PSY10008 Fundamentals of Psychology Assignment 1: Lab report

Word limit: 2200 words (+/- 10%)

Weighting: 45%

Due date: 5pm AEDT Monday 13 January 2025 (Week 9)

Individual/team task: Individual

After you have read this information, head over to the Assignment 1 Q&A

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/discussion_topics/908023 ) discussion board to ask any questions and see what your peers are saying about this assignment.

Assignment details

This assignment is designed to develop important skills in research methods, critical thinking, and writing a short APA-style journal article (referred to as a 'lab report' in psychology units). In this lab report, you will review the relevant literature, present hypotheses, describe the results, and discuss the implications of the findings. We will help you to develop the relevant skills and knowledge necessary to complete this assignment in our learning materials, Collaborate sessions, and through additional posted resources.

APA-style journal articles (and, thus, psychology lab reports) typically consist of four main sections: Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion. Reports also include a brief Abstract at the start of the paper and a list of References at the end. I include a brief summary of each section here, but please also see the Report requirements section for more detailed information and key prompts to guide you in this assignment.

Introduction : You should include a short literature review summarising relevant past research, explain the research question(s), and develop a logical argument that informs your hypotheses about your predicted results of the study. To write the introduction, you will need to use relevant research articles. We have provided two 'starter' articles; you will need to find and integrate at least three additional articles into your introduction). You will need to correctly cite and reference all articles that you use in your lab report.

Method : The method is like a formula for how the study was conducted. On this page, you are given the key information relating to the method, and will need to use this to write your method section.

Results : You should include a figure representing the data (see the Summary Statistics section) and a written description of what was found in the study.

Discussion : You should briefly summarise your results as they relate to your hypotheses, integrate the findings of this study into the relevant literature, discuss the implications of your findings, critique the

study, and propose possible future directions for this line of research.

Abstract : Once you have a draft of your lab report, you should write the abstract (presented at the beginning of the lab report) as a brief overview of the entire report.

References : Include all papers that you cited in your lab report. Your References list does not count toward your word count (but the in-text citations do count).

This assignment supports unit learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Topic: University students' intentions to use generative AI in their coursework

This study examines students intentions to use generative AI, such as ChatGPT, in their coursework at university. Specifically, we will explore the role of social norms in influencing students intentions.

Generative AI, like ChatGPT, is a new tool that may be useful for various tasks. However, it can also be used in inappropriate and unacceptable ways, such as to generate parts of an assignment, answers to questions, or even whole essays without acknowledging its use. As such, there is a lot of interest in understanding students intentions to use generative AI and what factors might encourage or discourage inappropriate use.

In this study, we will examine the role of social norms in encouraging or discouraging inappropriate use. Behaviour is often influenced by social norms, with people more likely to do a given behaviour if that behaviour is considered normative within their reference groups. Recent research, including our own research with psychology students, suggests that social norms around using generative AI do influence students intentions and behaviours. However, that research is correlational and does not tell us whether social norms have a causal role in shaping behaviour. In this study, we will use an experimental method to examine the causal role of social norms in shaping behaviour.

The psychological literature around normative influence distinguishes two types of norms: injunctive norms (what most people think you should do) and descriptive norms (what most people actually do). Usually, these two types of norms are consistent (people usually do what people think they should do), but not always. In the context of generative AI use, injunctive norms are what most students think is acceptable use, while descriptive norms describe how manystudents actually use it. In this study, we will attempt to manipulate these two types of norms experimentally and examine whether they have a causal effect on students intentions to use generative AI.

Participants were given information about the percentage of students who think using ChatGPT to write parts of an assignment is acceptable (injunctive norm manipulation) and about the percentage of students who intend to use it in this way (descriptive norm manipulation). Some participants were given positive norm information (most students approve or are likely to use it) while others were given negative norm information (most students disapprove or are unlikely to use it). Participants then completed a measure of their own intentions to use generative AI in their coursework.

Starter articles

You must locate, read, and use the following sources in your report:

Authors: T. Greitemeyer and A. Kastenmller

Title: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Willingness to Use ChatGPT for Academic Cheating: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

Journal: Technology, Mind, and Behavior

Details: Published in 2024, no volume, issue, or page numbers assigned

DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000133

Authors: J. R. Smith and W. R. Louis

Title: Do as we say and as we do: The interplay of descriptive and injunctive group norms in the attitudebehaviour relationship

Journal: British Journal of Social Psychology

Details: Published in 2008, in volume 47, on pages 647 to 666.

DOI: 10.1348/014466607X269748

Please note that these references are NOT in APA format. One of your tasks for this assignment will be to create an APA-formatted reference list for the sources you use.

The introduction section of your lab report should summarise the theory of planned behaviour and the concepts of descriptive and injunctive norms. It should summarise some research illustrating the application of these theories/concepts to students intentions or behaviour around using artificial intelligence in their coursework. The main research question is whether injunctive and/or descriptive norms influence students intentions to use AI for their coursework. The introduction will culminate in your hypotheses about what you expect this study to find. See the Report requirements section for more information.

Additional resources

We recommend that you use additional resources throughout this unit. Your Findlay & Kaufman (2021) eText will assist you in writing the lab report. The American Psychological Association (APA) manual is the definitive guide on APA format, but does not give advice for psychology lab reports specifically.

All students enrolled at Swinburne University who studied on campus were invited to participate in the study via announcements on Canvas and in lectures and tutorials.

397 students completed the survey. Of these, 87 participants were removed due to failing the attention checks. The final sample consisted of 310 participants.

Gender:

Age:

Design

A between-subjects design with two independent variables (IVs):

Injunctive norms either in favour of or against using ChatGPT for coursework

Descriptive norms either a minority or a majority of students intend to use ChatGPT for their coursework

Dependent variable was participants intentions to use ChatGPT for coursework.

Stimuli

To manipulate student norms around the use of ChatGPT for coursework, participants were shown two graphs ostensibly representing other psychology students attitudes and behaviours.

To manipulate injunctive norms, one graph depicted the percentage of students who believe it is acceptable to use ChatGPT for coursework. This graph depicted either that most students think it is acceptable (acceptable injunctive norm condition) or that it is unacceptable (unacceptable injunctive norm condition).

To manipulate descriptive norms, another graph depicted the percentage of students who intended to use ChatGPT for coursework. The graph depicted either that the majority (acceptable descriptive norm) or a minority (unacceptable descriptive norm) of students intended to use ChatGPT for coursework.

Measures

Participants attitudes and intentions to use ChatGPT for coursework were measured using Likert-type scales.

All measures were adapted from Greitemeyer and Kastenmller (2024). All measures are given in the survey printout.

Procedure

Data were collected using an online surve y.

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4627861?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4627861/download?download_frd=1) Participants read a Consent Information Statement outlining information required to enable informed consent.

The order of measures and manipulations was as follows:

Demographic information Knowledge of ChatGPT

Perceptions of university policy around use of generative AI

Presentation of normative information (the experimental manipulation) Attitudes

Intentions

Beliefs about the appropriate use of generative AI Debrief

Summary statistics

Please note: No additional data or inferential analyses are required for your assignment beyond what is presented below. This is not a statistics assignment, so you should focus on clearly presenting and summarising descriptive data, interpreting patterns in the data, integrating the results with previous literature, and discussing the implications of your results. We do not expect you to perform or interpret statistical analyses.

The table below gives the mean intention scores for participants in the acceptable and unacceptable injunctive and descriptive norm conditions.

Table 1

Descriptive Statistics for Intentions to use ChatGPT for Participants in the Acceptable and Unacceptable Injunctive and Descriptive Norms Conditions

M = mean; SD = standard deviation.

Report requirements

The word count for your assignment is 2,200 words, not including title page, figure(s), or the reference list (though in-text citations are included in the word count). Refer to Findlay & Kaufman (2021) or a similar reference for further details and a description of APA lab report sections. Additional resources and guidance will be available throughout the unit.

The lab report must contain the following components. The approximate word counts are suggested but not mandatory. They give an indication of the relative length of each section.

Assignment title page

The title page should include the title (Lab Report Assignment), your name, your tutors name, your word count, and the assignment due date.

Abstract (100150 words)

A succinct summary of all key features and findings of the study (i.e. purpose, design, results, implications).

Introduction (500600 words)

Your introduction should include a brief literature review about the students intentions and behaviour to use generative AI in their coursework. It should summarise the theory of planned behaviour and describe research applying the theory to the behaviour in question. It should also explain what injunctive and descriptive norms are, and how they may be relevant to students intentions and behaviour around using generative AI. A literature review provides a critical summary of key literature on the topic and builds a logical argument leading to your hypotheses.

Beyond the two 'starter' articles, you should use at least three additional peer-reviewed journal articles as the basis for your introduction. Your literature review should clearly define the key terms and build an argument that leads logically to your hypotheses. As a guide, you should:

provide some context to the issue and why it is important or interesting

describe specific studies that have examined students intentions/behaviour around using generative AI

describe descriptive and injunctive norms and why they might be relevant to understanding students intentions to use generative AI.

Please do not reference your eTexts in this assignment. You should rely on peer-reviewed research published in empirical journals.

The introduction should culminate in logical and explicit hypotheses related to the research questions. Remember, when stating your hypotheses, you need to specify the direction of any effects or interactions.

Research Question 1: Do injunctive norms influence students intentions to use generative AI for coursework?

In other words, is there a mean difference between students who were shown acceptable injunctive norms vs unacceptable injunctive norms on their intention to use generative AI for coursework?

Research Question 2: Do descriptive norms influence students intentions to use generative AI for coursework?

In other words, is there a mean difference between students who were shown acceptable descriptive norms vs unacceptable descriptive norms on their intention to use generative AI for coursework?

Research Question 3: Do injunctive and descriptive norms have additive or interactive effects on students intentions?

Method (200300 words)

This section should describe how the study was conducted in sufficient detail to enable replication. You should include the following sub-sections:

Participantsdescribe who the participants were and provide demographic information. Materialsdescribe the way norms were manipulated, and describe the measures of attitudes and intentions.

Proceduredescribe the flow of the experiment, including any relevant details about how and when data were collected.

Results (150300 words)

This section should summarise the parts of our data relevant to your hypotheses. In particular:

You must present a figure (NOT a table) showing the mean intention scores across the two norm variables. This figure must be formatted according to the APA guidelines.

Describe what the figure shows; that is, discuss the pattern of results. Do not provide a theoretical interpretation of your results in this section (save it for the discussion).

Discussion (600800 words)

This section should provide a theoretical interpretation of the data and a critique of our study that integrates your findings within the broader literature.

Your discussion section should follow this general guide:

Begin with a summary of your results with respect to your hypotheses. Comment on the degree to which your hypotheses were supported by the data.

Integrate/explain your findings with respect to the literature you included in the introduction. Comment specifically on similarities or differences of our findings from previous studies, and how variations in the different studies might relate to the results.

Give an interpretation of the results in terms of the theory and concepts mentioned in the introduction. Do the results support the role of norms in guiding intentions and behaviour? Critique the study including a discussion of the internal and external validity of the study (review your notes/reading on research methodology). Importantly, you should discuss any relevant limitations to the study.

References and style

Your reference list should include at least five peer-reviewed journal articlesthe two 'starter' articles and three additional articles.

You must include a reference list at the end of your assignment.

Citations refer to in-text mentions of an article (e.g., in your Introduction) whereas the References section is found at the end of a lab report and contains all articles cited in the text. Your citations and references should match (i.e., citations in the body of the lab report should appear in the reference list, and vice versa).

Your lab report should be written clearly, be free of grammatical and punctuation errors, and be written in APA format (APA 7th edition).

Supporting resources

The following resources will assist you with completing this assignment:

Check out the Student Hub's useful Study resources ( https://portal.swinburneonline.edu.au/study- resources ) , specifically the ' Academic practice

( https://studenthub.swinburneonline.edu.au/academic-practice ) ' and ' Academic writing and presentin g' ( https://studenthub.swinburneonline.edu.au/academic-writing-and-presenting ) pages.

Swinburne APA reference guide ( http ://www.swinburne.edu.au/library/referencing/apa-st y le- g uide/ ) .

You may find this page at the Swinburne Library helpful: Help searching for resources

( https://www.swinburne.edu.au/library/search/help / ) .

For guidance in formatting lab reports according to the APA's requirements, refer to your Findlay & Kaufman ( 2021 ) eText ( https://full- bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780655702948/epubcfi/6/2[;vnd.vst.idref=cover]!/4/2[vst- image-button-738222]@0:0 ) , as well as:

Operationalising h y p otheses ( PDF 105 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4319042/download?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4319042/download?download_frd=1) Guidelines for writing lab reports ( PDF 286 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318828?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318828/download?download_frd=1) Psycholo gy lab report ( PDF 112 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318783?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318783/download?download_frd=1)

APA 7th edition S ty le Guide ( PDF 961 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4319094?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4319094/download?download_frd=1)

Examples of previous reports

You may wish to review these examples of previous student work, which received HDs. These examples are not perfect, and they are not intended as templates for your work. Rather, they illustrate ways to construct reports and individual arguments.

Assignment 1: Lab report HD example 1 ( PDF 372 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318866/download?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318866/download?download_frd=1) Assignment 1: Lab report HD example 2 ( PDF 2.1 MB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318925/download?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318925/download?download_frd=1) Assignment 1: Lab report HD example 3 ( PDF 173 KB )

( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318891/download?wrap =1 ) (https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/files/4318891/download?download_frd=1)

Assignment criteria

Rubric

Select the Rubric icon for more detail about this assignment's marking criteria.

Submission details overview

This assignment will be submitted through Canvas. When you are ready to submit your assignment, select the 'Start Assignment' button at the top of this page. You will be taken to the 'File Upload' tab where you can choose your file or submit your URL.

Please note: When you submit your assignment through Canvas, you are also submitting the assignment through Turnitin, which is a text-matching service that compares your work with an international database of information sources. You will need to agree to using it.

Once you have submitted your assignment, select 'Submission Details' on the right of your screen to view your originality report if you haven't already done so.

Please allow a 24-hour turnaround for an originality report to be generated. See the 'Turnitin originality report' area of the Academic practice

( https://studenthub.swinburneonline.edu.au/academic-practice ) page in the Study Resources section of the Student Hub for several guides to assist with the submission process.

Resubmissions after the due date without prior approval from your Unit Coordinator may not be marked.

Assignment support

Don't forget that in addition to your OLAs who provide discipline-specific content advice, you can access the 24/7 draft-writing service from Studiosity.

If you need assistance with academic feedback on a draft of your assignment task, see Assignment su pp ort: Studiosi ty ( https://swinburneonline.instructure.com/courses/5793/pages/assignment-

su p p ort-studiosity ) .

Canvas studio video submissions

Navigate through the following presentation to learn more about Studio. Select the icons to move between the sections then access the information in the section menus by selecting each item.

If you require further support using Canvas Studio, contact your OLA or reach out to your Student Advisors (contact details can be found in the He l pHub

( https://studenthub.swinburneonline.edu.au/helphub ) ). There are also excellent resources available at Canvas Studio ( https://community.canvaslms.com/t5/Canvas-Studio-Guide/tkb- p /studio ) (Instructure 2022).

Note: The videos that you share in this unit are restricted to this LMS. Information that you provide through generated content will not be shared to any other platform or be accessed by anyone external to Swinburne Online without your permission.

Request assignment extension

We understand that at times your studies may be adversely affected by illness, misadventure or some other extraordinary cause or circumstance reasonably beyond your control. If you feel this is the case and you need an extension to support you in completing your assignment, please select 'I would like to request an extension' below to access the request process.

Please note: For team assignments, each team member must submit a request.

Assessment declaration

All students must agree to the following declaration when submitting assignment items.

Declaration and Statement of Authorship

1. I have not impersonated, or allowed myself to be impersonated by any person for the purposes of this
2. This assignment is my/our original work and no part of it has been copied from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made.
3. No part of this assignment has been written for me by any other person except where such collaboration has been authorised by the lecturer/teacher concerned.
4. Ihave not previously submitted this work for this or any other course/unit.
5. I give permission for my assignment response to be reproduced, communicated, compared and archived for plagiarism detection, benchmarking or educational purposes.

I understand that:

Plagiarism is the presentation of another person's work as though it is your own. It is a form of cheating and is a very serious academic offence that may lead to exclusion from the university.

Plagiarised material may be drawn from published and unpublished written documents, interpretations, computer software, designs, music, sounds, images, photographs, and ideas or ideological frameworks gained through working with another person or in a group.

Plagiarised material can be drawn from, and presented in, written, graphic and visual form, including electronic data and oral presentations. Plagiarism occurs when the origin of the material used is not appropriately cited.

I agree and acknowledge that:

1. Ihave read and understood the Declaration and Statement of Authorship
2. I accept that use of my Swinburne account to electronically submit this assignment constitutes my agreement to the Declaration and Statement of Authorship.
3. If I do not agree to the Declaration and Statement ofAuthorship in this context, the assessment outcome may not be valid for assessment purposes and may not be included in my aggregate score for this unit.
4. I am aware that it is not acceptable to resubmit the same piece of work (in part or as whole) for multiple assignments without permission from the Unit Coordinator.

Penalties for plagiarism ( https://www.swinburne.edu.au/current-students/manage-course/exams-results- assessment/plagiarism-academic-integrity /plagiarism-misconduct/ ) range from a formal caution to expulsion from the university, and are detailed in the Student Academic Misconduct Regulations 2012.

( https://www.swinburne.edu.au/about/leadership -governance/policies-regulations/statutes-regulations/student- academic-misconduct/ )