Instructions for the Major Project
Instructions for the Major Project
Dr. Dharma Hagare
This report needs to be completed in a group of 2 members (maximum). Details on how to from the groups will be posted on vUWS.
Report 1 (due in Week7)
1.1 Selection of well developed 10 ha (approx. 315 m x 315 m) urban land (the land can be of any shape).
Select a 10 ha (315 m x 315 m) area of a developed urban land. It could be in any of the urban areas within Australia. Ensure that this area contains both residential and commercial properties, and public park/ sports fields. As far as possible choose an area which has detached single dwelling residences (avoid choosing an area which has multi-dwelling (flats) residences).
Use can use Google Maps, Google Earth or Nearmaps to select the area. Use measure distance option to mark the area. Selected map must be included in the report. Also, include the coordinates of the four edges/ corners.
To determine the sub-catchments and the number of inlet points, you can use either google maps or Nearmaps. However, Nearmaps will give a better vertical profile. As such, use Nearmaps to get the vertical profile and then determine the number of catchments.
Using Google maps:
For the selected area, obtain the terrain layout. This can be done by left clicking the Menu button and then selecting the Terrain (Figure 1). Terrain layout can be used to work out the drainage lines of your selected urban land. Use the drainage lines to divide the area into sub-catchments, if necessary.
Fig.1. Location of Menu button in Google maps
As much as possible, please use Google maps. Use Nearmaps only for elevation profiles and work out the pervious and impervious fractions.
Using Google Earth:
You can obtain the contour map of your selected area using the Google Earth. Check the below YouTube video:
https://youtu.be/H41vGwOFuzEUsing Nearmaps:
More accurate elevation profiles can be obtained using the Nearmaps. As shown in Figure 2, you can use line tool to get the cross sectional vertical profiles. This may be repeated few times to get the drainage lines and then work out the inlet points for the catchment. At least 2 elevation profiles must be drawn (East-West and North-South). From these profiles determine the number of sub-catchments.
In the report include maps and vertical profiles of the terrain. At least two vertical profiles (one South-North and one East-West) must be included in the report. However, depending on the terrain, you may include more profiles.
Figure 2. Obtaining elevation profile using NearmapsUse WesternNow to request access to NearMaps (you need to be logged into WesternNow to access the below link):
https://wsu.service-now.com/kb_view.do?sysparm_article=KB0018150Number of residential and commercial properties: Identify and count the number of residential and commercial properties in the selected area. You must select an area that contains both residential and commercial properties.
Sub-catchments: Divide the catchment into a number of sub-catchments based on the geography of the site and number of inlets need to be included, and land use (residential/ commercial/ industrial/ institutional).
Estimate the pervious and impervious fractions for each of the sub-catchments using the Nearmaps.
For each residential sub-catchment select 5 residential properties (at random) and calculate the impervious/ pervious fraction.
For commercial/ institutional/ park/ forest/ sports field precinct consider this as a separate sub-catchment estimate the imperviousness for the entire sub-catchment.
Trouble shooting - Nearmaps:
Old browser may pose some problem while providing the elevation profile. When this occurs, you may use the new map browser. For details click on the following link:
https://docs.nearmap.com/display/ND/Elevation+profile+not+displaying+in+MapBrowser+Classic1.2 Collection of rainfall data and stormwater estimation.
Use MUSIC to estimate the total runoff that is generated from the area. Follow the instructions for using MUSIC software. Rainfall data for the MUSIC must be obtained from the nearest rainfall station. Rainfall data for the station can be obtained from www.bom.gov.au. Use the nearest station which can provide a minimum of 10 years of rainfall data. You must use daily data (that is, you cannot use monthly or yearly data). However, you may use 6 min or hourly data, if you are able to access the same.
In MUSICX, you can NOT import monthly evaporation data (you can only import daily evaporation data). If you have monthly data, you need manually enter the data through the input window. Check the relevant instructional video.
You can access online MUSIC manual:
MUSICX website: https://ewater.org.au/products/music/introducing-musicx/Please see here to download: https://toolkit.ewater.org.au/Tools/MUSICX/downloadsCommunity Forum: https://community.ewater.org.au/Online user guide: https://wiki.ewater.org.au/display/MX1/Getting+Started+with+MUSICXKnowledge base & Support: https://support.ewater.org.au/knowledgebase/topics/149668-products-music-xMUSICX launch YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G7DqqDPSxE&t=11sMUSIC Login: Your university email
Password: Welcome123 <you can change this password after the first login>
Compare the annual stormwater flow estimated using MUSIC with the rational formula. This must be done for each of the sub-catchments. Use the annual average rainfall (over 10 years same period as the ones used for MUSIC) to do the estimation. No need to use IFD charts and kinematic wave equation. C value can be taken from references based on the impervious/ pervious fractions.
In the report, you must summarise all the data using your own tables, figures and graphs. MUST NOT attach MUSIC output along with your report. This will not be checked by the marker. However, you should keep all the copies of MUSIC outputs. We may ask you to submit the outputs, if we think that we need to verify your results.
1.3 Identified stormwater quality and designed appropriate WSUD technologies.
Identify WSUD technologies that can be adopted for the urban area that is chosen. Students must use the lecture materials and relevant references materials.
For economic analysis, you may use the data that is included as part of MUSIC.
https://wiki.ewater.org.au/display/MD6/Life+Cycle+Costing+of+Treatment+MeasuresReport 2 (due in Week 14)
2.1 Provide a brief introduction to the area selected.
Provide the information as per the criteria.
2.2 Develop a water balance for the urban area.
Develop a water balance for the urban area (including the inflow and outflow of water into the urban centre). Use the water balance equations to describe the flow of water, in and out of the selected area.
Assuming each house would use 2 kL rainwater tank (RWT). Estimate the total water saving for the house and urban centre. RWT will supply water for laundry, toilets and outdoor use.
Estimate the irrigation water required for the public parks/ sports fields develop a stormwater harvesting system.
Present all the data using tables, figures and graphs. DO NOT attach MUSIC output along with the project report. Marker will not check the MUSIC output. However, you should keep all the copies of MUSIC outputs. We may ask you to submit the outputs, if we think that we need to verify your results.
2.3 Estimate the operational energy required and use OpenLCA to estimate the embodied energy.
OpenLCA Manuals: https://www.openlca.org/learning/#manualsOpen LCA is installed in the tutorial class computers. It is also available via virtual network access. Check the vUWS site for details. In addition, OpenLCA is a free software and hence, you can install it on your computer.
Develop a typical residential house design which satisfies BASIX (include BASIX certificate satisfying water rating in one of the appendices of your report).
Residential detached houses (including villas and townhouses) 4 bedroom double garage, double storey detached houses.
If there are units/ flats in your area you can use a typical 2 bedroom unit/flat design.
Use the information provided during relevant lectures/ tutorials to pass the targets for water, thermal comfort and energy.
Develop a typical commercial property design which can be used for retail shops such as convenience store, vegetable shop, etc. No need to obtain BASIX certificate for this design.
Use Open LCA to estimate the embodied energy. While the range of materials, structures, unit sizes are wide, simplification can be made by considering one of the residential and commercial units as an example, and assume that all other units are constructed with the same materials, size, and specifications; or by only including the main building components and elements. Considering a typical floor plan for the units, determine the quantity of materials required for main elements and components of the structure, and subsequently prepare the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) table. Follow the LCA steps to assume the scope, boundary, functional unit, etc., and then use OpenLCA to calculate the embodied energy for the property. Use Excel to compute all the quantities, similar to the one done for water. For calculating the embodied energy consider only the following items:
Envelope wall
Envelope Doors and Windows
Roof; and
Flooring (no need to consider the foundation).
Table 1. Materials used for walls, roof, doors, windows and flooring.
Building Element Brick veneer houses including villas and townhouses (detached) Flat/ unit (multi dwelling units) Commercial property
Envelope Wall Plasterboard Plasterboard Cement rendering
Timber stud framing with insulation Timber stud framing with insulation Concrete block
Cement mortar Cement mortar Clay bricks Clay bricks Envelope Windows Double glazing Double glazing Double glazing
Window frame (Aluminium) Window frame (Aluminium) Window frame (aluminium)
Blinds (plastic film) Blinds (Plastic film) Blinds (Plastic film)
Roof Plasterboard Plasterboard Plasterboard
Joist, engineering wood Joist, engineering wood Joist, engineering wood
Structural timber Structural timber Structural timber
Roof tile Roof tile Roof tile
Insulation (Rockwool) Insulation (Rockwool) Insulation (Rockwool)
Ground floor Fibre reinforced concrete Fibre reinforced concrete Fibre reinforced concrete
Cement mortar (Hand mixed) Cement mortar (Hand mixed) Cement mortar (Hand mixed)
Glued laminated timber, average glue mix Glued laminated timber, average glue mix Glued laminated timber, average glue mix
First floor Sawnwood, beam, hardwood, dried, planed Sawnwood, beam, hardwood, dried, planed Sawnwood, beam, hardwood, dried, planed
Structural timber (longitudinal and cross timber studs) Structural timber (longitudinal and cross timber studs) Structural timber (longitudinal and cross timber studs)
Plywood Plywood Plywood
Glued laminated timber, average glue mix Glued laminated timber, average glue mix Glued laminated timber, average glue mix
Doors Door, inner, wood Door, inner, wood Door, inner, wood
Joist, engineered wood Joist, engineered wood Joist, engineered wood
Estimate the operational energy required. Follow the lectures and tutorials covered in the relevant Weeks.
2.4 Design of sustainable transport taking residents to nearest railway stations: bus vs PMVs.
Calculate the $/km for both the options and GHG emissions
Analyse whether adequate pedestrian / bicycle paths have been created, km/ha.
2.5 Estimated the overall materials, energy requirements and GHG emissions for the urban centre over a period of 50 years.
Estimate the overall energy required to sustain the urban centre over a period of 50 years. Considering the amount of embodied and operational energy, estimate the overall energy over a period of 50 years. Assume the building lifetime of 50 years for the calculation of operational energy.
Develop a plan for carbon neutral suburb
2.6 Risk analysis.
Analyse the risk of using RWT water for domestic purposes. How does the water saving affect if health risks are considered, while calculating the water consumption for domestic purposes.
Identify risks of going 100% renewable energy and how these risks can be circumvented.
Include climate change mitigation strategies in your analysis.
2.7 Develop thought provoking conclusions and recommendations section.
Provide a succinct summary of all the data that was collected and analysed.
Compare per capita water and energy consumption, and carbon emission with the world averages.
Extend the calculations to the world population and discuss the impact on the resources.
Develop thought provoking conclusions and recommendations section. For example, how can we achieve carbon neutral suburbs?
Report writing:
Must follow the Engineering report writing format. Must include headings, sub-headings, sub-sub-headings, pictures, figures and tables, which are appropriately numbered as done in a journal article. All pictures, figures and tables must be referenced within the text. All references must be as per Harvard referencing style.
GUIDELINES FOR ENGINEERING PROJECT/ THESIS FORMATTING
Important. The formatting is the one that gives an immediate impression about your project report to the examiner. If you are after higher grade, you should take the formatting very seriously and follow the standard format, which is normally used for engineering report writing.
1. HEADING FORMATTING
1.1 Chapter heading:
Chapter 1
(First letter capital, bold, centred)
INTRODUCTION
(All capitals, bold, centred)
I Side Heading:
1.1 GENERAL (All capitals, bold, left aligned)
II Side Heading:
1.1.1 Problem Identification (First letter of every word capital, bold, left aligned)
III Side heading:
1.1.1.1 Problem statement (First letter of first word capital, bold, left aligned)
IV Side Heading:
Risk assessment. The risk... (First letter of first word capital, underline, no numbering, full stop and continue with the sentence)
You should arrange your headings within the above four levels.
In the case of I, II and III side headings leave one line blank on the top and one at the bottom.
Use auto feature of word to create table of content and multilevel headings for your document. Follow the below YouTube videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgwS6Y8wvMshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYdGlx8bFLI1.2. MAKING PARAGRAPHS
The paragraphs should as independent as possible. Dont assume that the reader have read previous chapters/paragraphs. You should always reference back if you think that the reader should know before understanding a particular sentence or sentences.
2. FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure headings should be always at the bottom, while the table headings should be at the top. All the figures and tables should be referenced within the text. For example, Table 2.1 shows the data collected. The Figure 2.1 shows the experimental setup used in this study. All the figures and tables should be numbered in the same order as they are referenced. Each tables and figures will have two numbers, first number will represent chapter number. For example, in Table 2.1, the first digit represents that the table in Chapter 2. Horizontally centre the tables and figures.
Samples:
Table 2.1 Sample data for demonstration
Item Entry Exit
Joe
Harry 2:30
3:30 3:30
4:30
Figure 2.1 Microscope used for the experiments
Use auto feature of word to create table and figure numbers automatically; you can follow this video:
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBF_enAU808AU808&sxsrf=ALeKk02VLkaZkLPdX6Fx72uhkYZHgVYHRw%3A1591144276790&ei=VO_WXoXaL8vl9QPLv6yIDA&q=auto+numbering+of+figures+and+tables+in+word+2016&oq=automatic+numbering+of+figures+and+tables+in+word+2016&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMggIIRAWEB0QHjoECAAQRzoGCAAQFhAeUKb_B1iViwhgg5sIaABwAXgAgAGBAogBpweSAQUwLjQuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXo&sclient=psy-ab#kpvalbx=_3O_WXs2HFIH39QPLnaqgAg263. UNITS
Always use SI units. Always use the standard symbols for all the units. Some of the common units and the corresponding standard units are given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1. List of common units and corresponding symbols
Unit Symbol Unit Symbol Unit Symbol
Litre
Metre
Centimetre
Millimetre L
m
cm
mm Day
Minute
Second
Hour d
min
s
hr REFERENCES
While quoting citations in the text, always use the authors last name and the date of publications. For example: Whitefield (1992); Whitefield and Randall (1992). If the number of authors are more than three then use et. al. For example: Whitefield et. al. (1992). Also, there are two ways of quoting the citations in the text:
The experimental data presented by Whitefield (1992) depicts drastic deterioration of water quality with respect to time..
The experimental data presented in the literature (Whitefield, 1992) depicts drastic deterioration of water quality with respect to time..
You should reference all the material which you have obtained from the literature.
Always follow Harvard style referencing (a copy of this guide is available on the library website you should be able to download it)
Also, use EndNote or any other referencing archiving software to collect your references and quote in the document. Again, EndNote is available for download from the Library website.
