CCA206 Care Of Children And Adolescents Assignment

Introduction

The key objective of the overall paper is to evaluate critically a case scenario of Irene Smith. The role of RNs is being showcased in the paper to examine their process of dealing with adolescent clients while providing effective planning and nursing assessment as well as ensuring collaboration when operating with the multi-disciplinary group. Here, the 16-year-old patient Irene has been found to be recently experiencing a fall while she was riding in the street and fell in front of a parked car (Beesdo et al., 2009). As a result of that accident and not wearing a helmet, the client got exposed to a severe head injury. Some vital signs noted sometime just after acquiring the injury she obtained were a headache, several abrasions specifically on her knee and elbow full stop in addition swelling was also observed on the client's left forehead. She is also having a history of mental health issues.

Pathophysiology and Aetiology

The client, Irene in this case has been found to be dealing with a head injury after experiencing a fall. Its pathophysiology states that brain damage locally is caused by primary injury and on the other hand secondary damage takes place followed by certain inflammatory activity and blood-brain barrier disruption. In addition, this is also carried out by infiltration of peripheral blood cells, edema in the brain as well as various immune mediators discharge comprising chemo tactic interleukins and factors (Huffman et al., 2010). Besides this, the case scenario also reveals that Irene is dealing with mental health challenges like depression and anxiety which have created an impact on her fall accident. Within the central nervous region of the patient's body, some primary anxiety illnesses symptoms and mediators can be obtained as butyric acid which is gamma amino in characteristics, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (Feng et al., 2008). The autonomic particularly the sympathetic area of the nervous system takes a part in mediating a wide range of these symptoms. Post-traumatic stress has occurred in the case of Irene to already suffering from mental health issues. The interaction procedure in relation to various bio-psychosocial sectors has mainly led to causing anxiety illness in the patient. In this circumstance, any kind of stressful scenario gets communicated through genetic susceptibility and provides an allowance for the development of some potential and clinically known syndromes. The patient also gives indications of post-traumatic headaches taking place mainly when there when muscles of the brain get tensed during any accident or injury taking place (Hopkinsmedicine, 2023). Thereafter, blood vessels can be reflected as narrow along with obstructing blood to have made a smooth flow to the region of the head.

Signs and symptoms and relation with the diagnosis

Severe traumatic brain injury that has occurred in Irene includes vital symptoms and signs such as swelling observed on the individual's right elbow, headaches, bruises signs similarly on the person's right forehead, mobility problems, vomiting stiffness feelings as well as less laceration reflecting the difference in small scars on the specific right knee on thigh areas. This condition gives rise to situations where there has been a significant decrease in the auto-regulation process of the cerebral system. In this circumstance, excess volume of blood gets stored in the client’s head thereby causing health challenges like nausea along with cognitive impairment (Insightandoutlook, 2023). The swelling has taken place due to a condition known as contusion where bleeding takes place inside the region of the brain and thereafter causes the condition called epidural hematoma.

Cultural, emotional and psychosocial needs of clients

Due to the client's current medical condition of head injury, a few essential functions such as mobility and speech have been lost by her. This can potentially hamper the patient's psychosocial needs in life such as loss of self-identity and role. The individual can also be exposed to minimizing her capability for understanding and dealing with vital social interactions and making alterations to her strong relationships and bonds (Mayoclinic, 2021). Following Irene’s present situation, there are various emotional and social characteristics linked with the factor and this includes the prevalence of issues to accurate management of emotions. The patient can also have sudden alterations in her mood and can provide a major emotional response which can be either positive or negative to a particular circumstance. This can be by raising her voice, laughing, or crying. At times, adverse thoughts also come into mind which can include hurting own self, losing interest in some pleasure or joyful activities, and suffering from depression along with frustration and fatigue (OurTime, 2023). Within the nursing care plan, the RN should incorporate these emotional, psychosocial, and cultural factors of the client. Culture would play a significant impact on her mental health condition and basically constitutes factors like keeping up positive behavior, knowing copying style mechanisms, and knowledge about her own health and well-being during the time of seeking care and treatment. Different psychosocial therapies can be used by the RN in order to enable paying effective attention to her conditions like confusion, nausea, and distorted thinking levels (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). Application of behavioral procedures will be beneficial for her in order to get physical and mental comfort along with behavior activation exposure to issues and relaxation.

Development and growth milestone influencing nursing assessment

The development and growth milestone creates a potential impact on an adolescent patient who is recently suffering from a traumatic head injury. Due to her internal brain getting injured as a result of the accident she can face mental health challenges like complexity in the thinking process as well as emotional distress. Her functioning level has also been lost to a certain level which is the leading cause of the brain getting severely hampered after a fall (Patterson, 2013). The RN would have the duty to make the patient think rationally and resolve concerns related to cognitive distortion so that she can function well and make her know the capabilities and competencies to fight against mental health disorders like anxiety and depression.

Child protection guidelines for RNs and various collaborative procedures required to make clinical decisions

In relation to the services of child protection, a graduated registered nurse or the RN would obtain the primary responsibility to ensure effective treatment is provided to children by following all legal and suitable care measures (Parry et al., 2023). Comprehensive treatment procedures shall be delivered by the RN after giving serious commitment to the clinical care profession (Mardani et al., 2020). The care process shall mainly comprise an assessment of children's psychosocial, cultural emotional social, physical, and spiritual necessities. Appropriate referral should also be offered to adolescent clients as well as their families so that they can overcome all boundaries and gaps in the pathway of receiving community support and care (James, 2022). RNs should act as advocates and offer essential public health information to Irene and her family members to enable them to receive competent public health services along with get awareness about promotional activities of child protection (AIFS, 2020). Ensuring effective collaboration with the members of the multidisciplinary group, the RN can abide by Australian child protection standards for ensuring early intervention as well as prevention.

Informed consent following Gillick competence and other Australian legislations

As per the Gillick competence standard, clients who have attained the age of sixteen years are allowed to give their individual consent based on the necessary treatment offered. But to fulfill this condition, it has to be assured that the individual acquires appropriate competence, understanding, and some intelligent factors for being involved with the significant care process (NHS, 2023). When the situation is not the same, consent should be taken from parents due to the incompetence of their children. Also, according to 2014’s Mental Health Act, informed consent shall be offered to the client if she provides the capability to give her individual consent and has the ability to make clinical decisions independently (Health Vic, 2015).

Discussion of RN’s role to safely administer medications to clients

RNs have the main duty and responsibility to ensure high-quality care and safety of patients and this can be carried out through the procedure of safe medication offerings and management (Safetyandquality, 2017). This is a high priority in transitional care and treatment of adolescent clients and Aryans are required to make active engagement and participation in programs that would deal with medication-related concerns as well as offer medication therapy to patients dealing with several adverse mental health challenges (NSPCC, 2022). The deep engagement of registered nurses in providing proper medications to clients as well as making sure integrative care and treatment process is carried out would enable accurate access to patients like Irene to get potential clinical and mental health services and at the same time lowering greater admission risks for complications like falls (Maguire et al., 2022).

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