Draft an essay based on Medical Case Study

Aim of assessment

The purpose of this assessment is to enable students to:

1. Explain in visual format (concept map) the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, management, course, prognosis, and prevention of left-sided heart failure (Learning outcomes 1 and 5).
2. Explain the underlying pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations of an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure (Learning outcomes 1 and 5).
3. Discuss nursing strategies and evidence-based rationales to manage a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure - acute pulmonary oedema (Learning outcomes 2, 4 and 5).
4. Describe the nursing role and responsibilities in the use of pharmacological interventions related to an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure (Learning outcomes 3 and 5).

Details

You are to develop a concept map for the topic left-sided heart failure and answer three questions related to an acute exacerbation left-sided heart failure. References are to include three (3) recent, relevant journal articles as well as textbook material and evidence-based resources.

Concept Map

• The concept map must be computer generated.
• When researching the topic, use the pathophysiology template that is on the unit vUWS site to assist you in organising your information. The template will also assist in identifying key concepts and their relationships.
• Concept boxes should have titles with relevant content summarised within the box.
• The summarised content may be in point format and size 10 font (Arial or Times New Roman) may be used on the concept map.
• Concept boxes must be linked using lines and linking words/phrases to demonstrate logical relationships between concepts.
• For conciseness, numbers may be used to replace traditional APA referencing within concept boxes. If you use numbers, you must include a reference list in numerical order, corresponding to your references immediately after the concept map.
• Critical thinking and creativity are essential components of the concept map. The map design needs to be visually stimulating.

Guided Questions

Case study

Mrs Brown, a 78 year-old female, was admitted to the Emergency Department at 6am after waking up with severe breathlessness. Her family informed you that the patient has a history of heart failure that had been diagnosed two years ago. On admission to the Emergency Department the clinical manifestations were:

• Severe dyspnoea
• Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute
• SpO2 85%, on room air
• BP 170/95mmHg
• Pulse rate of 120 beats/minute
• Auscultation of lungs identifies bilateral basal crackles

Mrs Brown was connected to an ECG monitor that showed atrial fibrillation. A diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure was made.

Question 1. (500 words) (Learning outcome 1 and 5)
Explain the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented.

Question 2. (200 words) (Learning outcomes 2, 4 and 5)
Discuss two high priority nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown and provide evidence-based rationales for these strategies.

Question 3. (300 words) (Learning outcome 3 and 5)
Two of the drugs that were given to Mrs Brown were IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate.
a. Discuss the mechanism of action of these two drugs, and relate to the underlying pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure. And,
b. Describe the nursing implications (monitoring for and responding to adverse effects, and evaluating therapeutic effect) when administering these two drugs to a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure.

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