CHCCSL001 Establish and Confirm the Counselling Relationship Assessment

Section 1
AN INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING

What is Counselling and How Does It Help?

1.1 Briefly outline the purpose of counselling. (Your response should be no more than 50 words)????

Counsellor vs. Other Helping Professions

1.2 In addition to counsellors, there are a range of helping professionals who may be providing support to clients at different points of their journey. Complete the table below by correctly matching the key characteristics of each helping professional to corresponding professionals.

• Helping Professional
  • Psychiatrist
  • Coach
  • Social worker
  • Psychologist
  • Counsellor

Definition

Helping Professional

• This profession studies human behaviour and the processes involved in how people think and feel. They do not prescribe medications, however, may conduct research and provide treatment in order to reduce distress and behavioural and psychological problems.
• This profession consists of medical doctors who have chosen to specialise in the study, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders.
• This profession assists people to identify and define their emotional issues and better understand themselves by explaining options, setting goals, providing therapy, and helping them to take action.
• This profession helps people to deal with personal and social problems, either directly or through advocating on behalf of individuals or groups against social injustice.
• This profession facilitates personal and professional learning and development through a goal-directed process. They facilitate changes in clients towards more explicitly defined goals without focussing on emotional and psychological issues in-depth.

1.3 In the Study Guide, you learned about how counselling has evolved into its various forms today.

• Both counselling and psychotherapy can be traced back to the emergence of psychiatry which was the medical specialisation for treatment of mental illnesses. However, there are two particular important factors that highlight the distinction between counselling and psychotherapy. What are these two (2) factors? (Your response should be approximately 10 words)
• How did changes in theories of human development and behaviours impact on the evolution of counselling as a helping profession? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

The Counselling Relationship

1.4 Describe two (2) important assumptions or beliefs that a person-centred counsellor holds. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)

1.5 Outline five (5) person-centred principles that counsellors should employ in order to facilitate a positive helping relationship. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)

1.6 How does working in accordance to person-centred principles help counsellors to reduce impact of their personal values on the counselling relationship? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)

Counselling Skills and Techniques

1.7 Briefly describe three (3) ways that counsellors can use body language to indicate to clients that they are listening and open to what they are saying. (Your response should be approximately 75 words)

1.8 Paraphrasing is a commonly used responding skill in counselling.

• What is paraphrasing? (Your response should be approximately 20 words)
• “In order to paraphrase accurately, a counsellor should repeat every word that a client has said.”
  Examine the statement above and determine if it is accurate about paraphrasing. Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)?????

1.9 Reflection of feelings is one way of showing clients that you have been attending to what they are saying.

• Explain what reflection of feelings entails and how it is different from paraphrasing. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• Discuss how using reflection of feelings might facilitate rapport building with clients. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)???

1.10 Summarising is often confused with paraphrasing. Explain two (2) differences between paraphrasing and summarising. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

1.11 Below is a client statement followed by several possible counsellor responses. For each counsellor response, identify which responding skill the counsellor is demonstrating.
Client: “So I’ve decided to go back to work soon. But that means putting the baby in daycare. I haven’t spent any time away from her yet, so leaving her with strangers seems kind of scary.”

1.12 Counsellors would use both open and closed questions during counselling. In the following table, describe their main feature, and the purpose of using this type of questions in counselling. (Your total response should be approximately 40 words)

Feature Purpose

(a) Open???
(b) Closed????

1.13 Why must counsellors use questions sparingly during counselling? (Your response should be approximately 20 words)

1.14 Explain what reframing is and the purpose of using such technique in counselling. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)

1.15 Counselling skills such as reframing needs to be used with caution. Outline two (2) considerations that counsellors must take into account in order to use reframing effectively and appropriately with clients. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

1.16 Imagine that you are the counsellor working with the client in question 1.11. Your client, Joey, is a new parent who wishes to return to work, however, struggles with the idea of leaving her 12-month-old daughter with day care.

• Joey: “So I’ve decided to go back to work soon. But that means putting the baby in daycare. I haven’t spent any time away from her yet, so leaving her with strangers seems kind of scary.”
• Write an appropriate reframing response to Joey’s statement above to help her consider a different but helpful interpretation of the situation. Hint: Remember that reframing is often used alongside other microskills, see examples on page 31 of the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)???

Section 2

COUNSELLOR RESPONSIBILITIES

Counsellor Responsibilities

2.1 An example of code of practice that many Australian counsellors refer to is the ACA Code of Ethics and Practice.

• What is a code of practice and when might a counsellor refer to this document? (Your response should be approximately 40 words)
• What is a possible consequence for a counsellor who fail to adhere to code of practice? (Your response should be approximately 20 words)

Respect Client Rights

2.2 Respect for human rights is an overarching principle in counselling.

• Briefly explain the relationship between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and counselling practice. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)?????
• Describe a counselling process that upholds human rights – what does the client have a right to expect from such process? (Your response should be approximately 80 words)

2.3 Providing non-discriminative counselling service is both a legal and ethical requirement.

• Outline a counsellor’s responsibilities in relation to providing an anti-discriminatory service, as outlined in the ACA Code of Ethics and Practice. Hint: See extract on page 35 of the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)?????
• How might a counsellor’s personal values and beliefs impede their ability to provide non-discriminatory service? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)???
• In Australia, there are discrimination laws operating both on a federal and a state and territory level. What implication does this have on counsellors in relation to understanding anti-discriminatory requirements and making sure that they are providing a compliant service? (Your response should be approximately 10 words)

2.4 Heather is a counsellor working with a client who has sought counselling to help decide whether to end her marriage. As the client talks about what has been happening, it becomes apparent that she is engaging in an extra-marital affair. Heather tells her client that cheating on her husband is wrong and she should stop.

• Do you think Heather’s actions are compliant with anti-discriminatory requirements that counsellors are abide by? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• If you were Heather, what would you have done differently? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

2.5 Another ethical principle that serves to uphold client’s human rights is promoting client’s autonomy in the counselling process. Based on this principle, describe the role and responsibilities of counsellor and client when it comes to making decisions in the counselling process. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)

2.6 Most counselling and community services organisations will require workers to engage clients in a formal contracting process at the beginning of service process.
Explain the importance of contracting in relation to protecting client’s rights. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

Briefly discuss two (2) benefits of having a signed counselling contract to the counsellor and the counselling service provider. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)

Client Safety and Wellbeing

2.7 Counsellors have a duty of care to protect a client’s wellbeing. Briefly explain what duty of care entails in this context. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)

2.8 Privacy, confidentiality and disclosure requirements are in place to protect the rights and safety of clients (and others).

• What right does a client have in relation to the information they provide to a counsellor? (Your response is approximately 30 words.?
• Provide three (3) examples of a counsellor’s responsibilities in protecting client’s privacy. (Your response should be approximately 0 words)
• Describe three (3) circumstances in counselling which might constitute a need for counsellors to override confidentiality. (Your response should be no more than 50 words)

2.9 Many counsellors in Australia have a mandatory reporting responsibility.

• What is mandatory reporting? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
• “Only counsellors who work directly with children need to comply with mandatory reporting requirements.”
• Is the above statement accurate? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)

2.10 Counsellors must set up and maintain clear boundaries in the counselling relationships with clients.

• According to the ACA Code of Ethics and Practice, “counselling is a formal and contracted relationship and nothing else” (pp. 12-13). Explain what this statement suggests about the boundaries between a client and their counsellor. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• How does setting up clear boundaries promote the wellbeing of counsellors and clients? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

Counsellor Competence

2.11 Counsellors have an ethical responsibility to develop and maintain their level of competence.

• Outline three (3) strategies a counsellor may implement in order to meet such responsibility. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• Counselling can be an emotionally demanding job. Briefly explain how accessing regular supervision is likely to help a counsellor in looking after their own health and safety while providing counselling service. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

2.12 Counsellors must provide service within the boundaries of their work role.

• Outline three (3) factors that counsellors may take into consideration in determining the responsibilities and limitations of their role. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)
• What can a counsellor do in an initial counselling session to make sure clients have appropriate expectations on their work role? (Your response should be approximately 40 words)

2.13 For the following issues, outline the role of a generalist counsellor and when a referral may be required/appropriate, including to whom a client should be referred to. The first row has been filled to provide an example of the depth of response you are expected to provide. (Your total response should be approximately 200 words)

• Presenting issues
• Role of generalist counsellor
• When to refer and to whom will you refer?
• Suicide
• Assess suicide risk and connect client with emergency or crisis support.

If a client is facing imminent suicide risk, they must be referred to emergency or crisis support services.

(a) Alcohol and other drugs issues
(b) Domestic and family violence
(c) Financial difficulty?????
(d) Homelessness
(e) Mental illness
(f) Problem gambling

Organisational Requirements

2.14 Organisational policies and procedures are in place to help employers and counsellors to meet a range of legal and ethical requirements.

1. Identify two (2) rights that the counselling organisation (i.e., the employer) has in relation to staff’s compliance with organisational requirements. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)??
2. Identify two (2) responsibilities that the counselling organisation (i.e., the employer) has in relation to facilitating staff’s compliance with organisational requirements. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)

2.15 Counselling services usually have strict records management policy and procedures in place.

Which legal and/or ethical requirements is records management policy and procedures most relevant to?

• Work health and safety legislation.
• Anti-discrimination legislation.
• Duty of care.
• Privacy and confidentiality.

Your answer: ?????

Identify three (3) types of information a counsellor might find in records management policy and procedures. (Your response should be approximately 20 words)

2.16 Work health and safety (WHS) involves making sure that the counselling process is conducted in a safe manner, where possible risks are minimised or eliminated. Briefly discuss the WHS considerations relevant to the following aspects of a counselling process.

• The venue where counselling takes place. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• The safety of a client during counselling. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
• The safety and wellbeing of a counsellor. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)?????

Section 3

INITIATING THE COUNSELLING PROCESS

An Overview of Counselling Process

3.1 In the Study Guide, you were introduced to a generic structure of the counselling process.

Which of the following statement is NOT correct about the four phases included in the generic counselling process?

• Middle phase is the longest among all four phases, and may involve multiple sessions.
• The goal of the ending phase to bring counselling relationship to an end and to help clients consolidate changes into their daily lives.
• Preparatory phase usually involves searching for patterns and themes in clients’ behaviours and experiences.
• An important task o the beginning phase is to gather information about the client’s conditions and provide information about the counselling process.
  Your answer: ?????

However, you also learned that not all counselling process fits this generic structure strictly. Provide three (3) reasons of why this may be the case. (Your response should be approximately 80 words)

The First Session

3.2 The initial counselling session is usually the first face to face session you have with a client. Identify three (3) main objectives/aims you should seek to achieve in an initial counselling session. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)

3.3 For counsellors, the counselling process begins before the client arrives for their first session. A particular task that may take place during this preparation stage is to review any existing client documents, such as a referral form.

• Identify three (3) types of information that a counsellor may retrieve from a client’s referral form/letter before the commencement of initial session. (Your response should be approximately 20 words)
• Should counsellors fully rely on existing client documentation that they have acquired prior to meeting a client? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)?

Initiating the Session

3.4 An important goal of the initial session is to build rapport with the client. Describe two (2) communication skills/ techniques a counsellor can use to facilitate rapport building at the commencement of the first counselling session. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

3.5 Jimmy has been referred to counselling for support regarding a recent marriage breakdown. You are conducting an initial interview with him. He appears jittery and gives short, tense responses to your questions. Jimmy is wringing his hands together and tapping his foot on the floor. He does not make eye contact with you.

• What are some indicators you observed that suggest Jimmy may be anxious about attending counselling? (Your response should be approximately 40 words)
• Explain what you would do to help Jimmy feel more at ease and encourage him to explore any concerns he may have about counselling. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

Contracting

3.6 Contracting is usually carried out in the initial counselling session.

• Outline the information that should be included in a counselling contract. Hint: see pages 57-58 of the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
• Why is it important for counsellors to take time going through the details of counselling contract before getting clients to sign it? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

3.7 Imagine that you are still working with Jimmy in question 3.5. He tells you that he has recently separated from his wife and things have been very stressful. Whilst you want to learn more about Jimmy’s concerns, you also want to make sure he has sufficient understanding of the process and provided informed consent before proceeding.

Write down what you would say to introduce the contracting process while acknowledging his immediate concerns. (Your response should be approximately 80 words)

Part of the contracting process involves explaining the following information to Jimmy:

This is a confidential process. However, there are a few circumstances in which I may be required to break confidentiality:

• If I consider you to be at risk of seriously harming yourself or someone else
• If your counselling records have been requested by a court of law
• If another party or agency has requested your information, and you have agreed and provided your written consent to this.

Write down what you would you say to Jimmy in order to explain information above so that Jimmy understands the confidential nature of counselling and when confidentiality may be overridden. Note: You should aim to explain the information in a clear and conversational manner, such as explaining what ‘confidentiality’ means and providing appropriate examples to facilitate client understanding. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)

Imagine that Jimmy becomes slightly nervous and say he doesn’t want the things he says about his ex-wife to get back to her. Write down what you would say to Jimmy in order to address his concerns and provide clarification on the disclosure requirements. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)

Exploring Client Concerns

3.8 An important objective of the initial session is to facilitate exploration and understanding of clients’ concerns. Identify two (2) skills or techniques, and explain how you might use them to achieve this objective. Hint: You have learned about a range of skills and techniques on pages 20-31 of the Study Guide. (Your total response should be approximately 70 words)

Skill/technique

How might you use this technique to facilitate exploration and understanding of clients’ concerns?

3.9 As counsellors gain understanding of their clients’ circumstances, they must also be vigilant about identifying indicators of client issues that may require referral or reporting.

Discuss two (2) ethical principles that underpin a counsellor’s responsibility to assess for potential needs to refer clients to other services or report particular issues. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)

Imagine that you are working for a local counselling centre and your organisation requires workers to document detailed case notes of client issues, counselling plans, and referral actions. You have just been assigned your first client, Michael. He is a 25-year-old man who is homeless and in severe financial hardship. Your organisation does not offer services to address homelessness or crisis support. What would be an appropriate action for you to take? Hint: You should take into account your legal, ethical, and organisational responsibilities as discussed in Section 2 of the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

Imagine that you are working as a counsellor. All counsellors working in your organisation are considered mandatory reporters and are required to document any safety or risk issues of clients. One of your clients, Jacinta, has sought counselling to discuss about relationship difficulties with her partner, Malik. During the session, Jacinta describes an abusive relationship with her husband which includes both physical and verbal abuse, some of which involves their 3-year-old son. What would be an appropriate action for you to take? Hint: You should take into account your legal, ethical, and organisational responsibilities as discussed in Section 2 of the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)

Facilitating Case Planning

3.10 Clients may present at counselling with a range of presenting issues and priorities. Explain why it is important for counsellors to work in ‘collaboration’ with clients when identifying priorities and goals for counselling. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)

Developing a Counselling Plan

3.11 A counselling plan is usually generated at the end of a first counselling session.

• What is a counselling plan? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
• Discuss three (3) purposes of a counselling plan. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)

3.12 Imagine that you are working for a local counselling centre. Your manager has asked you to create a tip sheet for new counsellors about what information they should record in a counselling plan. Complete the following table by describing the type of information a counsellor may include under each of these headings in a counselling plan. The first row has been filled to provide an example of response. (Each of your responses should be approximately 30 words)

• Headings in a counselling plan
• Description of information to include
• Client information
• Any identification of the individual client, such as the client’s name, date of birth, and contact details.

Integrating Your Knowledge

The following questions require you to draw upon all of the knowledge and skills you have learned throughout Section 1, 2, and 3 of your Study Guide.

3.13 Imagine that you are a counsellor and you will be meeting with a new client, Ricky. Below is the background information about Ricky:
Ricky is a 23-year-old young man whose father died of a heart attack when he was 18 years old just as he was finishing his high school exams. Ricky’s mother had always been very dependent on her husband, and found adapting to life after his death challenging. As a result, Ricky became the ‘man of the house’, taking care of all of the bills and some of the parenting decisions related to his two younger siblings. He had been accepted on a veterinary science course prior to his father’s death but deferred this and instead works as a manager in a fast food restaurant to help support the family. Ricky’s old school friends are building careers, developing relationships and going out on weekends while he has many family and financial commitments which get in the way of this. He would like to move in with a friend but when he suggested this, his mother became distressed and told him she wouldn’t be able to cope without him. Ricky hopes that counselling will help him decide what to do.

1. Ricky has referred himself (i.e., there is no referral information). No special needs or safety issues have been identified.
   Ricky appears to be nervous and unease. You think that he might be anxious about attending counselling. What could you say to Ricky in order to identify and explore his anxieties about the counselling process? (Your response should be approximately 20 words)
   ?????
2. Ricky tells you that he has never had any counselling before so he is not sure what to expect. Ricky agrees that it will be helpful for him to understand more about what counselling process involves, particularly he is wondering if you will be able to tell him what’s the best decision to make in his situation. Write down what you would say to Ricky to explain the person-centred nature of the process and your role as the counsellor in this regard. In your response, you should also clarify with Ricky whether he is agreeable to such counselling approach. (Your response should be no more than 100 words)
3. Now, you want to find out more about Ricky’s concerns and what he might want to discuss in counselling. Write down an open question you could ask Ricky in order to invite him to share about his most pressing concerns. (Your response should be approximately 15 words)
4. Ricky goes on to tell you about his reasons for seeking counselling. Describe how you would use body language to show Ricky that you are interested and open to what he is telling you. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
5. Ricky tells you about his dilemma about moving out and his relationship with mother (see background information at the beginning of this question). Explain how you might go about helping Ricky identify priorities and goals to work on in counselling sessions. (Your response should be no more than 50 words)

After some discussions, Ricky decides that his priority is to reduce the number of family commitments he currently has. His goals are outlined below. You also wrote on your case note that “Ricky mentioned about being accepted into a veterinary science course” which is something you may want to follow up in the future sessions.
1. Sit down with his mother and tell her how he is feeling.
2. Work together towards a more equitable sharing of commitments starting with paying bills.
3. Begin arrangements to move in with a friend in 3 months.

3.14 Imagine that you are a counsellor and you are meeting a new client, Karen. Before Karen arrives, you review her file and the following referral letter.

1. What information have you learned about Karen based on the referral letter above? (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
2. Imagine that Karen has now arrived for her appointment. Once Karen is seated in the counselling room, she immediately begins to tell you about what happened in her workplace and how those events are causing a lot of stress to her. Write down what you could say to Karen, in order to respectfully acknowledge her concerns and guide her into the contracting conversation. (Your response should be approximately 80 words)
3. Imagine that Karen has signed the counselling contract, and you invited her to tell you more about her concerns at work. Karen says, “I just feel like I can’t cope anymore. Work has got so bad that sometimes I just want to give it up….”Write down what you could say in order to paraphrase what Karen has said. (Your response should be approximately 10 words)???
4. Karen replies, “It’s this new supervisor at work. She’s constantly criticising me and making horrible comments. The other day she made fun of a suggestion I made to improve the catering system - in front of everyone too.” Write down what you could say to reflect on Karen’s feelings. (Your response should be approximately 5 words)
5. Karen says, “I’m the assistant to the service improvement manager at this company that produces pre-cooked weight loss meals. I’ve been there ages now and never had any issues with anyone but since this supervisor started 3 months ago, it’s been hell. I dread going to work every morning – I can’t eat at all I feel so sick. I can’t sleep…It’s just that I feel so bad all the time…. also I just burst into tears at the drop of a hat … [Karen starts crying]. Look at me - I’m a mess… I can’t even handle the kids anymore. I overheard my eldest tell his brother that he had to be good boy all the time now because mum is sad which breaks my heart. I hate what this is doing to my family”
6. Write down what you could say to summarise Karen’s concerns based on what she has told you so far. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
7. Karen decides that she needs to address what is happening at work first. Her broad goal is to reduce her stress at work. Outline the steps you would take to work collaboratively with Karen in order to explore possible options for achieving her goals through counselling. (Your response should be approximately 70 words)
8. Karen thinks that it might be useful for her to improve on her communication skills so she could be more assertive in responding to her supervisor’s comments. Karen also agrees with your suggestion that she may benefit from learning some relaxation techniques she could implement at work whenever she feels stressed. Write down what you would say to Karen to summarise the options discussed and confirm that these will be the focus of her next counselling session. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)
9. Using the information you have gathered from Karen’s initial session through previous questions, complete the following counselling plan. You also made an observational note to follow up on Karen’s reported difficulty in sleeping and eating in the next session, and that Karen has agreed to evaluating the counselling progress at the end of third session.

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