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Estimating the biological sex of unknown skeletal pelvic girdles using the sex determinant method.

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Estimating the biological sex of unknown skeletal pelvic girdles using the sex determinant method.

Introduction

The pelvic girdle is a complex structural component consists of several bones connecting the lower limbs to the axial skeleton (Lindsay M. Biga et al, 2019). It is an ideal anatomical structure for sex estimations of adult specimens due to its unique characteristics and obvious functional relationship between the pelvic shape and reproduction in the females (Robert Hall et al, 20). Biological sex has a significant influence on the pelvis, which is the primary skeletal region studied by anthropologists due to its significant sexual dimorphism, making it a reliable tool for estimating the biological sex of unidentified skeletal remains (Forensics, 2024). In the pelvic determinant method,the unique morphological characteristics of male and female pelvises is usedto make accurate estimations throughthe anatomy of the pelvic girdle to distinguish between male and female skeletal remains based on their sexual dimorphism.

Hypothesis:

The aim of this investigation is to show that the application of the pelvic determinant method will accurately determine the biological sex of five unknown skeletons (A, B, C, D, & E).

Materials

Unknown skeletons A, B, C, D, E

Methodology

Utilising the pelvic determinant method, the pelvic girdle of five unknown Skeletons (A, B, C, D, E), were examined. Specific morphological characteristics, including the pubic arch, sacrum, coccyx, pelvic inlet, and acetabula were carefully inspected. These stature characteristics were compared to established male and female pelvic traits to estimate sex. Results were methodically tabulated for comprehensive analysis. This approach used the significant sexual dimorphism in the human pelvic girdle to provide an objective method of sex estimation.

Results

The data shows that among the five skeletal pelvic girdles, Skeletons A and E displayed female morphological characteristics: a rounded pubic arch, a wide sacrum with accentuated curvature, a more moveable and inferiorly positioned coccyx, a wide oval-shaped pelvic inlet, and larger acetabula spaced farther apart. Conversely, Skeletons B, C, and D exhibited male traits, an acute pubic arch, a narrow sacrum with ventral curvature, a less moveable and anteriorly positioned coccyx, a narrow heart-shaped pelvic inlet, and smaller acetabula positioned closed together. This trend reflects the significant sexual dimorphism in the pelvic girdles.

Skeleton

A B -4026535-245907Table 1: Represents the recorded results from observing skeletons by using pelvic determination method.

0Table 1: Represents the recorded results from observing skeletons by using pelvic determination method.

C D E

Pubic Arch (rounded/ acute) 42036139116Rounded

00Rounded

101423138532Acute

00Acute

102997103048Acute

00Acute

14848969241Acute

00Acute

4828565964Rounded

00Rounded

Sarcum (wider/narrow, accentuated curvature/ventral) 4203752349Wider, accentuated curvature

00Wider, accentuated curvature

-63503175Narrow, ventral

00Narrow, ventral

4447552857Narrow, ventral

00Narrow, ventral

1398903175Narrow, ventral

00Narrow, ventral

4517226823Wider, accentuated curvature

00Wider, accentuated curvature

Coccyx (more/less moveable, inferiorly/anteriorly) -13835-145More moveable, inferiorly

00More moveable, inferiorly

2293653873Anteriorly less moveable

00Anteriorly less moveable

470151270Anteriorly less moveable

00Anteriorly less moveable

10815353873Anteriorly less moveable

00Anteriorly less moveable

2105912065More moveable inferiorly

00More moveable inferiorly

Pelvic inlet (brim) (Wider/narrow; oval/heart-shaped) 41910112573Wide oval

00Wide oval

6540532385Narrow heart-shaped

00Narrow heart-shaped

4427233427Narrow heart-shaped

00Narrow heart-shaped

10459735255Narrow heart-shaped

00Narrow heart-shaped

4503435560Wide oval

00Wide oval

Acetabula (smaller/larger; farther apart/closer) 4226634442Large, farther apart

00Large, farther apart

6548235128Smaller,

Closer

00Smaller,

Closer

40640-5080Smaller, closer

00Smaller, closer

141173-204Smaller, closer

00Smaller, closer

37820-1016Large, farther apart

00Large, farther apart

Biological Sex (Male/Female) 2410545161F

00F

-2438-1727M

00M

42240-2007M

00M

104597-3328M

00M

378201447F

00F

Discussion

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INCLUDEPICTURE "https://www.registerednursern.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mfpelvis-social.png" * MERGEFORMATINET

Conclusion

Reference list

Biga, L. M., Bronson, S., Dawson, S., Harwell, A., Hopkins, R., Kaufmann, J., OpenStax. (2019). 8.3 the pelvic girdle and pelvis. Retrieved from https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/8-3-the-pelvic-girdle-and-pelvis/

Fidoe, S. (2022). The pelvic girdle. Retrieved from https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/bones/pelvic-girdle/

Witzel, A. (2017). Learning modules. Retrieved from https://eforensics.info/learning_module/sex-determination/

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