Treatment And Care Plan For Major Depressive Disorder Assignment

Background

During “Evidence-based practicing “medical professionals choose therapies based on three key factors including knowledge, patient’s choices and beliefs, and scientific proof. “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy”, ACT, and DBT are the various practices for treating major depressive disorder (World Health Organization, 2022). Marie, 65 years old female patient was facing a lack of concentration, nervousness, and disturbed sleeping which entirely affected her lifestyle. She lived with her 28 years old daughter who reported that she faced food aversion and face excessive mood swings. Marie was several times observed performing dangerous and harmful activities and the severity was increasing gradually which reflects on her family life. Marie visited the doctors' clinic and was diagnosed with "Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)" which has been declared as third-ranking globally (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022).

The medical professionals have designed a precise treatment plan for curing her symptoms and returning to her normal life. Her major depressive disorder has been treated by taking several steps considering her medical history, social history, family history of the disease, physical any persistent illness, and reporting from her daughter. However, there is no specific testing available for detecting MDD, and consistent clinical observation of her symptoms to understand the severity of her disease (Sawchuk, 2022). During her treatment using "Conceptual Behaviroal Theory" and "ACT," her progress has been monitored periodically to understand the effectiveness of the medications and any changes required for her treatment.

Client Information

Client Specific Details

Marie lives in Mohegan in the “United States” with her 28 years old daughter. She lives at home alone entire the day as her daughter goes to the office regularly.

Clients problems including personal and Clinical background

Marie has been observed with several psychological symptoms such as different mental issues like isolation, affective and anxiety disorders, Dementia, psychosis. However, it can be indicated as Cognitive distortion in terms of physiological aspects. Along with this, different behavioral changes have been visible in the patients which negatively affect their relations with others and make them more anxious to develop any decision towards the condition of any operation to mitigate their daily life needs. Apart from that food aversion, sleeplessness, engaging in harmful acts, and excessive mood swings which affected her family life She was unable to pay attention to her work and always felt lethargic. The symptoms were previously less and gradually it developed and became severe. She reported that after the death of her husband, she got traumatized five years ago and stopped her social activities and collaboration with friends. Medical professionals detected “Major Depressive Disorder(MDD)” after long-time observation of her present symptoms and previous history and planned an adequate treatment to reduce the symptoms which helped her to get back to her normal life. On the other hand, after enabling the retirement from the job most of the people like Marie have felt neglected and felt isolated which also indicates the attention Deficit disorder (ADD) in terms of psychology. Marie has a previous history of physiological disorder at an early age and has hypertension disorder which has been controlled by medications.

Baseline psychometric results

Figure: Baseline psychometric results

(Source: Self-Designed)

By analyzing the psychometric test results it is clearly understood that the patient Marie has required to enable curative actions towards the cognitive distortion for developing her CBT effectiveness and accordingly improve her behavioral , communication, understanding , and decision making approaches for further .

Figure 02: Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) Management

(Souce: Chee et al. 2022)

Formulation/diagnostic impressions

Marie was facing sleep disruption, lack of energy, food aversion, suicidal interest, and lack of attention at work. As she was priorly traumatized five years before due to the death of her husband and have hypertension, however at that time she has been recovered without any specific medications. The severity was increasing persistently and she was detected with “Major Depressive Disorder(MDD)”. The increased symptoms have been observed in the last three weeks and she faced “moderate” depression. Her mental disorder impacted her personal life, and daily activities and prevent her from engaging in social programs and destroying her relationship with her daughter. Her prior trauma and present issues both have been prioritised for the current treatment of the patient using “Cognitive behavioral theory” and “ACT”.

Approach to Treatment

Treatment Planning

The planning of executing the treatment for mitigating the issues within the patients in an systematic manner by including different effective psychological constructional approaches such as Cognition analysis, Active scheduling of the treatment process, Monitoring the improvements for further, analyzing the mood swings, investigation of key factors for mood swings, handling the difficulties to develop the treatments within the patients, and enable effective ensures for preventing the recurrence of the disorders.

Cognitive Behavioral Theory(CBT) and ACT(Acceptance and commitment therapy) are the effective approaches utilized for treating Marie and observed significant improvement in the patient.

Cognitive Behavioral Theory(CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based practice for minimizing the symptoms of MDD by modifying their thoughts and nature. Medical professionals apply the treatment to Marie and experiences significant improvements in her. CBT is suitable for Marie as she suffered from moderate depressive disorder (Mayo Clinic. , 2019). The steps are given below:

Identify the mental issues

Obtain details regarding the individual’s main issues, background, and existing signs. Investigating the patient’s beliefs, feelings, actions, and the root cause of the mental disorder.

Providing patients the knowledge about their thoughts and behaviors

After recognising the problems, the medical professionals stimulate the patient to share their thoughts and teach the patients about the connection between beliefs, emotions, and nature (Mayo Clinic. , 2019).

Setting targets

Setting a specific target for the treatment including the duration of recovery.

Recognising negative thoughts

Figure out the pattern of thoughts and emotions which is the cause of the problem. Marie was asked to concentrate on her behavior and emotions according to various circumstances.

Restructure the thoughts

Support the patient by recognising detrimental attitudes and thoughts and substituting those with reasonable thoughts (Mayo Clinic. , 2019).

Activity Scheduling

Assist Marie to participate in delightful and satisfying events to prevent negativity and promote pleasant outcomes.

Monitoring the progress

Give Marie precise remedial exercises within the specific time duration and continue monitoring her progress (Mayo Clinic. , 2019).

Planning for obviating reoccurrence

At the final stage of the treatment, formulate a reoccurrence prevention plan for obviating the reoccurrence of the disease.

Materials

These are the key aspects , which help to enable effective conduction of the analysis of the patients current situation and accordingly develop the understanding of the medical advisor towards the taking of different action for further developmental initiatives towards the patients physiological betterment.

Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)

ACT is an effective psychotherapy that focuses on accepting strategies to overcome unfavorable thoughts and emotions (Harris, 2019). The approach has been applied to Marie who has been suffering from “Major Depressive Disorder(MDD)” for the last three weeks. The steps are given below:

Acceptance:

This active procedure entails permitting the innermost ideas and emotions to emerge naturally while attempting to suppress these.

Thought defusion:

This action isolates Marie from her psychological thoughts.

“Self as context”:

It includes understanding their thoughts of Marie about herself and differentiating her thinking.

Attentiveness:

ACT enables Marie to be attentive toward her activities and conscious of the environment (Sloshower et al. 2020).

Values:

These part are crucial for the patient and it is considered properly during the exercises.

Commitments:

This procedure entails alerting the changing behavior of Marie according to the concepts of psychotherapy (Harris, 2019).

Materials

Other treatment-specific details

There are different specific requirements existing for Cognitive Behavioral therapy for developing the positive approach of the patients systematically. However, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and mindfulness therapy are the three distinct areas that are required to improve for maintaining the specific treatments of CBT.

Figure 03: CBT-specific treatments

(Source: Self-Designed)

Cognitive therapy

This specific therapy mainly focuses on the patient's thoughts and negative emotional feelings which is required to reduce by enabling different effective communication and strategic action toward daily life activities (Weiner et al. 2020). Furthermore, attributing cognitive restructuring helps the individual to understand the importance of developing a positive mindset and accordingly develop further.

Behavioral therapy

The specific therapy mainly acknowledges the behavioral approaches of the individual through which they can effectively develop their communication skills and accordingly inculcate different aspects to understand the effectiveness to develop further (Waller et al. 2020). Moreover, it helps to encourage the flexible mindset to conduct different joyful activities which helps to develop the engagement of the patients for improving their mental health further.

Mindfulness therapy

It is the specific treatment for developing the enthusiasm of the individual for reducing their stress and anxiety within the mental health and help to transform their attitudes for mining their general emotional complications further.

Analysis of inter professional aspects

There are various aspects available that are required to develop within the patient parties as well as for the medical advisor for developing a strong bonding to conduct the therapy more prominently (van der Zweerde, Bisdounis, Kyle, Lancee & van Straten, 2019). Maintaining cooperation, developing responsibility, accountability, trustworthiness, conduction of strategic communication, assertiveness within the relations, and mutual understanding are the key interpersonal aspects that are required to improve within the patients for developing the effectiveness of the therapy further.

Discussion

The development of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has enabled different innovative changes within Maria to develop her relations with the other family members and help to improve their mental illness to encourage her motivation towards the development of her daily lifestyle.

Figure 04: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy market growth

(Source: UnivDatos Market Insight, 2021)

Different global reports showcased that cognitive behavioral therapy has a value of up to 23 billion US dollars in 2023 and is assumed to uplift up to 5 percent in 2021 (UnivDatos Market Insight, 2021). However, it indicates that it is one of the key therapeutic measures through which individuals can improve their mental disorders such as isolation, anxiety, and other related disorders and leads a healthy and happy life for further.

Clients' responses toward the treatment

Enablement of different therapeutic measures such as CBT, ACT, and DBT helps to enable different effective strategic actions through which different patient individuals can develop their ways of executing different actions in their daily lives and accordingly help to0 develop their behavioral approaches toward others to strengthen the relations and improve their mental health for further. Furthermore, Marie has been able to develop her mental health by improving her sleeping habits, reducing anxiety, and encouraging her flexible mindset toward the enablement of strategic communication systems effectively. Even more, it helps immensely in developing their mental health of Marie by reducing her stress, increasing her self-dependence, and also improving her adapting nature to understand different things more accurately and be able to make effective decisions further (Karyotaki et al. 2021).

Apart from that, patients can improve their behavioral approaches with others and accordingly enable a strong relationship by which they can effectively improve their interaction skills and enlarge their knowledge range towards the different aspects for making effective analysis for further.

Analysis of the treatments

Enabling the analysis of the different therapies such as CBT, ACT, and DBT helps to improve the mental ability to understand different aspects more accurately and accordingly reduce the growth of different disruptive behavioral approaches within the human mindset to affect emotions, thoughts, and behaviors further.

Challenges for the medical advisors

There are different challenges there, which can create different implications for the medical advisor to conduct the therapy with the patient. However, understanding the patient's thoughts is one of the biggest challenges for the advisors by which they can enable different effective therapeutic measures to proceed further. Furthermore, the development of the patient behavioral approaches is another key issue that may create different complications for the advisor to treat and accordingly improve their approaches further (Magill et al. 2019).

Along with this, maintaining the regularity for the therapy session is another key issue for the medical advisors which is required to develop within the patient parties and accordingly help them to understand the effectiveness and the importance of the therapy for maintaining the regularity for further continuation of the theory. Furthermore, the development of the adaptive nature of the patients is another crucial factor that may create different implications for the medical advisor to develop for enabling effective decision-making ability of the individual to understand and analyze different aspects and accurately make different actions for further.

Illustration of the outcome measures

Developing the behavioral approach is one of the key factors which can be developed by different inculcation of therapies for developing the behavioral approaches of the individual and accordingly improve the relation of the patient with others to maintain the encouragement towards the healthy lifestyle for further. Furthermore, reducing anxiety, depression, and isolation, are the other aspects which can be developed within the patients for developing their effective mindset by which they can develop their self-dependency approaches and create different strategic action plans to encourage themselves continuously to cope with different situations for further (Manber et al. 2019).

Apart from that, Enabling effective decision-making ability is another factor that can be established within the patients for developing their adaptive nature and analytical ability through which they can effectively enlarge their empathic perspectives to understand different aspects more accurately and create different strategic action plans to inculcate for further to deal with the different unforeseen situation for further.

The implication to introduce different materials

Creating uncomfortable situation

It is one of the key implications for initiating the introductory material within the therapy for developing the comforts of the patients within the different situational aspects that may cause different challenges for the medical advisor as well. Furthermore, patient parties should be required to understand the intensity of their condition and accordingly develop their acceptance towards the inculcation of therapy for reducing their uneasy behavior towards the introductory materials for further.

Understanding the effectiveness of the therapy

It is one of the important aspects for the patient to understand the effectiveness of the therapy for developing their positive attitudes towards the surroundings and accordingly break down the isolation for developing their mental health further. Moreover, it can help to develop their emotional feelings, and self-dependent strategies by which the patients can effectively deal with different unforeseen situations and develop their confidence further.

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