic, potential and mechanical energy in kJandthenconvertthem toMJ.Youshouldshowtheappropriateequations. (Marks: 1.0+1.5=2.5).
2. Describe how Archimedes' principle is applied to balloons and airships. The answer should containapproximately125 words.(Marks:0).

• Regarding an aircraft, discuss the purpose of using ailerons, flaps, slats, and slots. Draw a classicalNACAaerofoilsection andshowthecamberand meancamber(Marks:1.5+0.5=2.0).

3 Usinganequation,showtherelationshipamongpower,resistance,andInanelectricalcircuit,the current is 3A, and the voltage is 24V. Draw the circuit diagram, write the equations, and find theresistancein OhmsandpowerinWatts. (Marks: 0.5+0.5+0.5+1.0=2.5).

4.Explain,withthehelpoftheliftequation(L=¹C? V²S),thereasonforlongerrunwaysfortakeoffsandlandingsathigh-altitudeairports,suchasthose inDenverandMexicoCity?(Marks: 1.0).

QUESTION3.

1. Write an equation showing the aircraft engine's overall efficiency and fuel's heating value. Also, usingafigure,discusstherelationshipbetweenaircraftengines'totalspecificfuelconsumptionandpropulsiveefficiencyinthecaseofM=0.8@11000mandthermal efficiencyof 0.3.DescribetheopencycleofgasturbineoperationanddrawaBraytoncycle'spressureversusvolumeNamesomefuelsand theirkeypropertiesused ingasturbines.(Marks:0.5+1.0+2.0+1.0=4.5).
2. Whatarethefeaturesofa turbopropenginecomparedtopiston engines?(Marks:5).

• Compareamodern-dayaxialflowcompressorwithacentrifugalWhyarethereoftenmanycompressor stages in modern gas turbine engines? What do you know about the combustion chamberina gasturbine? (Marks:1.5+0.5+0.5=2.5).

1. A boy pushes a cart to the left with a 0.2 kN force. A girl pushes the same to the right with a 500 N Draw a figure showing the forces, then calculate the net force and indicate the direction of theforce.(Marks:0.5).
2. EmissionsfromairtransportationcauseairWhatarethekeycomponentsofthoseemissions?Discussat least awaytomitigatethoseharmful emissionsfrom aeroplanes.(Marks:1.0).

QUESTION4.

1. Drawafigureforasoundwaveshowingitswavelength,peak(crest),andAfterstrikingthekeyboard,thefrequencyofvibrationis250Hz.(a)Whatistheperiodofonevibrationofthistone?(b)Asthesoundleavestheinstrumentataspeedof335m/s,whatisitswavelengthintheair?Allrelevantequationsshould be shown.(Marks:1.0+0.75+0.75=2.5).
2. Ahairdryerconsumeselectricpowerof1000W,anditsdailyuseis10Calculateitsmonthly(30 days) electrical energy consumption in Watt-hour (Wh). Convert this consumption into kWh andMWh. What will be the yearly consumption in MWh? (You should show relevant equations for suchcalculations).(Marks:1.0+0.5+1.0=2.5).

• Discuss with a neat diagram the working principle of a hydrogen fuel cell. The discussion should alsocontaintheelements ofthefuelcellandthepurpose ofusingtheminthe cell. (Marks:5).

2. In the series circuit shown in Figure 4(iv), R1= 8W, R2=4W, and R3=1W. Using appropriate equations,calculatetheequivalentresistance andvoltagesin each(Marks: 2.5).