PUBH4401 - Biostatistics Assignment

Question 1. A researcher proposed that DBP>90 and SBP>160 are suitable and equivalent definitions of high blood pressure . Use SPSS and the file bsn81.sav together with hand calulation if needed to produce the requested output and answer the following questions relating to this proposition.

First calculate a new variable called highDBP that takes value 1 (yes) if DBP>90 and value 0 (no) if not and also calculate a new variable called highSBP that takes value 1 (yes) if SBP>160 and value 0 (no) if not.

(a) Calculate the prevalence of highDBP=yes and the prevalence of highSBP=yes and conduct a test of whether they are significantly different at the 5% level of significance.

(b) (i) Obtain the odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) that compares the odds of highSBP=yes for people with highDBP=yes and for people with highDBP=no
(ii) Obtain the odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) that compares the odds of highDBP=yes for people with highSBP=yes and for people with highSBP=no.

(c) (i) Obtain the proportion of individuals for whom the two definitions (i.e. highSBP and highDBP) agree and its 95% confidence interval.
(ii) Obtain the value of Kappa (and its 95% confidence interval) for chance-corrected agreement between the two definitions and interpret your value of Kappa.

Question 2. A researcher has a theory that suggests DBP and SBP are strongly correlated and linearly related with DBP = 40 + 0.3 SBP. Use SPSS and the file bsn81.sav together with hand-calulation if needed to produce the requested output and answer the following questions relating to this theory.

(a) Obtain the correlation coefficient between DBP and SBP and its 95% confidence interval.

(b) Perform a linear regression of DBP on SBP i.e. mean (DBP) = ? + ? SBP and

(i) conduct a test of Ho: ? = 40 and
(ii) conduct a test of Ho: ? = 0.3 and state your conclusions at the 5% level of significance.

(c) Calculate a new variable TheoryDBP = 40 + 0.3 SBP and conduct a test of Ho: mean (TheoryDBP) = mean (DBP). State your conclusion at the 5% level of significance.

(d) Calculate BPDIFF = DBP – TheoryDBP and test if mean (BPDIFF) is the same for people with Rxhyper=yes and Rxhyper=no. State your conclusion at the 5% level of significance.

Question 3. This question relates to the following table extracted from an article published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (2016) relating to incident myocardial infarction cases in Western Australia 1998 to 2009.

Use SPSS (show output) to conduct an overall test that compares (for men only) the percentage of incident myocardial infarction cases that had diabetes for the periods 1998-2001, 2002-2005 and 2006-2009. State your conclusion at the 5% level of significance.

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