EHR128 Understanding Research Assignment

Question 1. Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper gave key insights into the nature of scientific endeavour. Define a paradigm shift and explain how refutability works in the scientific enterprise

Question 2. Explain the fundamental basis of knowledge and how it may be applied to a profession.

Question 3. Explain the distinction between INDUCTIVE and DEDUCTIVE reasoning.

Question 4. What does Thomas Kuhn mean when he says, NORMAL SCIENCE?

Question 5. Explain what sort of statistical test you would use for an experimental design with three groups, each with a measure of performance. Would you also employ a post hoc or multiple comparison test? Why or why not?

Question 6. What is Pearson's correlation? Explain the concepts of magnitude and direction with a diagram.

Question 7. The table below is an excerpt from the t-distribution for crucial t-values. Following an experiment, the researchers determined that t-observed was 1.77 with a sample size of n = 16.

1. Using the table, indicate if the experiment's outcome is statistically significant for a one-tailed test.

Explain how changing the sample size affects the degree of significance. Provide your response in writing and also make the necessary markings on the table.

Question 8. Explain the key distinctions between QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE research methods. Give an example of each.

Question 9. Explain Action research. In your response, compare and contrast Action research with the more traditional scientific method, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

Question 10. These four political parties received the following proportion of the vote in the previous federal election in the seat of 'Ozzie Ozzie Ozzie oi oi oi':

• 36% Labor
• 38% Liberal
• 10% Greens
• 16% National

A recent opinion survey polled 1000 individuals about their voting intentions in the seat of 'ozie ozie ozie oi oi oi'. The poll's findings were as follows:

• 374 people indicated that they would vote for Labor
• 363 people indicated that they would vote Liberal
• 97 people indicated that they would vote Greens
• 166 people indicated that they would vote Nationals

Using the last election as the expected result, conduct a chi-square test and complete the following:

Filling in the table below

Question 11.The following table is to be used for Question 11 and the associated questions.

Pearson Product Moment

Determine the relationship between push-ups and pull-ups using the data in this table and answer the individual questions below.

1. Complete the table (1 mark)

What is the value for r? 

What would the R² value be and what would it indicate? 

Do you have enough information to determine if this is a statistically significant relationship? Why, why not? 

Question 12. Explain why it is so important to ensure ethical practice in research.

Outline one example of what is today considered an unethical scientific study and explain your response.

Question 13. The images below are from several Olympic marathons over the years. What can be stated about these images as proof of why athletes may collapse at the end of long races? Outline what other concurrent information/evidence you may gather to supplement these images to develop conclusions about the event's consequences. Fill out the text box on the next page with your response.

Question 14. Discuss the importance of examining the impact of research on, rather than with, Indigenous Australian peoples and their communities. Please include both historical context and current challenges in your response.

Question 15. Considering your response to the previous question, describe and summarise the research methodologies you would consider when developing a research partnership with Australian Indigenous peoples and their communities.

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