Health Promotion Case Study
Introduction
The thirty-eight-year-old client, David resides on rent in a coal mining area and is separated from his wife and two young children. The client's profession is a plumber and his employment has been affected since the Covid-19 crisis. The family history of David indicates a prostate cancer's history. Their current health issues of David include mismanagement of their diabetes condition as he has acquired type-2 diabetes and obtained a BMI result of 35. He also consumes alcohol weekly and has undergone surgery in relation to his injured ligament. The overall report elaborates on the case scenario of David by focusing on his different health problems and risks of obtaining prostate cancer. The paper reflects on prostate cancer's impact on the population of Australia. It is followed by briefly illustrating environmental and social determinants that maximize prostate cancer's risks and threats in David. Further, it elaborates on certain Behavioral determinants maximizing prostate cancer risk within the client. Lastly, the suitable health promotion pillar has been analyzed for David by playing the community nurses' role.
Prostate cancers impact around Australia
In 2022, prostate cancer was identified as the most basically diagnosed cancer in Australia. Additionally, within the relevant year, estimations have been provided that the chances of developing prostate cancer among male people comprises 17% that is 1 out of 6 individuals can acquire that disorder when they have attained the age of 85 years. During the year 2020, 3568 deaths have taken place within Australia. Further, estimations from 2022 data have been obtained that about 3507 deaths have taken place. One out of 55 male people that is 1.8% has the chance to die by the end of 85 years from the illness of prostate cancer (Canceraustralia, 2019, pp. 6). The diagnosis related to prostate cancer as well as its health approaches creates potential interruptions in the work of men following a variety of ways relying on occupations and kinds of received treatments. For instance, industry type, business size, and position within the workplace can all be considered potential factors. Few men continuously operated unless just before receiving treatment measures, while other people held the ability to continue operations during treatments or return back to operations after treatment (Feng et al., 2020, pp. 657). It has nearly been reported by all men that they have dealt with certain treatment-oriented symptoms and cancer-oriented symptoms in consideration of variations within functional impairment and severity, which created an adverse impact on their functioning and regular lives, comprising work (Liu et al., 2023, pp. 14). For most men, fatigue and incontinence following treatment approaches had been considered the key health issues creating an impact on their capability for performing their general roles.
Environmental and social determinants increasing prostate cancers risk in David
Social health determinants which are evaluated as having a connection with incidence, survival, and diagnosis stage of the disorder comprise socio-economic status like education and income, immigration status,neighborhood disadvantage, social network, and social support. Other health social determinants comprise geographic factors like access of neighborhood to different services of health. Hence, it can be understood that the risk of developing prostate cancer increases with the presence of these socioeconomic factors (Coughlin, 2020, pp. 45). Incidence rates of prostate cancer showcase a positive relation with peoples socioeconomic status. Besides this, obtaining low socioeconomic status can be found linked with a major rise in poorer survival risks. Also, the progression of prostate cancer can take place with a family history of having it, which basically indicates that in a few scenarios, genetic or inherited factors shall be present (Dasgupta et al., 2019, pp. 22). However, it has also been investigated that most of the men without having any family history of the same are inclined to develop this disorder. Having a brother or father dealing with prostate cancer multiplies the chances in relation to this illness. Age is also a vital factor for the development and progression of prostate cancer as evidence suggests it is rarely found in men whose age is below 40, but there is a rapid increase in chances when the age attains 50 years (Fathollahi et al., 2023, pp. 710). From the case scenario of David, some of the social determinants have been evident like lack of social support and genetic factors. He had to live alone in a semi-detached rental house and is in separation from his wife. He hardly gets to see his children once a month which acts as a potentially challenging factor in developing the illness of prostate cancer (Press et al., 2021, pp. 404). Even his older brother and father both have a history of the illness which doubles up the risk to get developing with David as time progresses.
Behavioral determinants increasing prostate cancers risk in David
Usually, external organisms like parasites, bacteria, or viruses do not induce cancer. Unrepaired mutation accumulation can be considered tumor formation's primary cause. This is because it not only results in genotype alterations allowing quick apoptosis avoidance and proliferation but also offers phenotype modifications (Yuan et al., 2023, pp. 1839). Apart from this, various challenging factors can maximize the chances for the development of cancer such as consumption of alcohol diet sedentary lifestyle infections radiation, and specifically the presence of metabolic syndrome or type-2 diabetes disorder lead to the development of prostate cancer among patients. Due to the potential increase in life expectance, a wide range of susceptibilities and mutations are provided among the adult group of people which gets a serious impact from prostate cancer. From current research, it has also been evident that reduced chances of developing prostate cancer can form a strong connection to a greater ejaculatory recurrence (Mumuni et al., 2023, pp. 2780). It has been noteworthy from Davids scenario that the client takes beer on weekends which is a potential behavioral determinant to acquire prostate cancer. In addition, the obesity condition of the patient together with the recent diagnosis of the type-2 diabetes condition can play a role as significant behavioral determinants to maximize the chances of developing the cancer. Diet can be considered another behavioral determinant for example; saturated fat from animals; soy and red meat have a strong connection to the process of prostate cancer. The diet of the patient does not seem well maintained as he is exposed to high cholesterol and fatty foods with bear usually. He avoids preparing healthy foods like salads or vegetables for him which is a major concern. It has also been obtained from the analysis that coffee and alcoholic beverages have a direct impact on prostate cancer (Shalliker et al., 2022, pp. 735). Although a protective role is played by coffee against health issues, alcoholic beverages act as potential risk factors to cause prostate cancer.
Application of the health promotion pillar to address Davids health circumstance
Following the Ottawa Charter Framework, the dimension of health orientation with regard to health services can be beneficial in David's scenario to carry out health promotion effectively for the management of his type-2 diabetes condition. The community nurse should opt for bringing systematic alterations within the health care services of the community by coordinating risk prevention and reduction along with carrying out extended-term diabetes management (Lin et al., 2021, pp. 66). For instance, the community nurse should develop a care plan and provide effective education to David by presenting physical activity and dietary information as well as skill building for type-2 diabetes management. As the patient is currently facing financial and unemployment issues, the community nurse must work to minimize vital medications' prices and enhance access to these drugs easily for the management of diabetes. As a part of primary healthcare, equal access should be provided to David in consideration of receiving health services and eliminate social, geographical, cultural, or economic obstacles associated with providing access to community healthcare (Canuto et al., 2019, pp.46). The nurse must also operate with the multidisciplinarygroup and develop a healthy diabetes care plan for David along with ensuring that the health plan constitutes measures that need to be followed by the patient for reducing the chances of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the nurse must work to deliver supervision and care on blood sugar self-monitoring's adoption, maintenance of diet log, exercise, and medication. It would be a key responsibility of the community nurse to deliver a health report of David on a weekly basis to the health professional, Dr. Swindle engaged in the care of the patient. Moreover, this should be shared with the family members of the client (Agide & Shakibazadeh, 2018, pp. 355). The effective health education and promotion plan set for David has the key motive to make sure the patient as well as his family knows well the effectiveness of choosing nutritious food, blood sugar self-monitoring, and regular exercise.
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