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PSYC311 Research Design and StatisticsIII Data Analysis Assignment

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Added on: 2023-05-18 07:42:28
Order Code: 490168
Question Task Id: 0
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    PSYC311

Thisassignmentisdividedintotwoparts.Eachpartrequiresyouto interpretandreport differentdata analyses. Instructions foreach part are presented below.

Yoursubmissionwillincludethefollowing:

  1. One word (or pdf) document with the answers to Part A and Part B, clearly labeled. Specific requirements for the answers on each part are included below.Thisdocument must adhere to APA 7th This includes table format, captions(bothcontentandformat),headings(ifyouareusingany),statisticsreportingintextwhenapplicable, etc.
  2. AnSPSSoutput filewiththeresultsoftheanalysisforboth PartAandPartB,clearly Delete all the attempts that are not relevant. Your output should includeoneset of analyses forPart A andone setof analyses for PartB.
  3. AdatafileforPart B,withallvariablesandlevelsclearlyThisdatafilewillbesubmitted in an SPSS datafile.Please label yourvalues in the variable view.

PARTA

In this part of the assignment, you are provided with a brief introduction to a researchquestionrelatingtothestudyofintuitiveeatinginastudentpopulation. Inadditiontothis,you are provided with a set of de-identified data that includes variables relevant to thatresearch question. Your job is to identify the research question and conduct the dataanalysis appropriate for that question (note that this might require recoding of onevariable). After having obtained all the relevant statistics, you will write a results sectionpresentingtheresultsofyouranalysis.Inadditiontothisyouwillwriteabriefparagraph inwhich you interpret the results (i.e., in this paragraph you will say what the answers to theresearchquestions are).

Youshouldbeabletoanswerall questions withoutany furtherreading on thetopic oftheresearch question. That is, you do not need to read articles on intuitive eating or relatedconstructs.Ofcourse,ifyouwishtodofurtherreadingortoreadthereferencesprovided,thatis ok, but it is not a requirement.

Youranswertothisquestionshouldincludethefollowingcomponents:

  1. A paragraph describing what it all means. In particular, here you want to make clearreferencetowhattheanswertotheresearchquestions was(e.g.,werethe variablesrelated in the expected way? Did the addition of the new variable(s) improveprediction? What can the researchers conclude?). Remember that in this section youmust not repeat the numerical results values. You dont need to include limitationstothe study unless they are related to the statistics.
  2. You must make reference to what statistical analysis you conducted and to the tests of therelevant Youmuststatewhethertheassumptionsweremetandhow you determined this, and your SPSS output must contain evidence ofassumption tests. If there are any outliers, you must note how many there were andhow you identified them. Make reference to the extent to which the identifiedoutliers may influence your data (if they dont, you can say that there is no cause forconcern). Your SPSS output must include evidence that you looked at outlierinformation.
  3. A table presenting the results of the regression. Not all results need to be included in the table. For example, you may refer to overall model stats (such as R-sq or F) in thebodyofthetextwhileprovidingtheothernecessaryregressionstatisticsinthe
  1. A paragraph describing what it all means. In particular, here you want to make clearreferencetowhattheanswertotheresearchquestions was(e.g.,werethe variablesrelated in the expected way? Did the addition of the new variable(s) improveprediction? What can the researchers conclude?). Remember that in this section youmust not repeat the numerical results values. You dont need to include limitationstothe study unless they are related to the statistics.

Note that every time you present information on a table you must first introduce the tableinthetext(thetableshouldappearafter thefirstin-paragraphmentionofthattable).Also,you want to draw the attention of the reader to the relevant parts of the table withoutrepeating the contents of the table. For example, you may say Table X presents thecorrelation between the variables. As expected, the correlation between apples and pearswas positive and significant. Here you dont report the actual r or p values because youalreadyhave reference to them in the table.

PartA:Introduction

The role of restrictive eating on weight loss and disordered eating has received a lotofresearchattention(Tylka,Calogero,&Danelsdttir,2015).Restrictiveeatingisoneofthemost common methods of weight control. While restrictive eating should theoretically leadto weight loss, there is a great deal of research showing that restrictive eating actuallypromotes weight gain over the long-term (Chaput et al., 2009; Neumark-Sztainer, Wall,Haines, Story, & Eisenberg, 2007). In addition, the physical and psychological deprivationassociated with restrictive eating has been shown to increase the risk of disordered eating(e.g., binge eating) and various psychological problems, including body image concerns andcognitivedysfunction (Bruce & Ricciardelli, 2016).

Consideringthepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofrestrictiveeating,ithasbeenrecentlysuggestedthatintuitive eatingisa more adaptive andflexible style (Tylka,2006).

Characteristics of an intuitive eater include (a) eating based on physiological hunger andsatietycuesratherthanonexternaloremotionalcues,(b)notthinkingaboutfoodingoodorbadterms, and(c) eatingavarietyoffoodsforavarietyofpurposes(e.g.,taste,energy,and stamina) without any associated guilt. Because intuitive eating fosters a positiverelationship with food and with eating, research has consistently shown intuitive eating topredict a variety of positive psychological outcomes, including improved self-esteem, lowerdepression and anxiety levels, and fewer disordered eating behaviours (Bruce & Ricciardelli,2016; Van Dyke & Drinkwater, 2014). Because of this, it has been proposed by somescholars that health professionals and organisations should advocate the use of intuitiveeatinginstead of restrictive eating.

Given that intuitive eating has been shown to consistently predict positivepsychological outcomes, it is critical to understand the characteristics that predict intuitiveeating. There has been some research that has explored predictors of intuitive eating inbothmaleandfemalesamples.Twovariablesthathavebeenconsistentlyshowntopredictintuitive eating are body appreciation and a motivation to exercise for health-relatedreasons. That is, individuals who value and appreciate their body and who also regularlyexercise to improve their overall health (rather than exercising for weight loss) are morelikely to adopt an intuitive eating approach (Bruce & Ricciardelli, 2016; Van Dyke &Drinkwater,2014).

Recently,theroleofdichotomousthinkinganditsrelationshiptodisorderedeatinghas also been investigated (Byrne, Allen, Dove, Watt, & Nathan, 2008). Dichotomousthinking refers to the tendency for one to think in an extreme all-or-none fashion. It hasbeen theorised that restrictive eaters tend to binge eat because of their dichotomousthinking style. That is, if a diet rule is broken (e.g., gone over the self-imposed calorielimit), it is perceived as a complete failure leading the dieter to give up and temporarilyabandontheir diet rules thereby promoting binge eating.

Theoretically, then, dichotomous thinking should be negatively correlated withintuitive eating. However, no research has yet explored whether dichotomous thinking is asignificantpredictorof intuitiveeating.Asaresult,tofurtherunderstandthecharacteristicsthatpredict intuitive eating, this research is interestedin the following:

  • What is amount of variance in intuitive eating that can be accounted for bydichotomousthinkingaftercontrollingforbodyappreciationandexercisingforhealth-relatedreasons?
  • Doestheadditionofdichotomousthinkingsignificantlyimprovethepredictionofintuitive eating over and above that the prediction of a model including bodyappreciationand exercising for health-related reasons alone?
  • What is the nature of the contribution of each variable? What is their relativecontributiontothemodel?Whatproportionofvarianceintheoutcomedoeachvariableuniquely account for?

PartB

In this section of the assignment you will use SPSS to answer a different research question(see next page). In contrast to Part A, in this section of the assignment, only the raw data isprovided. You will be required to enter the data into the SPSS Data Editor in a manner thatallows you to run the appropriate analyses, including all relevant variable codes to specifythe different groups in the design. Similarly to Part A, you will need to decide whichstatistical analysis is appropriate to answer the research question, run this analysis andreportyour findings in APA style.

  1. Enterthedata providedattheendintotheSPSSDataEnsure thatyoulabelallvariables, and assignvalue labels toeach level ofthe independent variable(s)
  2. Conducttheanalysisrequiredtoanswertheresearchquestion
  3. Thewrittenportionofyouranswershouldinclude:
    1. An introductory paragraph in which you make reference to the relevantdescriptive statistics and go over the pattern of results. That is, describe withwords what the descriptive statistics show (who performed better/worse, etc).Present these descriptive statistics using a Figure (must be a bar graph with SEbars)1. The Figure must conform to APA formatting standards (including clearlabelsandcaptions).ItisnotacceptabletosimplycopyandpasteanSPSSoutput
    2. You must make reference to what statistical analysis was conducted. You muststatewhethertheassumptionsweremetandhowyoudeterminedthis,andyourSPSSoutput must contain evidence of assumption tests
    3. A paragraph in which you provide the results of the main analysis. Make sure thatyou explore any significant interactions with appropriate follow-up tests and thatyoureport those results.
    4. A paragraph discussing the results of the analysis in relation to the researchThatis,whatistheanswertotheresearchquestion?Remember,asinPartA, you do not need to discuss limitations.

AswasthecaseforPartA,thereisnorequirementtoreadreferences onthetopicpresentedby the question in Part B

1ManyshortvideosexplaininghowtocreateagraphinExcelusingSPSSoutputcanbefoundonYoutube

PartB: Background

NOTE:thefollowingisamade-upresearchscenarioandsetofdata

Aresearcher is interested in investigating the effectiveness of different treatmentsfor improving hazard perception performance for drivers. In particular, the researcher isinterested in determining whether an at-home app-based program leads to the sameimprovements in hazard perception as weekly individual practice sessions on a drivingsimulator. To control for threats to internal validity, the researcher also includes a controlgroup. The researcher is also interested in whether the treatments are of equal efficacy foryoung (18 25 years) and older drivers (65+ years). The researcher hypotheses that bothformsoftrainingwillbe moreeffective thannotrainingat all,but thatweekly sessionsonasimulator will be better than an app-based program. The researcher also hypotheses thatyoung drivers will respond to the app treatment more and therefore see greaterimprovement with the app-based treatment than older adults, but there would be nodifference between young and older drivers on improvements to hazard perceptionfollowingweekly sessions on a driving simulator.

36 drivers (matched on gender), made up of 18 young drivers and 18 older drivers,are assigned to the three conditions, so that there are 6 participants in each group.For 8weeks, participants either use the app to guide their training (App training), or attendweekly sessions on a driving simulator (Simulator training), or continue as normal(Controls).At the conclusion of the treatment period, patients are tested on a hazardperception test (higher score equals better hazard perception). The scores are presented inthetablebelow.

App Training

Control

Simulator Training

YoungDrivers

10

9

8

7

8

7

5

4

3

3

2

1

4

3

3

4

2

2

OlderDrivers

6

6

6

4

5

5

4

4

3

2

2

2

6

6

5

5

5

4

  • Uploaded By : Katthy Wills
  • Posted on : May 18th, 2023
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