NON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING GROUP REPORT

NON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING GROUP REPORT

GROUP MEMBERS: HANEEN THAHER (22055262), MOHAMMED KHAZZAM (20677901), MICHELLE MOGHARREBIN (22061825), OMRAN EL MASRI (2067866). JANAH HMAYDAN (22061739), KAREEM ZINI (20569916)

Executive Summary

The group members' report provides the client with a detailed analysis of the completed civil groundwork, an evaluation of the proposed dwelling, extensive research on the materials and strategies used to construct the buildings, and management strategies to aid in the project's completion.The report is broken into two sections: primary and secondary proposals. The main plan details everything from how the site will be prepared for construction to the finishing and skirting that will be used in the final stages. Each of these phases contains a description and explanation of the critical task that must be completed. The second proposal is concerned with the building schedule and budget. A computer-aided drafting model will also be given to help.

2. Introduction

This study thoroughly examines and evaluates a substantial development project on vacant land in Albury, NSW. We will serve as a consultant to the project's customer, guiding them towards their planned development goal. This project will encompass the processes required for the planning, construction, and management of this development. In addition, we will recommend major and secondary jobs for the real construction procedure. The report will also incorporate thorough research, making it credible and reputable. This project's work was accomplished by distributing it among the group members to expedite completion, which required the cooperation of each member. A computer-aided design model will be included to help the client understand the finished home.

3. Construction Proposal Primary

3.1 Civil Works

Figure 1

Our plans for the development were communicated to the surrounding area and any existing structures before work ever started. The local wildlife was also attempted to be controlled in conformity with the legislation established by the Council.

It will be much easier for all of the artisans working on the restoration in Albury to access supplies and store things that have been provided by the contractor after the old building has been demolished and the land leveled. It will also be much simpler for them to keep supplied items after the old building has been demolished and the ground has been leveled. This is something that will be true both while the restoration is underway and once it is completed. They will be able to save a significant amount of time as a direct result, allowing them to accomplish more in the allocated amount of time. The Sydney Surveyors will supply the limitations that have been established together with data regarding the compactness of the soil to ensure that the work is done correctly and stays within the designated area. By remaining inside the designated area, this will be achieved. We are going to explore the area and gather as much information as we can realistically manage by employing drones in place of laser levels. Being as detailed as we can is our aim. As a consequence, we will be able to understand the problem we are facing better.

A basic understanding of how these parts are arranged is given by the site plan, which is shown in Figure 1. There will be a range of features on the land itself; Figure 1 depicts the land layout. This information should be readily available to staff members and patrons alike so they may quickly navigate the different areas of the establishment. In order to facilitate the prompt collection of any potentially hazardous material, Bingo material has placed barrel bins at a designated trash disposal facility located near the site entrance. This is carried out to enable the prompt pickup of any trash. This is done in an effort to streamline and boost the efficiency of any potential rubbish accumulation's quick collection. To guarantee that the site is risk-free and unaffected by any potential dangers, Kennards Hire installed a temporary fence around the whole perimeter of the structure. This was something that Kennards Hire performed to safeguard its clients. For usage with equipment that requires electricity but is situated in a place without permanent lines, Kennards Hire can supply generators. Where permanent lines are not available, these generators can be put to use. There is a chance that these generators will be used in places without permanent wire access. These generators can be used to provide electricity to the necessary equipment to keep it running, even in situations where permanent wiring is not available. In order to keep all of the project's required paperwork arranged and easily accessible in one place, including insurance and certificate assurances, Aconex will be used.

When it comes to environmental management, the "Erosion & Sediment Control Guidelines for Building Site" must be strictly adhered to. This comprises, but is not restricted to, the subsequent: There will be a sediment control fence erected on the lower portion of the land.

Permitting drainage around the building and any possibly unstable batters

Giving a general overview of the soil to gauge its strength while working on it

Environmental regulators will routinely inspect these control mechanisms to ensure that all necessary steps are followed to safeguard the surrounding ecosystem.

When it comes to construction activities, Caterpillar provides the following vehicles: excavators and bulldozers for moving soil; tippers for disposing of outside materials on the job site; cement mixers and pavers for laying the job's foundation.

3.2 Footing Systems And Foundations

To transfer loads from the superstructure of the warehouse to the ground, substructures are required for the development.

Figure 2

As the first and most crucial stage in building any foundation, get the proper type of earth, so make sure you do that before you begin. Following the analysis, it was concluded that the material's high level of reactivity placed it in the "H1" (Highly Reactive) category. The Australian Standard 2870-2011, "Site Classification: Residential Slabs and Footings," was studied before a decision was reached about the site's classification (JMP Developments 2016). One tactic to deal with particularly changing soil is to construct a conventional slab's footings system as a Class "H1" and bury any outside beams at least 300 mm below the earth's surface. This will enable the soil to sustain the building more effectively. This is one method that could be used when working with dirt that is extremely unstable. The house's footings provide support for the structure and bear the weight of the building all the way to the foundation.

It is critical to assess the uneven elevations of the sites, which can be resolved by first slicing the ground and then, once the slicing process is over, filling the created spaces with earth. The uneven heights of the sites can then be adjusted after this is finished. There will be fill components in this project, and those will be finished in the most effective way as assessed by the subject area specialists. And which of the concrete and concrete block retaining walls will be strong enough to endure the strain coming from the side?

That area will see the construction of reinforced concrete beams or piers, which will act as a source of support for the concrete blocks above the underground parking. The investigation's findings indicate that the piers must be constructed at least 600 mm below the current ground level.

A substantial quantity of concrete will be needed to build the project's footings and foundations in an appropriate and accurate manner. It has been decided that the company supplying the concrete for the project would be Krautz & Summerill Pty Ltd, which has its main office in North Albury. It is critical to pay close attention to the cost as well as the estimated delivery time for the concrete. When it comes to performing concrete work in the more remote regions of New South Wales and Victoria, Krautz & Summerill is the company that is thought to be the most reputable and well-known overall (Krautz & Summerill 2020). The reason for this is that Krautz & Summerill has been in business for almost a century. Because Krautz & Summerill has been in operation for more than a century, this is the reason behind this.

3.3 Wall Systems

Precast concrete panels have the capacity to be cast at a location separate from the construction site, thereafter transported to the intended site, and subsequently elevated into position. Additionally, it has the capability to be poured at the construction site and then lifted. Precast concrete can be utilised in the construction of floors, walls, and roofs in many types of buildings. The precast concrete panels are scheduled to be built, shipped, and set up by HMR Constructions. In addition, they will have the responsibility for the construction of the formwork, establishment of the building foundation, and execution of the footing system. The installation and elevation of the wall will be carried out using a mobile crane, in accordance with the specifications outlined in the Australian standard AS 3850-2003.

Figure 3

Tilt up walls have many advantages economically, are time efficient, extreme durability and weather and fire proof and are easy to maintain.

1. Tilt-Up construction is cheaper than other methods for similar structures. A qualified crane and rigging crew is essential in areas where the Tilt-Up project requires expert design and construction.

2. From floor slab laying, panel installation and building shell completion are quick and simple compared to other methods.

3. Tilt-up structures are very durable and this is shown from the early construction of tilt up many decades ago and still are in great condition. They are designed to last a minimum of 100 years.

4. Concrete is highly recommended when it comes to safety against fire resistance as it can absorb a lot of the heat and also protects against many different weather conditions.

5. This method reduced material consumption and maintenance expenses. A new coat of paint every couple of years varies depending on the environment its in.

6. Aesthetics: The utilization of prefabricated concrete structures within a regulated manufacturing setting allows for the incorporation of various color and texture combinations. There is a diverse selection of shapes and sizes to pick from, which include flawless finishing, hence enhancing the visual appeal of the items.

7. Safe construction platforms minimise the requirement for on-site raw material storage in precast concrete buildings. This strategy reduces the need for conventional formworks and props, reduces waste, reduces personnel numbers, and creates a safe working environment.

Disadvantages1. A constraint associated with precast constructions is the inherent difficulty in making modifications to the structure. In the event that structural precast concrete walls have to be disassembled for the purpose of alteration, it will have a consequential effect on the overall stability of the building.

2. Precisely built tilt-up walls provide issues on some project sites. This architectural design has several benefits, but worksite circumstances may restrict its efficiency. Using on-site casting panels demands a large, even-topped workstation. Precast members are hefty and difficult to handle without damage. Most precast members are handled by portable or tower cranes. Panels can be cast on level ground near the construction site and craned. However, this process is not ideal and may need panel stacking during casting.

3. The modification of precast concrete structures post-construction might provide challenges. Improper installation has the potential to result in several issues.

This task calls for the mobile crane. Depending on the position and length of the boom, cranes may lift anywhere from 10 to 400 tones. These cranes have a height capability of more than 80 meters. Mobile Liebherr LTM 1100-5.2 cranes can lift a hundred tones. Tilt-Up construction requires less material shaping since just the openings and perimeter need formwork. After one to two weeks, the wall panels are sturdy enough to be hoisted by a mobile crane and set into place on the site's already-prepped foundations.

Figure 4: Types of mobile cranes and their operations, Constro Facilitator. Available at: https://constrofacilitator.com/types-of-mobile-cranes-and-their-operations/ (Accessed: 02 October 2023).

Tilt-up processThis step includes:

1. Concrete blocks are tilted up and placed to form a building's exterior in tilt-up construction. These panels are created on-site using wooden forms, steel bars, and concrete. Shapes are painstakingly carved, and rebar is cut to meet end patterns.

2. Pour and finish the concrete into the specified forms. A waiting time of about one week to ten days is required for the concrete to undergo sufficient strengthening.

3. Since the wall was formed on the job there is no need for transportation.

4. Once the concrete parts have had enough time to harden, cranes are used to lift the tilt-up panels into place. In order to move the panels, wires are hooked up to them. The steps are to wrap the panels in a protective shell and lift each crane panel one at a time, then put them on their prepped supports. These panels make up the outside walls of the building. Continue putting Buildings A, B, C, and D in order step by step until all of the Panels are in the right place.

5. All braces should now be removed and if any problems occurred they will be solved and repaired while the roof is being places on.1552450-12382413918572967038552450

Figure 5: Tilt up construction (2023) Foundry Commercial. Available at: https://www.foundrycommercial.com/story_room/tilt-up-construction/ (Viewed 02 October 2023).

Most tilt-up wall panels work with the roof and/or floor structure to withstand all forces. So they're termed load-bearing walls. The ceilings and floors are usually fastened to steel plates using screws with heads tightened into the forms before pouring the concrete.There are several methods to link panels and concrete. Bending dowel bars or threaded plugs into the panel during concrete pouring are examples. Another option is to attach dowel bars to concrete blocks. Linking the panel to plates or angles cast into the panel and floor slab is another option. A combination of these procedures may create the linkages you seek.

Grout columns, hollow core slabs, or bolting or welding plates put into the concrete during casting link the panels. Full-connected joints may be sealed with caulking to prevent the building's shell from coming apart and steel connections from rusting. For waterproofing, the components are assembled in sequence with a tiny gap and glued together. DensostripTM seals precast concrete structures such as box culverts, manholes, inspection rooms, shafts, tunnels, and pipe sections to keep water out. Densostrip is simple to apply by hand and seals well in any weather or place. Flexibility is crucial when choosing a joint filler to move with the wall as it grows and compresses. It must fit properly into the concrete to keep water out. Grout columns constructed into hollow core slabs or concrete-cast plates connect the panels. Welded chord bar splices or steel ledger connecting are popular ceiling and floor panel connections. Full-connected joints may be sealed with caulking to prevent the building's shell from coming apart and steel connections from rusting. This connector ensures a continuous wall connection. This mitigates roof and floor diaphragm side pressures on the wall. This connection ensures a continuous relationship along a wall. This protects the wall from ceiling and floor diaphragm side pressures.

Some of the things that might affect the arrangement are the following:

Location: The location of a project is a crucial factor in assessing the practicality of tilt wall construction vs precast concrete building.

Site Limitations: To make tilt walls on-site, you need a place to cast the concrete and let it cure. Since precast is hardened and made at a factory and then moved, there aren't many restrictions on where it can be used.

Budget: Both methods save money in different ways. Installation costs are cheaper with precast than with other building ways. And, like concrete, tilt wall can keep costs down while meeting a tight timeline.

Construction Sequencing: If prefabricated walls are not load-bearing, steel may be put before them. This precast wall panel does not require bracing. Direct welding to the steel frame is possible. Tilt walls are built before steel and need bracing till the steel frame is built. Putting tilt wall bracing inside allows contractors to work and manoeuvre. Installing supports outside the tilt walls allows contractors to operate normally. Both systems need foundations before building walls.

Schedule: Precast concrete is made in sites that control quality and have their own batch plants. It needs to be transported to the job site. But most general builders working in the data centre space today can easily arrange the design, casting, and shipping of the precast in a fast manner. On the other hand, tilt walls can be changed as the project goes along, which shortens the time it takes to build them.

Structure: Both approaches need extra parts to create the building. A tilt wall employs steel goods. Steel may be utilised with precast concrete wall panels. However, precast walls allow for a complete precast concrete construction with columns, beams, floors, and roofs. More time and money savings are possible with this option.

Building Size: Tilt wall panels are only restricted by building size and form and may be broader than precast. Less panel raising means less construction equipment and labour for repairing and caulking. Hauling width limitations control precast in each jurisdiction. Precast can transport 15 panels with tilt racks.

Prior to raising a panel, it is advisable to use temporary pipe braces. The purpose of pipe bracing is to maintain the stability of columns by preventing them from toppling over. The need for two bracings per panel is attributed to both the specific location and the magnitude of wind loads, as well as the characteristics of the panel itself. While one person assumes the responsibility of securing the brace, another worker proceeds to drill a hole of appropriate dimensions for the post-installed insert, which will subsequently fasten the bracelet to the floor slab.

3.4 Roofing Systems

3.4.1. Main and mezzanine roof

Figure 6

According to the roof plan, the roof of this warehouse has a one degree pitch and is made of colourbond steel as shown in the design, and the mezzanines will also be incorporated which will be low-cost and reasonable and fairly light. In order to keep the roof sturdy and together, it is advised that the roof must have cross-bracing. The cross-bracing will limit the buildings movement, reducing the likelihood of damage and destruction of building components. The universal steel beam will have to be fitted by someone. For the floor and roof connections, usually steel plates with headed studs that slide into the framework are used before the appliance of concrete. After the wall was secured into the slab, the universal beam seems to have been fastened into the wall using a pre-existing connection point on the wall. Following that, a roofing screw is used to secure the roof to the beam. Due to the sheet's dimension being 700m per sheet, it is crucial to create the supporting size to match the sheets dimension. The roof or floor diaphragm must be connected in order to construct a Tilt-Up home, which is typically done by a ledger that secures the wall panel. Either before casting or after the conference is built, someone qualified will secure the log to bolts cast into the board or solder it to plates cast into the board. The importance of wall anchoring to the roof structure is highly critical, especially with the extended requirements for this anchorage and construction rules and regulations becoming way stricter than ever before.

3.4.2. Over awning/pergola

The floor connections and the roof are made up of embedded plates with headed studs or reinforcing bars. Most frequently, connections for roof and floor components are cast into the wall and just need to be bolted or welded to the panel. The joist and joist girder links, deck bearing angle connections, beam connections, and brace support connections are roof and floor linkages that cross the roof or floor panel. Joist girders and steel beams at the rear of the panel are welded to a fixed and certain location at the rear of the panel by shear plates that are projecting from the installed attachment, placed on an embedded plate or angle in a beam pocket, or holding up at a support angle. Commonly, the steel bar joists are fastened to the frame along the edge of the frame or at the bearing pockets. At this stage, welded or bolted to the bar joists are fixed steel plates.

3.5 Suspended Floor Systems and Stairs

The floor system of the development will incorporate LYSAGHT's BONDEK, a suspended concrete slab that serves as a permanent formwork and reinforcement for the concrete. This clever solution not only saves money on concrete and reinforcement costs but also offers great efficiency and a speedier fit-out procedure. The same principle can be applied to the car park and mezzanine flooring systems, ensuring consistency and effectiveness throughout the project. One of the key advantages of using BONDEK is its slip-free embossments and ribs, strategically placed at 200mm intervals. These features provide a safer working platform during the assembly and pouring of the concrete, enhancing the overall construction process. Additionally, BONDEK offers impressive fire resistance, withstanding fire for up to 240 minutes. This adds an extra layer of safety and peace of mind. To ensure a secure attachment to the foundation, BONDEK is affixed using shear studs, which are then covered with steel wire mesh reinforcements. Once the wire mesh is in place, concrete is poured onto the BONDEK for casting, creating a strong and durable composite slab. This technique can be applied not only to the car park but also to the warehouse and mezzanine floors, making it a versatile and practical solution for various areas of the development. Furthermore, the accessibility of BONDEK is a major advantage, as suppliers are conveniently located near the project in Albury. This proximity ensures a smooth and efficient supply chain, minimizing delays and maximizing productivity. Overall, the use of BONDEK in the floor system of the development offers numerous benefits, including cost savings, efficiency, safety, fire resistance, and accessibility. It's a smart choice that contributes to the success and quality of the construction project.

3.6 Fit-out

CMEC PTY LTD will use a variety of technologies and materials to finish this building and make it habitable for residents. CMEC PTY LTD will demonstrate a framework for connecting the wall systems, floor systems, and HVAC systems to the structure.9525110620383124200985453

For this structure, we chose high mass walls as the wall solution. High-mass walls are structures made completely of thick materials, such as today's brick, block, and poured concrete walls. This article focuses on alternatives to these common versions, all of which have low R-values and a high embodied energy and are frequently used today. These walls are environmentally friendly, affordable, and do not leave any detrimental residue. These walls also help to limit the transfer of heat, keeping your home warm in the winter and cool in the summer. The utilization of thermal mass in the exterior and interior walls has a considerable impact on the temperature within.

For these buildings, a concrete slab will be part of the floor system, as described above in the floor systems and materials section. The building's foundations will be made of concrete slabs. This will make the installation of the floor system more efficient and less time-consuming. Concrete slabs also provide thermal comfort by absorbing and reradiating the low heat of the sun in the winter. Concrete will be used to reinforce these slabs, increasing their strength and stability.

The Mezzanines will have grate flooring. They are made of steel and are perfect for mezzanines because they give strength and stability. Steel is known for its durability and corrosion resistance, and it can be organised in horizontal or vertical lines.

The offices in this building will have solid wood floors. These floors are commonly used in office buildings as new sorts of timber flooring. Suspended timber can be used, although it is old and prone to deterioration. Unlike carpenter flooring, they are straightforward to install and maintain. Quality wood can last for over a century. Natural wood flooring is also a green alternative because it is not only more energy-efficient than other surfaces, but it also requires less energy to manufacture. Many Australian timber floors are environmentally friendly since they are manufactured from lumber from sustainably managed Australian forests.

HVAC Systems

It is vital in non-residential buildings to have good circulation, keep the facility warm and cool throughout the seasons, and keep items at the right temperature. By controlling temperature, humidity, and air quality, HVAC systems help to maintain a comfortable interior environment for both people and equipment in buildings. HVAC packages are the most common type of non-residential building application since they require less space and integrate both heating and cooling systems in one area with a single pump.1619251895475

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These packages are typically found on top of buildings, making them easier to store than on the sides. These are typically utilized when there is insufficient space within a structure to accommodate this inside, thus it is placed on the outside. They are primarily used by businesses and commercial buildings that demand a large amount of internal space. Packaged units are likewise annoying and loud. This is why it is vital to keep them and keep them on the outside of the structure.

4. Construction Proposal Secondary

4.1 Budget

The total budget for this building is $2,872,921.392 aud

Each m^3 for the buildings will cost 990 x the country loading in this case its (103) =$1019

Building Size (m^3) Price per m^3 ($) Total price

A 340 1019 346,460

B 200 1019 203,800

C 230 1019 234,370

D 1090 1019 1,110,710

Parking lot outside is approximately 1860m^3 x $91.67 ( price for outside parking lot per m^3)= $170,506.2.

Underground parking approximately 259m^3x$1611.95 (price for underground parking per m^3)=$494,690

All the prices above equal to 2,560,536 and then+ $3600 for crane hire + 2% profit + 10% for gst = $2,876,521.392.

4.2 Time Schedule

The time schedule summarizes the complete construction project. It describes the processes used from the tendering step through the final handover stage. It is expected to last 206 working days, excluding the Christmas and New Year's holidays.

4.3 Project Delivery Method

Most construction projects acquire their own project delivery approach and have their own process by which the project is organised, managed, and accomplished and finalised, as well as the project's overall performance. Furthermore, it suggests the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved.

For this project, it is recommended that we use a construction management contract, also known as a cost-plus engagement. This means that the owner pays the fixed cost for the entire project, plus an additional fee to the construction manager that is liable and accountable for that projects progress. The owner selects a project manager and other individuals who will be required for consultation throughout this type of contract alteration. After the design depiction of the project is finished, a construction manager will be recruited to help with the projects design development. A general foreman oversees the projects site work, and a couple of carpenters and labourers too to aid with sections of the work and what is relevant to them, alongside quantity surveyors who review expenses and fees on a regular basis and are responsible for most cost related matters. The client will be the one responsible for reimbursing the workers, subcontractors and suppliers. A construction management contract has benefits such as the projects maximum cost being pre-determined and fixed, the construction manager being able to be engaged before the design has been completed, which allows for a more flexible availability,

4.4 Specifications

Tilt Up Panel

Upon careful consideration of all available alternatives and a thorough examination of the prevailing conditions, it has been determined that the installation of tilt-up walls will be necessary. The use of tilt-up panels as the primary wall system and construction technique for Building D and the mezzanine office is required by the material's basic characteristics along with its advantages. Tilt-up panels are recognized for their robustness and versatility, making them well-suited to withstand the diverse weather patterns prevalent in Albury. The use of tilt-up panels in Albury might be beneficial given the prevailing soil conditions, provided that the panels are well bonded with reinforced concrete. Tilt-Up panels provide a highly efficient, aesthetically pleasing, and long-lasting solution that maintains its intended shape over an extended period of time. This task can only be executed in a professional manner, necessitating the engagement of an authorized subcontractor to do all necessary activities.

Qualities:

In-place construction is more cost-effective for fast-track delivery than off-site precasting techniques. With low initial investment and moderate building costs, tilt-up structures provide long-term durability, quick construction, and minimum upkeep. Premix concrete is much more affordable, faster, and simpler to acquire as a consequence of the application of this strategy. There are also less panels to build and reduced manpower requirements. The majority of the work is installed on the ground since it is more convenient and offers better safety precautions. Aesthetics in architecture A comprehensive choice of designs, interior and external wall treatments, adornments, and colours are accessible with tilt-up construction, and even curved walls may be accommodated. This enables the creation of structures that are both enduring and aesthetically beautiful. A ground team is in charge of checking the correctness and preparedness of the site before moving forwards with the additional concrete filling process, which helps in efficiently closing the gap. Qualified crane operators carry out the lifting process.

Quantities and Proportions:

The major structural component used in the architectural layout of the warehouse will be the tilt-up panel. The whole project cost includes the entirety of the building walls, including Building D, as well as the outside walls of the mezzanine office. In order to expedite the building, process The panels will be produced by both on-site manufacturing and precast fabrication methods. One notable benefit associated with the use of precast concrete in the building of a warehouse is the capacity to include specific design elements and features. In addition to being reinforced with steel rebar, precast concrete products undergo a controlled curing process to optimize the setting of the concrete under optimal circumstances, hence enhancing its strength. For the purpose of ensuring a seamless building process, it is essential that the subcontractor authorized by the relevant authorities adheres to appropriate planning and diligently follows the prescribed stages for delivery.

Method of Preparation and Execution

VENEERED CONSTRUCTION,

Don't employ veneered construction until given the go light.

If veneered building is permitted, then take precautions to prevent veneer delamination. Units that have been veneered may be rejected if the veneer was not applied when the base material was still plastic.

From protection to fortification Any coatings or other surface treatments that alter the unit's thermal or chemical qualities are not included in the required protection. Reinforcement must not be positioned at the interface between layers if a facing layer is allowed to be part of the cover.

Units of Handling Capacity: 3

Precautions: Without instructions to the contrary, do not lift or support units anywhere else than the designated spots. To avoid stressing or warping the units, use gentle handling techniques.

When designing hoists, make sure that the working load is at least 1.65 times the maximum static load computed at that moment, and that the ultimate load is at least 4 times the maximum static load.

Attachments: No holes or other temporary fixes should be made on the outside of units for lifting or other purposes without prior clearance. Lifting hardware like ferrules and other cast-in fittings may be sealed with a plug after being recessed. After assembly, take down any makeshift fasteners and fill any remaining holes or cracks.

Preserve the integrity of the storage containers and keep them from being discoloured or broken.

Requirement: Install the precast pieces in their final spots as precisely as possible. Provide all required hardware, supplies, and parts. Fixtures, bracing, shims, jointing strips, sealer, flashings, grout, mortar, and other temporary fixes.

Reinforced Flooring and Concrete Structures

With reinforced concrete, our project will be able to have a strong floor and a great base that won't be easy to damage or break. This method will also be used to build the loft and floors. The concrete mixture will be able to hold big weights and look good with its concrete finish. Bondek, a suspended concrete slab system, will be used as a fixed formwork and concrete support as part of the floor system of the building. All of the concrete that is poured will land on the BONDEK platform, so it is useless concrete and won't get into the basement parking area. It is a highly praised formwork tool that makes building easier and faster. This makes the process of putting down a concrete block faster and more efficient while using the least amount of concrete possible to make a strong, long-lasting finish. The same method can be used to build the attic and floors, so the concrete mixture can hold big loads and still look good with a concrete finish.

Qualities:

BONDEK is a durable structural steel system that serves as a permanent formwork, reinforcement, and ceiling solution for concrete slabs. The structural decking and ceiling system for concrete slabs is characterised by its efficiency, versatility, and robustness. The formwork product in question is well recognised and esteemed for its ability to enhance construction efficiency and expedite the building process. The structural integrity of the material is enhanced by its exceptional spanning capabilities, resulting in increased strength and reduced deflection. The aforementioned is a variant of profiled steel sheeting that facilitates enhanced efficiency and expeditious construction processes, often used in the construction of tall structures. The BONDEK system has significant importance in the context of the subject matter. The usage of this technique facilitates the uniform distribution of concrete throughout the pouring process, hence providing optimal coverage and minimising any potential material loss.

Bondek has exceptional spanning capabilities, resulting in enhanced structural integrity and reduced deflection. The use of permanent formwork, which needs minimum propping and eliminates the need for stripping the formwork face, is observed. The installation process is rapid and straightforward. In vertical prop applications, it is common practise to use wood or steel bearers with a minimum cross-sectional size of 75mm x 75mm. The installation of supports is necessary to mitigate settling caused by the application of wet concrete and other construction loads. Shear studs are used to transfer weight from the concrete to the steel by means of welding them through the floor and into the beam. Shear studs are used in the structural reinforcement of framed structures, facilitating the establishment of a tension connection between steel and concrete components. In general, this approach enhances the tensile stress experienced by the flooring when subjected to a load, hence reducing the risk of cracking or displacement over an extended period of time. To optimise the outcomes, the project will use shear studs.

Quantities and Proportions:

Bondek sheets are available in three different thicknesses: 0.6mm, 0.75mm, and 1mm. These sheets have a width of 600mm and come in lengths ranging from 3m to 3.6m. The quantity will be subject to variation based on the overall floor space of the warehouse. The quantity will be ascertained by the measurement of the combined floor area of building D and its mezzanine, which totals 1154.8 square meters. The dimensions will be sent to Royal Concrete Formwork Sales And Hire, who will then provide a quotation and outline the method of delivery.

Method of Preparation and Execution:

Strapped bundles are how you'll get your bondek. If sheets or bundles are not needed right away, they should be stacked off the ground and on a small incline to facilitate water drainage. Cover exposed items with waterproof materials if left outside. Bondek formwork frequently comes unpropped, however temporary propping may be required between the slab supports to avoid excessive bending or collapse if the span of the slab is very long. Bondek sheeting has overlapping ribs that are connected. Apply pressure with your foot or a mild kick to the female lap rib while it is positioned over the male lap rib from the previous sheet. Bondek, once applied, makes for a sturdy surface upon which to do work. Bondek must be fastened to the end supports of the supporting structure using screws, nails, or an equivalent. Weights and screws or nails driven into the propping bearers may provide further security. Care must be used when using penetrating fasteners (such as screws and nails) to secure the props, since they may prevent the Bondek from being easily removed. SIZING UP THE EDGE AND CUTTING IT TO FIT Bondek sheets may be easily trimmed to size. Use a power saw with a metal cutting blade or abrasive disc. Common construction practices may reduce the amount of water or fine concrete slurry that seeps through.

5. Block or CAD Model 1857375228600-600074338138

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Photos taken by JH (6/10/23)

Constructing a 3D model of a warehouse required paying close attention to every little aspect of the process as well as making use of specialized equipment and components. Modeling board, which is well-known for its durability as well as its ease of manipulation, and an A3 Guillotine, which is well-known for its accuracy in cutting and shaping, were two of the primary materials that were utilized. The first step in the process involved printing out a pdf titled "Warehouse Assembly Components" and then tracing each individual component onto the modeling board. I used the guillotine to carefully carve out intricate details and sections, ensuring that every cut was precise. The process of putting it all together was like putting together a puzzle, and it required careful planning and precise execution. Both the upkeep of the solid foundations and the realization of the symmetrical proportions presented challenges. Without perseverance and careful preparation, it would be impossible to finish the project. As a direct result of dedication a 3D model of the warehouse was constructed.

6.Conclusion

Lastly, this paper investigates and studies a major development proposal on an undeveloped land in Albury, New South Wales. The business acted as a consultant to the project's customer in order to help maximize the development's potential. We considered the important variables of Time, Cost, Safety, and Risks during the design and construction stages of this project.In addition, we have proposed core and secondary development projects. As evidenced by the amount of content provided throughout, this report was created after thorough study, making it valid and reputable. This project's work was completed systematically by partitioning it among the group members for faster completion, which required the cooperation of all participants.

7. Reference