700051 The Individual in Society

2. Quick Skills!

Quick Skills: Using quotes andsecondary citations.

Quotes are phrases, sentences or paragraphs copied word- for-word (verbatim) from a reading.

Can I use lots of quotes?
No. Quotes should used very sparingly.
Quotes should be brief and only be used to highlight a main point. (You are, though, required to use quotes in your Learning Journal). An assignment with many quotes indicates that the student has not digested and understood the material sufficiently.
Sometimes students change just one or two words in a sentence or paragraph before including that sentence or paragraph in their assignment.

Secondary Citations

When you write your assignments you will refer to the authors of the prescribed readings: that is you will provide appropriate in-text citations and an accurate reference list of those readings you have referred to.

In all of your readings, the authors invariably refer to other authors (that is they reference their sources). If you want to refer to an author cited by the author of the reading, you are getting into secondary citations.

Read the excerpt by Wallis in your workbook. Say you are interested in what Diener and Seligman found. How might you write this in your assessment?

3. What is prejudice anddiscrimination

Prejudice
A negative evaluation of a group or individual, made without proper judgement (pre-conceived).

Discrimination Unjustified negative behaviour, often the result of previously-held prejudices. Consequently, prejudice is a negative attitude; discrimination is a negative behaviour (Meyers and Zinkiewicz 2016, p. 313).

Stereotype
A generalisation regarding a specific group, usually negative. Positive stereotypes do exist, however, they still lead to depersonalisation

Did you write these definitions in your workbook (page 4)?

4. Types ofPrejudice anddiscrimination

Prejudice and Discrimination Aamer Rahman - Fear of a brown planet - Workshop for Whitey

In small groups, make a note of all the stereotypes you hear here as you will need them for the last exercise of the tutorial.

What stereotypes have you encountered?
Discuss in your groups how stereotypes are linked to beliefs.

Types of prejudice

Heterosexism:

The belief that heterosexuality is the default or norm of society, that everyone is heterosexual. Other sexualities are not considered in discussions with others.

This differs from homophobia, which is the prejudice (and, often, discrimination) of gay and lesbian people.

1. What is benevolent sexism?
2. Is chivalry good manners, gentlemanly behaviour, patronising, or offensive?
3. For example, how do you feel about door opening on a date?

Make sure you complete the questionnare on sexism in the workbook (page 9).

Activity 1:Automatic Prejudice

In groups:

What is subtle prejudice?
What is overt prejudice?
What is automatic prejudice?
What are some examples of each?
Is one easier to change?
Why?

Activity 2:Racism:FalseBeliefs

Access the reading by Pederson, Clarke, Dudgeon and Griffiths (2005) via the Readings and Resources link.

Identify the false beliefs about Indigenous Australians and Asylum Seekers, filling in the tables of the worksheet.

Fightingfalsebeliefs

Drone footagedestruction inSyria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soxm2De-fZc

News report on abuse in offshore detention centres

http://www.abc.net.au/news/201 6-08-10/nauru-data-leak-paints-disturbing-picture-of-refugee-abuse/7712890

5. Social Identity: In-groups andout-groups

SocialIdentity:
In-groupsand out-groups

In-Group:

The feeling of common identity we have with others; the elements of the self we use to create groups we belong to. It is the sense of us that we have/create. This can be important or small and may fluctuate (Myers & Zinciewicz 2016).

Out-Group:

Those who we perceive as different from us, who do not share common identity traits. Where in group is us, the out group is them (Myers & Zinciewicz 2016).

In-Group Bias:

The favouring of your in-groups, both consciously and unconsciously (Myers & Zinciewicz 2016).

Out-Group Homogeneity Effect:

The generalisation of your out-groups; while you (and your in-group) are unique, fully-formed individuals, your out-groups are homogenous masses with no differences .

Did you write these in your workbook (page 10)?

6. Working toreduce prejudice

Bystander effects

Watch the following two clips (Language warning!)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiLpFG5uUc0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VCiBSxKR7I&nohtml5=False

Bystandereffects

In your groups discuss

What enabled the bystanders to intervene?

What was a barrier to the bystanders intervention?

What would you do in these situations?

Workingto reduceprejudice

• Psychological approach
• Humanizing the victims of prejudice
• Avoiding arguments that provoke reactivity
• Finding common ground and enlarging upon it
• Planting a seed rather than needing instant resolution
• Considering why the comment was made -- not just whether it's true
• Thinking about what has worked to change one's own mind, and using that approach