Page 1 is Annotated Bibliography assessment witch it has already been done I have copy it on page 5 to 7 of this file with the teachers feedback

Page 1 is Annotated Bibliography assessment witch it has already been done I have copy it on page 5 to 7 of this file with the teachers feedback

Page2 is part 2 of the assessment which you need to do is 2500 word essay with the some topic of annotated bibliography and make sure use the 3 reference on the annotated bibliography

The rest of the page is information that you need to to follow

Assessment 1 1000 words

Learning Outcomes

Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional criminal justice processes and institutions, including juries and prisons

Examine the nature and impact of societal changes on the criminal justice system

Demonstrate knowledge of the various drivers of criminal justice policy and practice, including political, economic, and social factors

Analyse non-traditional approaches to criminal justice, including restorative justice and justice reinvestment

Assessment Details and Instructions

The Annotated Bibliography is designed to provide an opportunity to begin working on, and improve the overall quality of, your submission for Assessment 2, the Research Essay. For the annotated bibliography, you are required to provide an overview of three (3) academic references and state how they will be used in your Research Essay (either in support of the conclusion, or as an idea that will be argued against). The references must be either journal articles and/or books. Website references cannot be used to complete this assessment. Use the format below to structure the assessment:

Reference: This should conform to the APA 7 style of referencing.

Reference Information: Provide a brief summary of the article/book, and how it will be used in your research essay.

The above structure should be repeated 3 times (once for each journal article/book). The total word count for this assessment should not be greater than 1000 words.

Feedback on this assessment will be provided before the Research Essay is due.

If you cant find the article that not use in the essay its oky

Make sure focused apa7 formatting

Assessment 2 2500 word essay

Learning Outcomes

Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional criminal justice processes and institutions, including juries and prisons

Examine the nature and impact of societal changes on the criminal justice system

Demonstrate knowledge of the various drivers of criminal justice policy and practice, including political, economic, and social factors

Analyse non-traditional approaches to criminal justice, including restorative justice and justice reinvestment

Demonstrate knowledge of the informal functions of law enforcement, court and correctional systems

Assessment Details and Instructions

Write a Research Essay 2500 words (+/- 10%) in length by selecting and critically discussing ONE of the following statements:

Australian prisons do not adequately cater to the needs of LGBTIQ+ inmates.

Explanation about topic 2 How Australian prisons is operate and term of LGBTIQ+ inmates . trye to pick a particular group. And try to use Australian prison.

Regardless of the topic you choose, please ensure you follow the instructions and meet the requirements of this task, as stated in the CRIM2044 unit outline

You can write the essay in the disagree mode? Like choose one topic and write about that I disagree about the statement !

Your essay must be structured and written in a formal academic style. It should therefore include a brief introduction and conclusion and have clearly defined/spaced paragraphs. A minimum of twelve (12) valid references are required. References must be integrated and cited appropriately throughout the body/discussion, with citations conforming to the APA 7 style. Refer to the Student Learning Support website for referencing guides and information (https://sls.navitas-professional.edu.au/referencing- overview).

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Australian Prisons do not adequately cater to the Needs of LGBTIQ+ Inmates

Bromdal, A., Clark, K. A., Hughto, J. M., Debattista, J., Phillips, T. M., Mullens, A. B., & Daken, K. (2019). Whole-incarceration-setting approaches to supporting and upholding the rights and health of incarcerated transgender people.International Journal of Transgenderism,20(4), 341-350.

Bromdal et al (2019) have explained why transgender people imprisoned globally are vulnerable and their rights violated by describing how most prisons across the globe are segregated by the sex assigned by birth. The research specifically focuses on the US and Australian transgender people while comparing them to the rest of the world, hence the study is applicable to the topic of how Australian prisons fail to cater for LGBTIQ+ inmates. Furthermore, it will help compare Australian prisons and United States'US prisons on how they manage transgender people, besides describing the impact of the inmates vulnerability to their health.

New paragraph required. The authors further describe the health consequences of discrimination and violence for imprisoned transgender people; hence it is also applicable in the Australian prisons as transgender people face various are abused by other inmates but stakeholders fail to take responsibility. The study also outlines the suffering that transgender people go through in prisons and even gives recommendations for prison settings that will be relevant to the topic as they might help in improving Australian prisons concerning and the treatment of transgender people. As much as the research talks mainly about the global experiences of the imprisoned transgender people, it is crucial to study the Australian prisons as they share experiences. Furthermore, there are some policies, guidelines, and procedures that the research highlights or instead emphasizes to save transgender people.

The policies and guidelines are crucial as they will be compared with those of the Australian prisons to identify critical areas that may need amendments to protect transgender people effectively. Generally, the article provides a unique insight into the experiences of transgender people in prisons; even though the research focuses more on the whole world, it contains essential elements related to Australian prisons since transgender people face the same challenges. Therefore, the article will assist in obtaining providing information for students to study as theyit relates to the Australian transgender prisoners and compares how other prisons across the globe operate. However, this article has limitations including focusing more on the United States prisons and less on Australian prisons in relation to transgender inmates.

Rodgers, J., Asquith, N. L., & Dwyer, A. (2017). Cisnormativity, criminalisation, vulnerability: Transgender people in prisons.Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies Briefing Paper,12, 1-13.

An iInternational research by Rodgers et al (2017) considers transgender people as a vulnerable group in the prison system; however, the paper's primary focus is on the vulnerability of policing hence, enlightening policymakers on where they should amend to protect transgender prisoners. Consequently, the paper also suggests solutions to prevent the vulnerability of transgender prisoners in the criminal justice system, as well as besides highlighting their challenges. The study goes further to analysesze the Australian policies and the pieces of evidence of what happens in its prisons to highlight the institutional context of vulnerability hence its relevance to the study topic. Additionally, the article describes the Australian research concerning transgender prisoners' experiences as limited, especially in policy analysis; thus, it exposes some issues with thefor Australian policymakers that need to be addressed to support or protect transgender prisoners.

Another significant thing about the article is that itSignificantly, Rodgers, et al. (2017) explains why and the extent to which of the imprisonment of transgender people by ascertaining that transgender people face social exclusion, discrimination, harassment, and abuse. Another critical section of the article is where it assesses some of the policies and pathologies concerning the Australian criminalized transgender prisoners which expose their effectiveness. For instance, the findings show that Australian policies related to housing transgender prisoners, pronoun and name use, and related hormones and medical issues are ineffective despite being adopted by the Australian criminal justice system. Furthermore, the article provides readers with more information on how misgendering and misnaming transgender people can result in psychological trauma, thus showing how Australian transgender prisoners are likely to suffer if the criminal justice system does not amend policies to protect them. Additionally, the authors explain the international and Australian researchidentify gaps, which are crucial for in need of future research. For instance, the article establishes that Australian transgender prisoners' experience with segregation is a significant research gap that relates to the study topic of how Australian prisons fail to cater to LGBTIQ+ prisoners adequately. Furthermore, since the research focuses primarily on the vulnerability of Australian policing concerning the imprisonment of transgender people, it is relevant to the study topic on Australian prisons. For instance, by analyzing Australian policies regarding transgender prisoners, one can establish why its prisons do not cater adequately to LGBTIQ+ inmates. The research article however, has limitations in terms illustrating how the Australian prison policies should be amended to support transgender people.

Wilson, M., Simpson, P. L., Butler, T. G., Richters, J., Yap, L., & Donovan, B. (2017). Youre a woman, a convenience, a cat, a poof, a thing, an idiot: Transgender women negotiating sexual experiences in mens prisons in Australia.Sexualities,20(3), 380-402.

Wilson et al. (2017) examines the experiences of transgender women in Australian women female and men's male prisons by assessing the sexual activities and sexual violence that transgender women encounter in Australian prisons. The research found that transgender women experienced violent assault from inmates who did not recognize their sexuality as they were forced into consensual sexual activities and experienced daily harassment and coercion. Furthermore, from the research, two participants claimed to have been violently raped, besides as well asbeing threatened by other inmates, hence showing how the Australian prisons are failing in their responsibilities.

The authorsWilson et al. (2017) also describe victims' strategies to uphold their dignity and keep safe hence ascertaining that despite Australian transgender women being vulnerable, they can at least stand up and fightI. The transgender women in male prisons felt insecure as the research shows that most felt reduced intimidation after being transferred into women's prisons. The article further highlights transgender women's responses to sexual violence in prison as most of them cited that the Trans prisoner policies did not provide any protection since their sexual safety was their responsibility. Consequently, the article highlights the issues in the Australian criminal justice system concerning transgender prisoners which will assist in assessing unreliability of policies thus supporting the study topic of how Australian prisons fail to cater for the LGBTIQ+ inmates needs. The highlighted strategies in the article on how transgender women can uphold their dignity and keep safe are also significant to the study topic as they also ascertain that Australian prisons are not providing for their needs hence the demand for their rights. The study topic will therefore rely on the article as it assesses transgender women experiences who are part of the LGBTIQ+ group. GThe traditional Australian criminal justice system does not fully cater for the needs of the transgender women prisoners as most of them experience different forms of abuse. However, societal changes will be significant to the criminal justice system as it will learn to value transgender prisoners hence develop ways of catering for their needs. Consequently, politicians should also advocate for the rights of transgender women for the federal government to allocate funds for developing prisons that support transgender people in Australia. Furthermore, the society should also appreciate the existence of transgender people for the criminal justice to recognize them and ensure that their rights are protected. Therefore, restorative justice will be significant in responding to transgender prisoners issues besides doing reinvestment in prisoners to develop more effective facilities that will cater for Australian transgender prisoners. The limitations of this article is that it focuses on Australian transgender women; hence does not highlight how transgender men in Australian prisoners are also vulnerable.

Reference List

Brmdal, A., Clark, K. A., Hughto, J. M., Debattista, J., Phillips, T. M., Mullens, A. B., & Daken, K. (2019). Whole-incarceration-setting approaches to supporting and upholding the rights and health of incarcerated transgender people.International Journal of Transgenderism,20(4), 341-350. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15532739.2019.1651684

Rodgers, J., Asquith, N. L., & Dwyer, A. (2017). Cisnormativity, criminalisation, vulnerability: Transgender people in prisons.Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies Briefing Paper,12, 1-13.

https://eprints.utas.edu.au/27108/

Wilson, M., Simpson, P. L., Butler, T. G., Richters, J., Yap, L., & Donovan, B. (2017). Youre a woman, a convenience, a cat, a poof, a thing, an idiot: Transgender women negotiating sexual experiences in mens prisons in Australia.Sexualities,20(3), 380-402. HYPERLINK "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1363460716652828" https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1363460716652828

IMPORTANT INFORMATION WITCH NEED TO BE FOLLOWED

For additional information check out these resources:

Formal Writing https://sls.navitas-professional.edu.au/writing-academic-styleAPA 7 https://libguides.navitas.com/apa7Authoritative sources https://sls.navitas-professional.edu.au/using-credible-sources-0Avoiding plagiarism https://sls.navitas-professional.edu.au/avoiding-plagiarism-1Report writing https://sls.navitas-professional.edu.au/report-criminology-justiceImportant information about how to write an academic essay and referencing

An essay (sometimes called an academic essay) is a piece of writing that explores a topic and reaches a

conclusion on that topic. The aim of an essay is to make a sound academic argument based on reliable evidence. You need to utilise critical thinking, go beyond simply describing or summarising, and generate an interesting analysis. An essay needs to contain a central argument, which is your answer to the topic question, and demonstrates reasons based on reliable evidence for your conclusion.

Note: If you are writing a reflective essay, please see our separate writing guide on reflective essays.

Content

The content of an essay is based around research of the topic. This means explaining and justifying your ideas based on information and examples from

reliable sources. It is important that your essay has a central idea or argument that the essay content is focused on. This is known as a thesis statement.

Depending on the essay question, the essay may contain:

a thesis statement (claim, proposition, main idea)

context (background, framework, setting)

reasons (support, evidence, examples)

counter-arguments (objections, contrary considerations)

responses (refutations, answers to objections)

Structure

Usually, an essay has four main components: an introduction, a series of body paragraphs, a conclusion, and a reference list.

Introduction

The introduction consists of:

a general statement (usually called a 'topic sentence') about the topic/issue under discussion

background information on the topic/issue

definitions of key terms (if applicable) *

an outline of the main structure of the essay (usually called 'signposting'). This can be drawn from the content area/s you need to address

a thesis statement that introduces the argument/s you will be making in your essay (usually your answer to the assignment question)

* Any terminology, jargon words, or words that relate to the essay topic should be defined using relevant theory (and should be referenced correctly). Any key terms you use should come from journal articles, books, and other reliable sources. Note that general dictionary definitions usually do not have the same word meaning/s as those used in your specialised area/s of study.

Generally, an introduction is approximately 5%-10% of

Body Paragraphs

The body of your essay expands on your arguments/thesis statement. In each body paragraph, you present relevant information and research that supports your arguments/thesis statement. It is important that the information is organised into clear paragraphs with a logical order. When writing your body paragraphs you should aim to guide the reader through your reasoning process and offer a clear explanation of each point you make so that you develop your argument effectively. Each paragraph should explore just one main idea. Body paragraphs have the following structure:

a topic sentence identifying what the paragraph will be about (usually developing from a previous paragraph's linking sentence)

a series of supporting sentences that develop the topic of the paragraph, and include explanations, examples, details, research, quotations, and references

a linking sentence (sometimes called a concluding sentence) that identifies what the main topic of the paragraph was, and links to the next paragraph (note that the last body paragraphs in an essay usually does not have a

linking sentence)

Avoid using paragraphs consisting of only one or two sentences, or that are longer than one double-spaced page.

Conclusion

In the conclusion, you need to summarise the main

points and ideas that you presented in your essay. You should draw conclusions from what you have discussed and include a restatement (paraphrased) of your thesis statement (from the introduction). There should be no new material included in the conclusion; new material needs to be placed in your body paragraphs. 45116810658475

The Reference List

For information about creating a reference list using APA 7th edition, click here.

Style

Essays should incorporate plenty of linking words/phrases and signposts make your essay easy for the reader to follow. These words/phrases help by making the connections between sentences and paragraphs clear and indicate the flow of your ideas. They also signal to the reader how to approach the information that follows. For example:

Use words like similarly, also and in addition to indicate that you are adding a similar idea to one already presented

Use words like in contrast, however, and on the other hand to make a contrast or add an opposite idea to one already presented

Use words like therefore, consequently and as a result to show an outcome from one of the ideas presented

Use words like for example and for instance to give an example that further develops an idea you have presented

Linking words are very useful in creating cohesion and flow in your writing. Without them, your assignment will read like a series of sentences that do not flow or present a logical argument.

On the following page, you will find a checklist that you can use to ensure that you have followed all aspects of essay writing and formatting.