HLTOUT005 Assess and deliver standard clinical care Assessment

Theory Task

Please read each question carefully to ensure your response addresses all required components.

1. For each topic below, use the STAR format to explain how you would respond. Remember that STAR stands for the following:

Situation: describe a work situation that you find yourself in that relates to the topic.

Task: describe what would need to be achieved in the situation.

Action: describe what you would do in the situation

Result: describe the intended/desired outcome of your actions.

A. Identify a scenario in which you would need to demonstrate inclusive and anti discriminatory practices towards your patient. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal and ethical obligations and how you should respond.

B. Identify a scenario in which you would need to follow your duty of care obligations to your patient. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal and ethical obligations and how you should respond.

C. Identify a scenario in which you would need to demonstrate your understanding of mandatory reporting practices as applicable to your role as an Emergency Services Officer. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal obligations and how you should respond.

D. Identify a scenario in which you would need to correctly follow legislation related to information privacy and patients’ health care records. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal obligations and how you should respond.

E. Identify a scenario in which you need to obtain consent from your patient to proceed with treatment, but they do not understand what you are telling them. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal obligations and how you should respond.

F. Identify a scenario in which you have to respond to a patient who has overdosed on drugs. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal and ethical obligations and how you should respond.

G. Identify a scenario in which you have identified that your partner, or another colleague at the scene, is demonstrating unsafe work practices. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your legal obligations and how you should respond.

H. Identify a scenario in which the practitioner–patient boundaries are being overstepped by your patient. Apply the STAR format to demonstrate that you understand your ethical obligations and how you should respond, considering both your responsibilities and limitations.

I. Identify a scenario in which the treatment required for a patient is outside your scope of practice, and what you would do. 

2. Define the clinical roles of the following practitioners in your own words.

• Paramedical Clinician
• Patient Transport Attendant 2

3. Define the following terms in your own words.

• Non-maleficence
• Beneficence
• Veracity

4. List three (3) legal and/or ethical guiding principles that you must keep in mind when handling patient health records and information.

5. List three (3) ethical and/or legal considerations that must be made when treating patients concerning either drugs or poisons.

6. What are four (4) principles of ethics in health care that align with the NSQHS?

7. Explain what each of the following vital signs indicates for an adult patient.

• BP: 145/95
• RR: 10
• Temp: 38.5
• HR: 120bpm 

8. Explain what each of the following vital signs indicates for a paediatric patient.

• BP: 70/50 Age 4
• RR: 28 Age 9
• Temp: 35.8 Age 4
• HR: 60bpm Age 2

9. Read the following and answer the questions that follow.

A. You have a patient who is struggling to communicate verbally and you can see their lips are turning blue. They are complaining of shortness of breath, pain in their jaw and you hear fine crackling in the lower lobes on auscultation. What does this tell you about their current condition and diagnosis?

B. You have a patient who has been in an accident – they have crashed their motorbike into a pole. They have a broken ankle, have dislocated their left hand and are bleeding from their ears. Their pupils are dilated and they are going in and out of consciousness. What does this tell you about their current condition, diagnosis and time criticality?

C. Dispatch informs you of a patient who is disorientated, diaphoretic and complaining of a severe headache. They are nauseous and on investigation reveal they have not eaten since the previous night. What does this tell you about their condition and diagnosis?

D. On night shift you are called to attend to a worker in the lunchroom. They are complaining of feeling unwell after eating. On arrival the patient is observed to be grey in colour, diaphoretic and has vomited. What does this tell you about their condition and diagnosis?

10. For each component of OPQRST, identify at least one (1) question you can ask patients to gather information to help you determine their condition.

11. For each component of SAMPLE, identify at least one (1) question you can ask patients to gather information to help you determine their condition.

12. Describe what each part of TILE means.

13. Explain how reviewing your patient’s care plan can potentially help you work out what is wrong. What types of information can you gather from care plans?

14. List four (4) questions you can ask your patients to determine how they are doing both socially and emotionally.

15. Describe the steps of DRSABCDE.

• Response
• Breathing
• Circulation

16. Describe the steps of the respiratory status assessment CAPERRSSS.

• Effort
• Rate
• Sounds

17. When checking breathing, what does LOOK, LISTEN and FEEL refer to?

18. When checking a patient, list one thing that indicates:

• Good circulation
• Poor perfusion
• Inadequate perfusion

19. If you can’t find a radial pulse, where would you check next?

20. Under what circumstances might you need to rearrange the steps of the primary survey?

21. List at least (3) assessments you need to complete as part of the vital sign survey.

22. What is the normal BGL for adults, children and infants?

23. List how long capillary refill should take for the following:

• Elderly
• Adult males
• Adult females
• Children
• Infants

24. Identify five (5) pieces of equipment you may need to use when providing advanced resuscitation assistance and advanced life support.

25. Explain how the APGAR score is calculated for newborn infants. Indicate what is considered a normal score.

26. Loss of how much vaginal blood is defined as postpartum haemorrhage?

27. Explain the differences between primary and secondary postpartum haemorrhage.

28. Explain what a nuchal cord is and your responsibilities in this situation as per your state or territory’s CPGs.

29. Briefly outline the stages of labour. For each, indicate one complication that could occur that hasn’t been mentioned above.

30. Explain how the body would react to each of the following conditions in your own words.

• Cerebral thrombosis
• Transient ischaemic attack
• Cerebral embolism
• Cerebral haemorrhage
• Dementia 
• Seizure
• Febrile convulsion
• Autonomic dysreflexia

31. Explain how the body reacts to each of the following in your own words:

• Neurotoxins
• Myotoxins
• Haemotoxins
• Cocaine
• MDMA
• Toxic/industrial chemicals (via routes of ingestion, inhalation, burns)

32. Outline the pathophysiology of the following in your own words:

• Asthma
• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial infarction
• Unstable angina
• Variant angina (atypical angina)
• Stable angina
• Trauma
• Heat stress
• Hypothermia
• Neurovascular conditions
• Diabetes mellitus
• Appendicitis
• Endometriosis
• Gallstones
• Musculoskeletal injury (sprains and strains) 

33. Describe each of the following types of burns in your own words.

• First-degree burn
• Second-degree burn
• Third-degree burn
• Fourth-degree burn

34. Explain how the body would react to the following types of burns in your own words.

• Thermal
• Chemical
• Electrical
• Radiation

35. Describe the ‘rule of 9’ in your own words

36. In your line of work you will often encounter people experiencing mental illness and acute behavioural disturbance. Provide a response (no more than one page) in your own words about mental illness, which includes the following points:

• Definition
• Stigma – what is it and what are its impacts
• Causes
• Classifications/types of mental illness.

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