JOHN HOWARDS GOVERNMENT CHANGES IN AUSTRALIA
JOHN HOWARDS GOVERNMENT CHANGES IN AUSTRALIA
Students name: Shontelle Coaldrake
Student ID: 220230990
Annotated Bibliography
Redden, Guy. "John Howards investor state: Neoliberalism and the rise of inequality in Australia."Critical Sociology45, no. 4-5 (2019): 713-728.
Guys article focuses on how John Howards government created an investor state. By the term investor state, he refers to an expensive approach of tax cuts and subsidies for investors. Consequently, the creation of an investor stateledto neoliberalism andchangedthe welfare systems that the previous government had established. Furthermore, this redirected the state support toindividuals with the capital, investors,rather thanthose who needed it the most. The influence of neoliberal ideas leads to global order and food trade among various jurisdictions.Neoliberalism refers to an approach that creates free market capitalism andderegulation. To advance his neoliberalism style, John Howard introduced regressive taxation. The neoliberal policy centers around business and income tax cuts. For this reason, the prime minister introduced tax reforms. Although Guy acknowledges that neoliberalism is a flexible and adaptive pattern of reform, this political approach has also been proven to lead to socioeconomic inequality.
Rowse, Tim. "How John Howard positioned himself as indigenous Australia's champion."ANU Historical Journal II2 (2020): 169-194.
The article outlines how John Howard projected himself as a sympathizer of indigenous Australians.Rowse states that the Prime Minister should not have been taken for his word. Howard reconciled his government by doing the following: amending the commonwealth act, retaining the ATSIC, and revising, rather than removing the Regulation of indigenous corporations. When Howard took office in 1996, his first budget included government cuts on appropriation to ATSIC. He sought to improve Australian public life practically. Furthermore, John Howard introduced a new moral agenda which led to post-modernconservativism. Consequently, undermining conservativesvalues.AlthoughJohn Howards was a conservative government, it led to a shift in the mood of the nation. Howard had presented himself as compassionate to the sufferings and plight of indigenous people but did not do much to address their issues.
NMA. John Howard. National Museum Australia. 2022. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/prime-ministers/john-howard
The webpage looks into the governance of John Howard as the Prime Minister. It outlines the various reforms in taxation and industrial relations brought about by John Howards governance. For example, during his governance, Howard implementedlegislation toeliminate the need for trade union membership forworkers. The legislation allowed for workplace agreementsbetween employees and employers. Besides, he made reforms in the taxation system by introducing the GST. Also, following the terrorist attack in theUS,Howard implemented policies to improve the domestic and regional security of Australia. Therefore, the National Museum of Australia outlines the significant contributions of John Howard during his eleven-year tenure.
NAA. John Howard: during office. National Archives of Australia. 2022. https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/australias-prime-ministers/john-howard/during-office#privatisation-of-telstra
The website outlines Howards key achievements from 1996 to 2007. It presents facts about the prime minister,including before office, during elections, and office.It outlines some of the significant contributions of the Prime Ministers governance in economic reformsand foreign policy. For example, Howard led to the privatization of Telstra. Furthermore,the Workplace Relations Act 1996 created a basis for which John Howard changed industrial relations to support employer-employee bargaining. Also,he made significant tax forms through the introduction of GST to address the inadequacy of government revenue.The website outlines some of the effective programs introduced by the government, such as nationwide gun control and a backup scheme to respond to mass shootings. The reforms and changes brought about by Howard during his tenure were immense.
Essay Outline
Introduction
As Australias Prime Minister, John Howard made notable reforms in various sectors. On March 11, 1986, John Winston Howard became the 25th Prime Minister of Australia. He served Australiaas the Prime ministertill December 2007. The prime Minister systematically worked with his government to address Australias various issues. John Howards governors lead to significant economic,tax, and foreign policy reforms.
Paragraph 1
John Howards government contributed to significant economic reforms in Australia.
Howard created a new tax system through the introduction of GST.Australian Democrats are the group of individuals who demanded changes to tax laws, especially theGST bills.
The taxreforms were aimed at addressing the issue of inadequacy of government revenue.
Moreover, the economys health was a significant priority for the Howard government.
Through Howards economic reforms, unemployment in Australia so from 8% to 5% in 2005.
Paragraph 2
The Prime Ministers reforms in industrial relations are profound.
Firstly, hisgovernment eliminated the need for union membership and created a direct employer-employee bargaining system.This was made possible through the Workplace Relationships Act.
Secondly, Howard created a privatized and competitive market for service providers. This was made possible by replacing the Commonwealth Employment Service.
He also introduced unfair dismissal laws, which protected employees from unfair termination of their employment without a justified reason.
Paragraph 3
His governance established foreign policiesto improve national security and international relations.
Howardresponded to the international crisis during 9/11 tostrengthen national security.
Thegovernment developed these responses to address the rising asylum-seeker arrivals.In the 21st century, illegal immigration is a significant issue in the country. Therefore, Howard developed a strict immigration policy banning boatrefugees.
He also responded effectively to issues such as that in East Timor,involving Indonesian groups.
Furthermore,Howard andhis governmentcreatedvariousdiplomacies, such asAsiafirst, which involved integrating Australias foreign policy.
In thewar in Iraq in2003, the Prime Minister contributed Australian troops.
Moreover, John Howard also contributed to environmental reforms. He ensured environmental protection by privatizing Telstra.Therefore, by partially selling Telstra, he was able to fund environmental protection.
Paragraph 4
Howards governance led to inequalityin the country.
According to Guys article, John Howards governance led to the rise of inequalityin the countryby supportingneoliberal policies.
Howards governance created an investor state which mainlybenefited those withcapital.
Since the 2007 reforms brought about by Howard, the wealthy have been able to build up more capital and have been able to transfer assets from taxable sources. Through the regressive retirement scheme, individuals with spare cash could be able to accumulate capital tax-free.
Conclusion
In conclusion, John Howards reforms changed Australia for the better. Although some individuals argue that his policies were destructive and plagued the country, they, for the most part, led to improved governance efficiencies.First, Howard led reforms in the economic sector by introducing a new tax system.Secondly, hemade labor relations reformsby eliminating the need for labor unions. Thirdly, he improved international relations and strengthened national security by implementing policies to reduce illegalimmigration and foreign policies to support international relations. Therefore, Howards policies and regulations led to major reforms in theconsumer, housing, and employment fields.
Bibliography
NAA. John Howard: during office. National Archives of Australia. 2022. https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/australias-prime-ministers/john-howard/during-office#privatisation-of-telstra
NMA. John Howard. National Museum Australia. 2022. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/prime-ministers/john-howard
Redden, Guy. "John Howards investor state: Neoliberalism and the rise of inequality in Australia."Critical Sociology45, no. 4-5 (2019): 713-728.
Rowse, Tim. "How John Howard positioned himself as indigenous Australia's champion."ANU Historical Journal II2 (2020): 169-194.
Wallace, Chris. "The 2001 Cabinet papers in context." National Archives of Australia (2021).
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