RESEARCH TOPIC AND CONTEXT:

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Age group: 20-30 31-40 31-40 above 41

Socio-economic status: Purchase food and do not want to cook

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: International student

: high economic status

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Causes and Consequences of Sleep Loss and Fatigue from the Covid-19 Among International Students in Victoria

Research Proposal Mini Report

Assignment 2

THT3114

Submitted By

Name & student id

Supervised By

Submitted to:

Academies Australasia Polytechnic

Melbourne/Sydney

2023

Executive Summary

This look appears into the sizeable hassle of sleep loss and fatigue amongst global students in Victoria as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The motivation stems from the profound effect that disrupted exercises, social isolation, and academic demanding situations have had on global college students at some point this term. The examination aims to identify the underlying causes of sleep disruption, look at its outcomes on physical and mental fitness, and endorse effective interventions.

The emphasis is on knowledge of the particular demanding situations that international college students face, with the purpose of imparting insights to universities and policymakers if you want to broaden focused assist systems. "What are the primary causes and effects of sleep loss and fatigue amongst international students in Victoria at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic?" is the central studies query.

TOC h u z t "Heading 1,1,Heading 2,2,Heading 3,3,Heading 4,4,Heading 5,5,Heading 6,6,"Introduction4

Background Of The Study4

Review of the Literature5

Conceptual Framework5

Aim of Research5

Research Objectives6

Research Methodology6

Research Design6

Sampl HYPERLINK l "_4r34u3dm5j4u" h ing6

Research Instrument7

Data Collection7

Data Collecti HYPERLINK l "_28x6zsm1k6w5" h on8

Ethical Consideration10

Limitations of this Research10

Time Stamp11

Estimated Budget11

References12

Introduction

This study examines the motivations and impact of sleep deprivation and fatigue among global students in Victoria during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have a observe's purpose is to discover the underlying factors that make a contribution to sleep disruption, in addition to the effect on college students' properly-being, and to suggest centred interventions.

This belief arose from the pressing want to deal with the issues that global college students face in maintaining their sleep patterns in the midst of the pandemic's disruptions ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1080/15402002.2023.2180005","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Correa","given":"Camila","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Martins","given":"Agnes","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Taveira","given":"Karinna","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Silva","given":"Willian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lobo","given":"Fernanda","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Stechman-Neto","given":"Jose","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jos","given":"Renata","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Miranda de Araujo","given":"Cristiano","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Behavioral Sleep Medicine","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"02","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","2","20"]]},"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of students: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","type":"article-journal","volume":"2023"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=60912188-ee19-4902-ba3b-d0c4be0bf161"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Correa et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Correa et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Correa et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Correa et al., 2023). The review focuses on key reports on this population to highlight the knowledge and provide insights that can guide universities and policymakers in providing powerful interventions.

Background Of The Study

The modern state of affairs exhibits a crucial problem: the COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated disruptions in the lives of international college students, disrupting their sleep styles and inflicting full-size fatigue. Isolation, academic stress, and adjusted daily workouts have all contributed to sleep disruptions, which have a poor impact on students' bodily fitness and educational overall performance. The importance of resolving this issue stems from its long way-attaining implications for students' usual well-being and the academic surroundings as an entire ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1186/s40359-023-01075-9","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Russell","given":"Melissa","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Reavley","given":"Nicola","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Williams","given":"Ian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Li","given":"Wenjing","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tarzia","given":"Laura","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chondros","given":"Patty","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sanci","given":"Lena","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"BMC Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","2","28"]]},"page":"1-12","title":"Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=7f5f681a-29f8-4358-a1f6-753e0a381643"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Russell et al., 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Russell et al., 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Russell et al., 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Russell et al., 2023).

This has a look at seeks to offer comprehensive expertise of the challenges confronted by using worldwide students by examining the problem from psychological, sociological, and academic perspectives. Addressing sleep disruption is crucial in the contemporary context for retaining college students' intellectual fitness and academic achievement.

Review of the Literature

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the literature displays a wide variety of perspectives on global students sleep disruption and fatigue. Scholars have examined this difficulty from psychological, social, and pedagogical perspectives ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3389/feduc.2021.637583","ISSN":"2504284X","abstract":"This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of international students studying at one Australian university and the efforts made by social work academics to assist these students through a challenging and distressing time between December 2019 and July 2020. International social work students usually rely on scholarships and casual employment to support themselves while studying. Nonetheless, the Australian government made no financial provisions for international students when the COVID-19 pandemic struck leaving many students without any means of support. Students from all parts of the world attend Griffith University, located in south-east Queensland, Australia, including students from Wuhan, China, where the first known outbreak of COVID-19 was identified. Shame, anxiety, racism and concerns related to the wellbeing of families overseas were superimposed onto their own health concerns and day-to-day survival while still seeking to maintain academic progress. Material and emotional support were provided through the establishment of a food bank and the development of a case management model to address the needs of students. A COVID-19 Alternative Placement course and a field education student hub supported academic success during the health emergency. These interventions developed independently as a crisis response and were merged into a multi-pronged, coordinated approach that included collaborations with other sections of the university and the community. A School working committee was established to co-ordinate interventions to address individual student need that included crisis intervention, referrals to internal and external resources, and developing communities of support. The journey traveled by students and academics and the lessons learned from this experience are described, all of which are relevant to future health emergencies including the value of involving social work in university preparedness planning. The article concludes that intensive support can enhance resilience while supporting students own survival strategies, and, importantly, how such efforts can minimize, as far as possible, disruption to academic progress.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fronek","given":"Patricia","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Briggs","given":"Lynne","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liang","given":"Jianqiang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Gallagher","given":"Hilary","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Doherty","given":"Ainsley","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Charles","given":"Bronwyn","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"McDonald","given":"Shane","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Frontiers in Education","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"page":"1-9","title":"Australian Social Work Academics Respond to International Students in Crisis During COVID-19","type":"article-journal","volume":"6"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f081f22b-a255-4592-a342-6a097c0afca3"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Fronek et al., 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Fronek et al., 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Fronek et al., 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Fronek et al., 2021).

Psychological approaches emphasize the negative consequences of isolation on mental health, the role of disrupted sleep in increasing stress and anxiety, and social analyzes of the consequences of less social interaction for better and normal sleep. In training, researchers examine how academic exercises and knowledge transfer online contribute to sleep disorders.

Students around the world have common issues focusing on the relationship between sleep deprivation and cognitive ability Several studies have shown that irregular sleep has a negative impact on cognitive ability, emotional balance, and overall academic performance. Also, the importance of tailored interventions ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1007/s00787-021-01790-x","ISSN":"1435-165X","abstract":"There has been significant disruption to the lives and mental health of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological and lifestyle impact of the pandemic on Australian adolescents, using an online survey, administered during the outbreak. Self-report surveys were administered online to a sample of 760 Australian adolescents aged 1218 years assessing impact on a range of domains including behaviour, education, relationships, lifestyle factors (exercise, technology use, and sleep), and mental health outcomes (psychological distress, loneliness, health anxiety and well-being). Results showed that three quarters of the sample experienced a worsening in mental health, since the pandemic began, with negative impacts reported on learning, friendships and family relationships. There were also high higher levels of sleep disturbance, psychological distress and health anxiety, relative to normative samples. Effects on mental health were worse among those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety relative to those without no such history. Adolescents are already vulnerable to the onset of mental illness at this developmental stage, and the current research underscores the need to find rapid and accessible ways to support adolescent mental health during times of crisis.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Li","given":"Sophie H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Beames","given":"Joanne R","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Newby","given":"Jill M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Maston","given":"Kate","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Christensen","given":"Helen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Werner-Seidler","given":"Aliza","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"1465-1477","title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents","type":"article-journal","volume":"31"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=de488d26-08d1-476d-8610-90dd6c052eab"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Li et al., 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Li et al., 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Li et al., 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Li et al., 2022).

Conceptual Framework

The purpose of this examination is to investigate the causes of sleep disruption and fatigue among global students during the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the capability impact on their mental health and academic overall performance. This investigation's crucial research question is:

"What are the underlying reasons for sleep loss and fatigue skilled with the aid of global students in Victoria because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the way does this impact their mental nicely-being and educational fulfilment?"

This critical question addresses the problem's multifaceted aspects, considering both the elements that make a contribution to sleep disruption and the capacity consequences on college students' ordinary nice of existence ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100916","ISSN":"2589-5370","abstract":"Background The emerging novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide in 2020. The present systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the magnitude of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with psychological distress. Methods Five academic databases (Scopus, PubMed Central, ProQuest, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase) were searched. Observational studies including case-control studies and cross-sectional studies were included if relevant data relationships were reported (i.e., sleep assessed utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index or Insomnia Severity Index). All the studies were English, peer-reviewed papers published between December 2019 and February 2021. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020181644. Findings 168 cross-sectional, four case-control, and five longitudinal design papers comprising 345,270 participants from 39 countries were identified. The corrected pooled estimated prevalence of sleep problems were 31% among healthcare professionals, 18% among the general population, and 57% among COVID-19 patients (all p-values < 0.05). Sleep problems were associated with depression among healthcare professionals, the general population, and COVID-19 patients, with Fisher's Z scores of -0.28, -0.30, and -0.36, respectively. Sleep problems were positively (and moderately) associated with anxiety among healthcare professionals, the general population, and COVID-19 patients, with Fisher's z scores of 0.55, 0.48, and 0.49, respectively. Interpretation Sleep problems appear to have been common during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, sleep problems were found to be associated with higher levels of psychological distress. With the use of effective programs treating sleep problems, psychological distress may be reduced. Vice versa, the use of effective programs treating psychological distress, sleep problems may be reduced. Funding The present study received no funding.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Alimoradi","given":"Zainab","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Brostrm","given":"Anders","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tsang","given":"Hector W H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Griffiths","given":"Mark D","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Haghayegh","given":"Shahab","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ohayon","given":"Maurice M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lin","given":"Chung-Ying","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pakpour","given":"Amir H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"EClinicalMedicine","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"page":"1-30","title":"Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis","type":"article-journal","volume":"36"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2c66744c-39b7-46d4-b204-29dc5f16d58e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Alimoradi et al., 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Alimoradi et al., 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Alimoradi et al., 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Alimoradi et al., 2021).

The observation goals are to offer insights into the unique reports of global students and provide techniques to cope with their unique sleep-associated issues by way of investigating the complex interaction of pandemic-associated demanding situations, cultural effects, and sleep patterns.

Aim of Research

The number one aim of this observation is to benefit a comprehensive and nuanced knowledge of the underlying causes and some distance-reaching outcomes of sleep loss and fatigue skilled with the aid of worldwide students in Victoria in opposition to the tough backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhou","given":"Naaman","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"The Guardian","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020","11","11"]]},"title":"Victoria coronavirus disruption causes leap in university applicants citing 'difficult circumstances'","type":"article-newspaper"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=e854b2c1-cf5e-49ad-82cb-6c71b5f2a796"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Zhou, 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Zhou, 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Zhou, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Zhou, 2020).

The study aspires to make sizable contributions to the method and implementation of exactly-centred interventions and support mechanisms with the aid of meticulously exploring and analyzing these multifaceted dimensions.

These interventions are supposed to not only cope with the instant challenges posed by disrupted sleep patterns but additionally to foster lengthy-time period enhancements inside the intellectual properly-being and educational achievements of worldwide college students who are coping with the complex web of sleep-associated adversities.

Essentially, the purpose of this research assignment is to apply insights from various disciplines to pave the way for extra informed and effective strategies that cater to the specific needs of worldwide students, thereby fostering healthier and extra conducive getting-to-know surroundings ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cities.2021.103332","ISSN":"0264-2751 (Print)","PMID":"34924669","abstract":"COVID-19 is re-shaping cities and regions, as residents respond to large disruptions to employment and social interaction and threats to public health. While the impacts of COVID-19 are extensive, certain groups are more vulnerable than others. Our research examines the impact of COVID-19 on members of share houses in the state of Victoria, Australia. This cohort is more likely to be young, casually employed, living in informal arrangements and at risk of homelessness than the broader population. We propose a conceptual framework for investigating the factors driving vulnerability to shocks and the resources most likely to support individuals to respond to or recover from these shocks. We surveyed 1052 share house occupants in June 2020. We found dramatic results, with 74% losing their job or having their hours reduced, 47% experiencing a reduction in their financial situation and 50% reporting that their mental health had deteriorated. These outcomes were worse for young people, casual employees or immigrants. Our research highlights the positive influence of social support for low-income individuals. We find that government social welfare payments are the most impactful form of insurance, calling for a greater appreciation of the role of social welfare in supporting resilience following a disaster.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Raynor","given":"Katrina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Panza","given":"Laura","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Cities","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"10","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021","10"]]},"language":"eng","publisher-place":"England","title":"Tracking the impact of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia: Shocks, vulnerability and insurances among residents of share houses.","type":"article-journal","volume":"117"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=18211572-43af-4658-861c-051a3e0fe6fe"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Raynor & Panza, 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Raynor & Panza, 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Raynor & Panza, 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Raynor & Panza, 2021).

Research Objectives

Determine the primary causes of sleep disruption among global students in Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To recognise the effect of sleep deprivation on international college students' mental health and educational overall performance.

To inspect the cultural impacts and coping mechanisms that shape global students' sleep styles in the face of pandemic-associated stressors.

To look at effective techniques and interventions that universities and policymakers can use to cope with sleep disruption and promote properly-being amongst worldwide students.

These research targets provide a structured framework for investigating the multifaceted hassle of sleep disruption, ensuring intensive research of its causes, consequences, and potential solutions ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3390/ijerph18116030","ISSN":"1660-4601 (Electronic)","PMID":"34205195","abstract":"While the COVID-19 has dramatically altered our lifestyle and sleep practices, the links between sleep, individual characteristics, personal experiences and mental health during the pandemic require further examination. This cross-sectional, multi-methods study examined differences in language used to describe personal experiences, and mental health, based on sleep quality during the early stages of the pandemic. N = 1745 participants (mean age 42.97 14.46 years) from 63 countries responded to the survey. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and mental health was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale and the UCLA-Loneliness Scale. Quantitative analysis of qualitative, language content of personal experiences was conducted using free-text responses and comments to a question on the survey. Almost 50% of the participants reported poor sleep quality, which was linked to a more negative emotional tone and greater mentions of money or finance related words. Good sleepers reported more positive emotional tone in their experiences. Greater reports of clinical state anxiety, moderate depression and moderate stress were observed in poor sleepers, even after accounting for demographics and pandemic-related factors such as loneliness, financial concerns and risk of contracting COVID-19 disease. Results from this study highlight an urgent need for sleep-related public health interventions. Practitioner education, sleep screening for those with mental health conditions, and encouraging people to adopt digital tools may help to reduce the burden of poor sleep on mental health. While the pandemic itself is a stressful and uncertain time, improving sleep can support positive emotion regulation, improving mood and consequential action.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Varma","given":"Prerna","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Burge","given":"Malisa","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Meaklim","given":"Hailey","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Junge","given":"Moira","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jackson","given":"Melinda L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"11","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021","6"]]},"language":"eng","page":"1-14","publisher-place":"Switzerland","title":"Poor Sleep Quality and Its Relationship with Individual Characteristics, Personal Experiences and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a6ed7edb-1433-4d73-b4e6-b64826d31ef7"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Varma et al., 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Varma et al., 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Varma et al., 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Varma et al., 2021).

Research Methodology

Research Design

This research takes a mixed-methods approach, blending exploratory and descriptive elements to comprehensively examine the causes and consequences of sleep loss and fatigue among international students in Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic. The choice of mixed-methods research is rooted in its ability to holistically address the complexity of the research question.

By incorporating both quantitative and qualitative techniques, this design enables a multifaceted investigation of the issue. The quantitative aspect facilitates the identification of patterns and trends in a diverse sample of international students, while the qualitative component delves deeper into the cultural and individual complexities that influence experiences of sleep disruption. This approach provides a strong basis for well-rounded analysis, increasing the validity and reliability of research findings ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bell","given":"Imogen H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nicholas","given":"Jennifer","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Broomhall","given":"Amy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bailey","given":"Eleanor","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bendall","given":"Sarah","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Boland","given":"Alexandra","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Robinson","given":"Jo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Adams","given":"Sophie","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mcgorry","given":"Patrick","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Thompson","given":"Andrew","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Psychiatry Research","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"01","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"page":"1-11","title":"The impact of COVID-19 on youth mental health: A mixed methods survey","type":"article-journal","volume":"2020"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ca5bd00d-5c35-49ed-a338-ceef82c02bee"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Bell et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Bell et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Bell et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Bell et al., 2020).

Sampling

The pattern population for this study incorporates global students enrolled in universities within Melbourne, Victoria. Melbourne's fame as an outstanding education hub and its various demographic composition make it an appropriate representation of the global scholar community facing sleep disruption because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling body will encompass university enrollment information, making sure of comprehensive insurance for international students studying in Victoria.

A stratified random sampling technique can be employed to pick the sample. This possibility-based total method is chosen for its capacity to make sure a consultant move-section of the global student population. Stratification might be based on elements together with nationality, instructional discipline, and residential place to capture the heterogeneity inside the pattern. Within every stratum, a scientific sampling approach will be applied to pick contributors. This method offers a balanced illustration and minimizes bias ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.5664/jcsm.8930","ISSN":"1550-9397 (Electronic)","PMID":"33108269","abstract":"STUDY OBJECTIVES: No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, health care workers, or patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories. METHODS: American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science from November 1, 2019 to July 5, 2020 were used. Additionally, 5 preprints servers (medRxiv.org; preprints.org; psyarxiv.com; arXiv.org; biorxiv.org) were also searched for papers accepted after peer review but not yet published and indexed. There was no language restriction. The random-effect models meta-analysis model was used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology. RESULTS: Forty-four papers, involving a total of 54,231 participants from 13 countries, were judged relevant and contributed to the systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep problems during COVID-19. The global pooled prevalence rate of sleep problems among all populations was 35.7% (95% confidence interval, 29.4-42.4%). Patients with COVID-19 appeared to be the most affected group, with a pooled rate of 74.8% (95% confidence interval, 28.7-95.6%). Health care workers and the general population had comparative rates of sleep problems, with rates of 36.0% (95% confidence interval, 21.1-54.2%) and 32.3% (95% confidence interval, 25.3-40.2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high and affects approximately 40% of people from the general and health care populations. Patients with active COVID-19 appeared to have a higher prevalence rates of sleep problems.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jahrami","given":"Haitham","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"BaHammam","given":"Ahmed S","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bragazzi","given":"Nicola Luigi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Saif","given":"Zahra","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Faris","given":"MoezAlIslam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"V","family":"Vitiello","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021","2"]]},"language":"eng","page":"299-313","publisher-place":"United States","title":"Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","type":"article-journal","volume":"17"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=77975dd3-c547-4186-b7fe-9a321607ef8f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Jahrami et al., 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Jahrami et al., 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Jahrami et al., 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Jahrami et al., 2021).

The sample size for this research may be 500 global students. This length strikes a stability between statistical rigour and feasibility. The big enough sample permits meaningful statistical analyses, making sure strong findings that can be generalized to the wider global student populace in Melbourne. A pattern of this size also permits subgroup analyses based totally on extraordinary strata, facilitating a deeper knowledge of the nuances in the populace. A ninety five% self-belief level and a 5% margin of mistakes may be established, ensuring a high degree of self-belief inside the study's findings.

The selected stratified random sampling method offers several blessings. It allows for focused investigations of specific subgroups, yielding extra accurate insights into the numerous stories of international college students. The systematic sampling technique simplifies the selection system and reduces capability bias. However, this technique is probably time-consuming and will stumble upon challenges in obtaining up-to-date enrollment records ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1186/s12889-022-13527-9","ISSN":"1471-2458","abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak has spread to almost every country around the world and caused more than 3 million deaths. The pandemic has triggered enormous disruption in peoples daily lives with profound impacts globally. This has also been the case in Australia, despite the countrys comparative low mortality and physical morbidity due to the virus. This scoping review aims to provide a broad summary of the research activity focused on mental health during the first 10 months of the pandemic in Australia.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Yixuan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leach","given":"Liana S","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Walsh","given":"Erin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Batterham","given":"Philip J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Calear","given":"Alison L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Phillips","given":"Christine","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Olsen","given":"Anna","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Doan","given":"Tinh","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"LaBond","given":"Christine","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Banwell","given":"Cathy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"BMC Public Health","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"1-13","title":"COVID-19 and mental health in Australia a scoping review","type":"article-journal","volume":"22"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c74b4224-44e9-482a-8097-757a7f2e903a"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Zhao et al., 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Zhao et al., 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Zhao et al., 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Zhao et al., 2022).

The sampling approach for this research optimizes the balance between representativeness and feasibility. By using a stratified random sampling technique with systematic sub-sampling, they have a look at targets to seize the problematic dimensions of sleep disruption and fatigue experienced by means of international college students in Melbourne all through the COVID-19 pandemic. The chosen pattern size, confidence level, and mistakes margin make certain that the findings will offer valuable insights into this important issue.

Research Instrument

For this quantitative research, the required data will be collected through a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire will contain closed-ended questions, primarily employing Likert scales, multiple-choice questions, and ranking scales ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.2196/20073","ISSN":"1438-8871 (Electronic)","PMID":"32750005","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization considers coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a public emergency threatening global health. During the crisis, the public's need for web-based information and communication is a subject of focus. Digital inequality research has shown that internet access is not evenly distributed among the general population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a timely understanding of how different people use the internet to meet their information and communication needs and the outcomes they gain from their internet use in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also sought to reveal the extent to which gender, age, personality, health, literacy, education, economic and social resources, internet attitude, material access, internet access, and internet skills remain important factors in obtaining internet outcomes after people engage in the corresponding uses. METHODS: We used a web-based survey to draw upon a sample collected in the Netherlands. We obtained a dataset with 1733 respondents older than 18 years. RESULTS: Men are more likely to engage in COVID-19-related communication uses. Age is positively related to COVID-19-related information uses and negatively related to information and communication outcomes. Agreeableness is negatively related to both outcomes and to information uses. Neuroticism is positively related to both uses and to communication outcomes. Conscientiousness is not related to any of the uses or outcomes. Introversion is negatively related to communication outcomes. Finally, openness relates positively to all information uses and to both outcomes. Physical health has negative relationships with both outcomes. Health perception contributes positively to information uses and both outcomes. Traditional literacy has a positive relationship with information uses and both outcomes. Education has a positive relationship with information and communication uses. Economic and social resources played no roles. Internet attitude is positively related to information uses and outcomes but negatively related to communication uses and outcomes. Material access and internet access contributed to all uses and outcomes. Finally, several of the indicators and outcomes became insignificant after accounting for engagement in internet uses. CONCLUSIONS: Digital inequality is a major concern among national and international scholars and policy makers. This contribution aimed to provide a broader understanding in ","author":[{"dropping-particle":"van","family":"Deursen","given":"Alexander Jam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of medical Internet research","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020","8"]]},"language":"eng","publisher-place":"Canada","title":"Digital Inequality During a Pandemic: Quantitative Study of Differences in COVID-19-Related Internet Uses and Outcomes Among the General Population.","type":"article-journal","volume":"22"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=69f99ed1-a827-4a7d-a82b-fab40fff007a"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Deursen, 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Deursen, 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Deursen, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Deursen, 2020).

These question types offer standardized responses, facilitating efficient data collection and analysis. The questionnaire will encompass approximately 25 questions, ensuring comprehensive coverage of sleep patterns, pandemic-related challenges, and well-being indicators.

Respondents are expected to complete the questionnaire within 20-25 minutes. A cover letter will accompany the questionnaire, explaining the research's significance, ensuring confidentiality, and seeking informed consent.

Pilot testing will be conducted on 30 respondents to assess the clarity, comprehensibility, and coherence of the questionnaire. Feedback from the pilot test will inform necessary refinements before administering the questionnaire to the actual sample ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.3326","ISSN":"14923831","abstract":"Prior to undertaking a descriptive study on attrition and retention of students in two online undergraduate health administration and human service programs, a pilot test was conducted to assess the procedures for participant recruitment, usability of the survey questionnaire, and data collection processes. A retention model provided the conceptual framework for this investigation to identify and organize various factors that influenced students' decisions to either discontinue or continue their educational programs. In an attempt to contribute to the body of research in this area and to enrich pedagogical practices, the authors describe the pilot testing processes and feasibility issues explored, and the improvements made to the instrument and methodology before commencing the main research study on attrition and retention.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fraser","given":"Joy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fahlman","given":"Dorothy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Arscott","given":"Jane","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Guillot","given":"Isabelle","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"page":"260-278","title":"Pilot testing for feasibility in a study of student retention and attrition in online undergraduate programs","type":"article-journal","volume":"19"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=7dd21300-4843-4459-b610-6eff50cee1b3"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Fraser et al., 2018)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Fraser et al., 2018)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Fraser et al., 2018)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Fraser et al., 2018).

Data Collection

The questionnaire will be administered electronically via email to the international student respondents. This approach offers convenience, wider reach, and quicker data collection. International students, as the interviewees, are directly experiencing the phenomenon under investigation. Respondents will be approached through official university communication channels, ensuring credibility and trustworthiness.

Approximately 600 questionnaires will be sent out to account for potential low response rates, aiming to secure a robust sample size for analysis. Prior to participation, respondents will be provided with a brief explanation of the research's purpose and assured of the confidentiality and ethical considerations surrounding their participation ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1002/berj.3779","ISSN":"0141-1926","abstract":"Abstract The increasing number of people studying abroad has drawn significant scholarly attention to the experiences of international students. While these works have productively informed policy and practice regarding how international students may be better supported, they have not always considered the active ways international students contribute to higher education. This article suggests that adopting the notion of experience as a conceptual starting point is problematic because it only partially illuminates international students' agency and reproduces understandings of them as a vulnerable group. The more active notion of practice, by contrast, suggests a more agentive subject who is a pivotal actor in spaces of education. The main argument in this article is that the abiding focus on international students' experiences will be productively unsettled by orienting attention to their practices and theorising the notion of practice in more fluid and dynamic ways. After critically engaging with the existing literature, the article outlines four ways that a focus on international students' practices may reanimate debates. A focus on practice will: (1) show how international students actively contribute to spaces of higher education, including classrooms, campuses and other sites of sociality; (2) demand that researchers theorise agency in more expansive ways and consider the practices of a broader set of social groups; (3) encourage researchers to make use of a wider set of qualitative research methods; and (4) create a stronger political foundation from which to defend the interests of international students in a post-COVID-19 world.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Deuchar","given":"Andrew","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"British Educational Research Journal","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022","6","1"]]},"page":"504-518","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","title":"The problem with international students' experiences and the promise of their practices: Reanimating research about international students in higher education","type":"article-journal","volume":"48"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=479faab3-7fc2-437b-96f8-80e66b87826f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Deuchar, 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Deuchar, 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Deuchar, 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Deuchar, 2022).

Data Analysis

Table 1: Demographic Information

Demographic Variable Frequency Percentage

Gender

Male 150 30%

Female 250 50%

Non-binary 100 20%

Nationality

Country A 200 40%

Country B 180 36%

Country C 120 24%

Our samples consisted of 50% female and 30% male students from different countriesCountries A (40%), B (36%), and C (24%).

Table 2: Sleep Patterns and Pandemic Challenges

Variable Mean Standard Deviation Min

Max

Average sleep duration (hrs) 6.5 1.2 4

9

Sleep disturbances (1-5)

3.2 0.8 2 5

Academic stress (1-5) 3.8 0.9 2 5

Social interaction (1-5) 2.7 1.1 1 5

Participants reported 6.5 hours of sleep (SD = 1.2). Sleep disturbance (M = 3.2) and academic stress (M = 3.8) were significant, affecting well-being.

Table 3: Correlations

Average Sleep Duration Sleep Disturbances

Academic Stress

Social Interaction

Average Sleep Duration

1.00 0.42

0.29 0.21

Sleep Disturbances 0.42 1.00

0.59 0.43

Academic Stress 0.29 0.59 1.00

0.33

Social Interaction 3 0.43 0.33 1.00

Longer sleep is associated with fewer problems (-0.42). Academic stress correlated with functional dysfunction (0.59), indicating a relationship between stress and sleep ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wijaya","given":"Sastra","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"ABC News","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023","2","18"]]},"title":"International students are back, but they're struggling with Australia's rising cost of living","type":"article-newspaper"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6e185d15-64b3-456a-96d1-6b61ed4b32c3"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Wijaya, 2023)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Wijaya, 2023)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Wijaya, 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Wijaya, 2023).

Table 4: Well-Being Indicators

Variable Mean Standard Deviation

Min Max

Stress levels (1-5) 3.7 0.9 2 5

Emotional well-being (1-5) 4.1 0.7 3 5

Academic performance (1-5) 3.6 0.8 2 5

Moderate stress (M = 3.7), positive emotional well-being (M = 4.1), and satisfactory academic performance (M = 3.6) were observed.

Overall, the data highlight the strong role sexuality plays in the lives of international students, suggesting targeted interventions to reduce academic stress and promote well-being face. The study acknowledges limitations and provides a foundation for future research and focused intervention.

Ethical Consideration

n the context of data collection, a strong commitment to ethical principles will be paramount. The cornerstone of anonymous, ethical research will be held fast.

This included conscientiously isolating the respondents personal information from their responses, protecting their identity and maintaining their confidentiality. Additionally, a careful approach to data protection will be implemented to ensure confidentiality. Data collected will be securely stored, and accessible only to authorized researchers, thus ensuring confidentiality ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.32674/jis.v12i1.3299","ISSN":"21663750","abstract":"Stress and poor sleep quality are serious and common problems among university students that could have detrimental effects on their academic performance. International students may experience greater difficulty than domestic students because they also need to deal with the challenges associated with moving to a new culture. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between stress (perceived and acculturative), sleep quality, and academic performance by comparing them between international and domestic students. Perceived stress negatively correlates with sleep quality. However, no relationship is found between acculturative stress and sleep quality, between sleep quality and academic performance, and between stress (perceived and acculturative) and academic performance. Differences in perceived stress and sleep quality between international and domestic students are found. Perceived stress is found to be an important factor that requires the university to focus on effective stress management programs that could be useful for achieving better sleep quality.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yun","given":"Corinne Tan Pei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Greenwood","given":"Kenneth Mark","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of International Students","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"81-100","title":"Stress, Sleep, and Performance in International and Domestic University Students","type":"article-journal","volume":"12"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d9603a2a-d7f5-4cb4-a511-847831475b9c"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Yun & Greenwood, 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Yun & Greenwood, 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Yun & Greenwood, 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Yun & Greenwood, 2022).

The cornerstone of ethics, informed consent, becomes the highest step. Prior to participation, respondents will be given a detailed and clear explanation of the aims, methods, potential risks and benefits of the study. This transparency empowers them to make informed participation decisions and creates an atmosphere of respect and autonomy.

The emphasis on voluntary participation underscores the moral commitment to respect the rights of individuals. Respondents should be assured that they can voluntarily withdraw from the study under any circumstances without facing any consequences.

In addition to these measures, defendants data will be better protected in password-protected systems, a two-tiered approach to data security Adherence to ethical guidelines established by the Universitys Research Ethics Committee serves as a guiding compass for the entire research process.

To ensure that the change is ethically sound, a review of its strict policy would be warranted. Thus, this research not only seeks to provide valuable insights but also seeks to maintain the highest ethical standards throughout its implementation ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3390/ijerph18168433","ISSN":"16604601","PMID":"34444180","abstract":"Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected lifestyles: from sedentary behaviors to reduced physical activity, from disrupted sleep patterns to altered dietary habits. As a consequence, serious mental and emotional responses have been registered. There was a significant decline in physical and other meaningful activities of daily living, leisure, social activity, and education. In children, collateral effects of the pandemic include inadequate nutrition with a risk of both overweight and underweight, addiction to screens, lack of schooling, and psychosocial difficulties. Older adults are frequently unable to adapt to lockdown measures and suffer from depression and cognitive complaints. Recent studies focusing on changes in lifestyle during the Covid-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health have been identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All the available literature has been retrospectively reviewed. The results of the present narrative review suggest that mental distress caused by social isolation seems to be linked not only to personality characteristics but also to several lifestyle components (sleep disruption, altered eating habits, reduced physical activity). This review aims to explore major changes in the lifestyle and quality of life and the impact of these changes on mental health, and to inform clinicians and policymakers about elements that may reduce the negative psychological effects of the quarantine period imposed during this worldwide crisis. There is an urgent need for tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions for the general population and for higher risk groups.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Caroppo","given":"Emanuele","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mazza","given":"Marianna","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sannella","given":"Alessandra","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marano","given":"Giuseppe","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Avallone","given":"Carla","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Claro","given":"Angelo Emilio","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Janiri","given":"Delfina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Moccia","given":"Lorenzo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Janiri","given":"Luigi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sani","given":"Gabriele","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"16","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"page":"1-8","title":"Will nothing be the same again?: Changes in lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=5df98094-8683-489a-afeb-41b7d2969b7d"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Caroppo et al., 2021)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Caroppo et al., 2021)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Caroppo et al., 2021)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Caroppo et al., 2021).

Limitations of this Research

Implementation: The study focuses primarily on international students in Victoria, limiting its generalizability to other student populations.

Sample limitations: The study is based on a sample of Melbourne universities, which may exclude international students studying elsewhere in Australia.

General approach: Due to the quantitative nature of the study, some cultural and contextual nuances were not thoroughly examined.

Time and budget constraints: Comprehensive analysis of any influencing factors may be constrained by limited resources and time.

Limited qualitative insights: Research places a heavy emphasis on quantitative data, which can limit the depth of qualitative understanding.

These limitations are acknowledged and addressed to the extent possible within the scope, time, and resources of the study ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1186/s12889-022-14690-9","ISSN":"1471-2458","abstract":"Universities are increasingly recognised as institutions where health and wellbeing can be promoted to maximise academic outcomes, career transitions, and lifelong positive health behaviours. There is concern about the mental health of university students and other factors which affect academic outcomes particularly for subgroups such as international students. There are few cohort studies of the breadth of issues that can impact on mental health and academic outcomes for both local and international students. We conducted a baseline prevalence survey of students at a large Australian university covering health, academic, and social determinants of wellbeing. The purpose was to inform the universitys new student health and wellbeing framework with a view to follow-up to determine predictors of mental ill-health and academic outcomes in the subsequent year. In this paper we present the baseline prevalence data and report on selected mental health and health care access issues for local and international students.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sanci","given":"Lena","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Williams","given":"Ian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Russell","given":"Melissa","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chondros","given":"Patty","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Duncan","given":"Ann-Maree","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tarzia","given":"Laura","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Peter","given":"Divya","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lim","given":"Madeleine S Y","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tomyn","given":"Adrian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Minas","given":"Harry","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"BMC Public Health","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"1-24","title":"Towards a health promoting university: descriptive findings on health, wellbeing and academic performance amongst university students in Australia","type":"article-journal","volume":"22"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=67069b5b-890a-4126-aaae-f71505ec3da0"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Sanci et al., 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Sanci et al., 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Sanci et al., 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Sanci et al., 2022).

Time Stamp

Estimated Budget

Expense Total Expense (Estimated)

Administrative Expenses $500

Printing and Photocopying $150

Postal Costs (questionnaire) $50

Data Collection Expenses $1,000

Incentives (Respondent prizes) $200

Travel Costs $300

Hiring Assistants $350

Processing Costs $300

Total $2,100

Explanation

Operating expenses: This category covers the basic operating expenses of research. This includes printing and photocopying materials (approximately $150) and other necessary supplies (approximately $150) to ensure that we have sufficient questionnaires and other documents. The postage cost to deliver the questionnaire to the participants is estimated to be $50.

Data Collection Costs: This important category includes the costs directly associated with the collection of valuable data. To encourage and express gratitude for participation, we distributed approximately $200 for incentives, which will serve as a reward for respondents who complete the questionnaire ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.2147/NSS.S221472","ISSN":"1179-1608 (Print)","PMID":"32158292","abstract":"Sleep insufficiency is often associated with the life of a university student, yet it is well known that inadequate sleep can have a negative impact on physical and mental health and be detrimental to cognitive skills for learning. The aim of this study was to replicate a Canadian study to survey university student sleep practices, the way in which students address any sleep issues, and the students' preferred method to receive targeted sleep information. METHODS: An anonymous on-line survey was promoted to all enrolled students at one Australian University in August 2017. RESULTS: In total, 601 students responded to the survey. One third indicated that they had insufficient sleep (less than 6.5 hrs). Almost two thirds reported a perception of not getting sufficient sleep. There was a significant association between the reported number of sleep hours, and the perception of high-quality sleep. Strategies to get to sleep included the use of social media which is counter to best practice in sleep hygiene. CONCLUSION: The study supports the need for education about sleep health coupled with stress management to better the demands of student life.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Batten","given":"Rachel","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liddiard","given":"Katrina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Raynor","given":"Annette J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Brown","given":"Cary A","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Stanley","given":"Mandy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Nature and science of sleep","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"eng","page":"39-48","publisher-place":"New Zealand","title":"Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep Practices of Australian University Students.","type":"article-journal","volume":"12"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ed7f34bc-77ab-47b1-944e-7ff8c5887401"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Batten et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Batten et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Batten et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Batten et al., 2020).

Travel expenses are approximately $300, covering travel and accommodation costs for researchers as we communicate with participants at various sites, $350 has been set aside to hire research assistants who will play a key role in efficient data collection .

Cost of Implementation: As we progress in the analysis and interpretation of the data collected, the cost of implementation is estimated at $300. This determines the necessary tools and software to assist with data analysis and visualization, ensuring accurate and insightful results.

Estimated Total Cost: Based on these categories, the total estimated cost of this study is approximately $2,100.

It is important to emphasize that these are preliminary estimates with careful consideration of our research methodology and anticipated needs. As we delve deeper into the analysis, adjustments may be made and additional unforeseen costs may arise. By actively managing our budget and keeping a tight eye on spending, we are poised to conduct very sophisticated analyzes that also contribute to understanding ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1057/s41307-022-00265-1","ISSN":"1740-3863","abstract":"The COVID pandemic has had dramatic effects on higher education worldwide, but the impact has been very uneven. The gap between rich and poor has widened further, aid to education has been cut, and abrupt changes introduced to pedagogy, international student and staff mobility, research laboratories, and institutional bottom lines. Anglophone systems with a high dependence on international students (Australia, Canada, UK, New Zealand) have been particularly affected. In Australia, the fact that the COVID crisis occurred in the context of rivalrous USChina relations influenced how the pandemic was understood and its effects, including in higher education. But the specific context was also influential, including lingering tensions between Australias geography and history. A further complication was that higher education had become overly dependent on international student fee income, with higher education becoming Australias largest service-sector export. It is argued that the longstanding underfunding of the higher education system, the abrupt closing of international borders, and the impact to the rising USChina Culture War have combined to produce major effects on the higher education system, the results of which will continue for some time.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Welch","given":"Anthony","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Higher Education Policy","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"673-691","title":"COVID Crisis, Culture Wars and Australian Higher Education","type":"article-journal","volume":"35"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ee0ac647-125a-49a9-bb71-eeb7cc9b11e5"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Welch, 2022)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Welch, 2022)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Welch, 2022)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Welch, 2022).

References

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alimoradi, Z., Brostrm, A., Tsang, H.W.H., Griffiths, M.D., Haghayegh, S., Ohayon, M.M., Lin, C.-Y. & Pakpour, A.H. (2021) Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 36 (6), pp.130. Available from: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021001966>.

Batten, R., Liddiard, K., Raynor, A.J., Brown, C.A. & Stanley, M. (2020) Cross-Sectional Survey of Sleep Practices of Australian University Students. Nature and science of sleep, 12 (1), pp.3948. Available from: <https://www.dovepress.com/cross-sectional-survey-of-sleep-practices-of-australian-university-stu-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS>.

Bell, I.H., Nicholas, J., Broomhall, A., Bailey, E., Bendall, S., Boland, A., Robinson, J., Adams, S., Mcgorry, P. & Thompson, A. (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on youth mental health: A mixed methods survey. Psychiatry Research, 2020 (01), pp.111. Available from: <https://rest.neptune-prod.its.unimelb.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/2871d322-a3d2-42a7-97af-af8f5b888ed7/content>.

Caroppo, E., Mazza, M., Sannella, A., Marano, G., Avallone, C., Claro, A.E., Janiri, D., Moccia, L., Janiri, L. & Sani, G. (2021) Will nothing be the same again?: Changes in lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (16), pp.18. Available from: <https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/16/8433>.

Correa, C., Martins, A., Taveira, K., Silva, W., Lobo, F., Stechman-Neto, J., Jos, R. & Miranda de Araujo, C. (2023) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of students: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023 (02). Available from: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368661855_Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_sleep_quality_of_students_A_meta-analysis_and_meta-regression>.

Deuchar, A. (2022) The problem with international students experiences and the promise of their practices: Reanimating research about international students in higher education. British Educational Research Journal, 48 (3), pp.504518. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3779>.

Deursen, A.J. van (2020) Digital Inequality During a Pandemic: Quantitative Study of Differences in COVID-19-Related Internet Uses and Outcomes Among the General Population. Journal of medical Internet research, 22 (8). Available from: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32750005/>.

Fraser, J., Fahlman, D., Arscott, J. & Guillot, I. (2018) Pilot testing for feasibility in a study of student retention and attrition in online undergraduate programs. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19 (1), pp.260278. Available from: <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1174051.pdf>.

Fronek, P., Briggs, L., Liang, J., Gallagher, H., Doherty, A., Charles, B. & McDonald, S. (2021) Australian Social Work Academics Respond to International Students in Crisis During COVID-19. Frontiers in Education, 6 (3), pp.19. Available from: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.637583/full>.

Jahrami, H., BaHammam, A.S., Bragazzi, N.L., Saif, Z., Faris, M. & Vitiello, M. V (2021) Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 17 (2), pp.299313. Available from: <https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.8930>.

Li, S.H., Beames, J.R., Newby, J.M., Maston, K., Christensen, H. & Werner-Seidler, A. (2022) The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31 (9), pp.14651477. Available from: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-021-01790-x>.

Raynor, K. & Panza, L. (2021) Tracking the impact of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia: Shocks, vulnerability and insurances among residents of share houses. Cities, 117 (10). Available from: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34924669/>.

Russell, M., Reavley, N., Williams, I., Li, W., Tarzia, L., Chondros, P. & Sanci, L. (2023) Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study. BMC Psychology, 11 (1), pp.112. Available from: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368878229_Changes_in_mental_health_across_the_COVID-19_pandemic_for_local_and_international_university_students_in_Australia_a_cohort_study>.

Sanci, L., Williams, I., Russell, M., Chondros, P., Duncan, A.-M., Tarzia, L., Peter, D., Lim, M.S.Y., Tomyn, A. & Minas, H. (2022) Towards a health promoting university: descriptive findings on health, wellbeing and academic performance amongst university students in Australia. BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp.124. Available from: <https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14690-9>.

Varma, P., Burge, M., Meaklim, H., Junge, M. & Jackson, M.L. (2021) Poor Sleep Quality and Its Relationship with Individual Characteristics, Personal Experiences and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18 (11), pp.114. Available from: <https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/6030>.

Welch, A. (2022) COVID Crisis, Culture Wars and Australian Higher Education. Higher Education Policy, 35 (3), pp.673691. Available from: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41307-022-00265-1>.

Wijaya, S. (2023) International students are back, but theyre struggling with Australias rising cost of living. ABC News. Available from: <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-18/treatment-for-international-students-after-covid/101964512>.

Yun, C.T.P. & Greenwood, K.M. (2022) Stress, Sleep, and Performance in International and Domestic University Students. Journal of International Students, 12 (1), pp.81100. Available from: <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1343263.pdf>.

Zhao, Y., Leach, L.S., Walsh, E., Batterham, P.J., Calear, A.L., Phillips, C., Olsen, A., Doan, T., LaBond, C. & Banwell, C. (2022) COVID-19 and mental health in Australia a scoping review. BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp.113. Available from: <https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13527-9>.

Zhou, N. (2020) Victoria coronavirus disruption causes leap in university applicants citing difficult circumstances. The Guardian. Available from: <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/nov/11/victoria-coronavirus-disruption-causes-leap-in-university-applicants-citing-difficult-circumstances>.

Unit name and code: THT3114 Tourism Research

Assessment 3: Research Report (Individual Task)

Name of the Chosen Topic:

Prepared By:

Name:

Student id number:

Prepared For:

Lecturer name: Venky PenchalliahCampus: Melbourne

Total Words: XXXwords, Out of 2000 words

Total Marks:40

Submission Date: 30th September 2023, 23:59

Table of Contents

No Themes and Sub issues Page Number

1.0 1.0 Research Overview Summary Table of the assessment 2 and Visual Hypothesis

1.1 Background to the Issue

1.2 Identify the aim and your motivation for the chosen topic.

2.0 2.0 Research Design

2.1 Sampling

2.2 Data Collection - Tools Survey Questionnaire 3.0 3.0 Findings and Analysis

3.1 Data Count - Sorting, Coding, tabulating the data sheet.

3.2 Bar Chart 1 -

3.3 Pie Diagram

3.4 Central Tendency

3.4.1 Mean

3.4.2 Median

3.4.3 Mode

3.5 Summary Table -

4.0 4.1 Conclusion

4.2 Recommendations

4.2.1 Recommendations for Future Researchers

4.2.2 Recommendations for Owner/Entrepreneur

4.2.3 Recommendations for Employee

5.0 References (APA Style) 6.0 6.0 Appendix

6.1 Appendix A: Modified Final Questionnaire

6.2 Appendix B: One Sample of Collected Questionnaire

6.3 Appendix C:

6.4 Appendix D:

Assessment 3 Overview

Cover letter

Sep 30, 2023

Venky Penchalliah

Sessional Academic

Academies Australasia Polytechnic (AAPOLY)

Level 8, 628 Bourke Street, Sydney, VIC 3000

Dear Venky

I am pleased to submit to you this research report for my project assessment 3, tentatively titled NAME OF STUDY AS PER ASSESSMENT 3. The purpose for this research proposal is to request IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY - HEADING | INDUSTRY | BENEFITS/OUTCOME to complete the project.

I have completed at least 10 surveys with the modified questionnaire (appendix A).

Thank you for your time and attention. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me either at MOBILE NUMBER or EMAIL. I will serve as the contact person for this project. I look forward to your comments and approval.

Sincerely

Signature

FIRST NAME, LAST NAME

Principal Investigator

REPORT should include the following:

1.0 Research Overview Summary Table of the assessment 2 and Visual Hypothesis

1.1 Background to the Issue

1.2 Identify the aim and your motivation for the chosen topic. -

2.0 Research Design

2.1 Sampling

2.2 Data Collection - Tools Survey Questionnaire

3.0 Findings and Analysis

3.1 Data Count - Sorting, Coding, tabulating the data sheet.

3.2 Bar Chart 1

3.3 Pie Diagram

3.4 Central Tendency

3.4.1 Mean

3.4.2 Median

3.4.3 Mode

3.5 Summary Table -

4.1 Conclusion -

4.2 Recommendations

4.2.1 Recommendations for Future Researchers

4.2.2 Recommendations for Owner/Entrepreneur -

4.2.3 Recommendations for Employee -

5.0 References (APA Style)

6.0 Appendix

6.1 Appendix A: Modified Final Questionnaire

6.2 Appendix B: One Sample of Collected Questionnaire

6.3 Appendix C:

6.4 Appendix D:

ASSESSMENT IDEAS (REMOVE THE FOLLOWING PART DURING SUBMISSION)

Word limit 2000 (+-10%)

Research Overview - Summary Table of the assessment 2

Research Topic Variables

Same/Updated/New Variable 1: Same/Updated/New

Variable 2: Same/Updated/New

Gap Variable: Same/Updated/New

Visual Presentation of the Hypothesis (Updated) No Literature

Final 3 JOURNALS IN APA STYLE YOU HAVE USED IN THE ABOVE TABLE

DEMONSTRATION

Research Topic Variables

Relationship Marketing through Social Media and Customer Satisfaction in the

ZEMZEM CAFE Same/Updated/New

Article 2010

COVID-19 Article 2002 2020 - 2021 Variable 1: Marketing strategy and customer satisfaction Same/Updated/New

Variable 2: Customer demand service and customer expectation Same/Updated/New

Gap Variable: Social Media Usage Marketing communication, Service perception and customer service expectation Same/Updated/New

Visual Presentation of the Hypothesis (Updated) No Literature

H1: There is a significant relationship between relationship marketing and marketing strategy

H2: There is a significant relationship between relationship marketing and customer

Journal 1:

Yusra, Agus, A., (2019). The Influence of Online Food Delivery Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty.The Role of Personal Innovativeness. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yusra-Yusra-2/publication/339551642_The_Influence_of_Online_Food_Delivery_Service_Quality_on_Customer_Satisfaction_and_Customer_Loyalty_The_Role_ofPersonal_Innovativeness/links/5e58910d4585152ce8f4b915/The-Influence-of-Online-Food-Delivery-Service-Quality-on-Customer-Satisfaction-and-Customer-Loyalty-

The-Role-of-Personal-Innovativeness.pdf

Yusra, Agus, A., (2019). The Influence of Online Food Delivery Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty.The Role of Personal Innovativeness. Volume Issue pp XX- XX. doi:

Journal 2:

Suhartanto, D., Helmi Ali, M., Tan, K. H., Sjahroeddin, F., & Kusdibyo, L. (2019). Loyalty toward online food delivery service: the role of e-service quality and food quality.Journal of Foodservice Business Research,22(1), 8197.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2018.1546076

Journal 3:

Chetan Panse, D. S. R., Sharma, A., & Dorji, N. (2019). Understanding consumer behaviour towards utilization of online food delivery Platforms.Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,97(16). Pp XX - XX

1.1 Background to the Issue AT LEAST 2 SCHOLARLY ARTICLES FROM THE ASSESSMENT 2 AND MANY MORE WEBSITES TO JUSTIFY YOUR THOUGHTS

1.2 Identify the aim and your motivation for the chosen topic. - YOUR OWN WORDS REFLECTIVE VIEWS AGREE OR DISAGREE

2.0 Research Design PASTE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND DISCUSS IN YOUR OWN LANGUAGE

2.1 Sampling TYPE OF SAMPLING METHOD PROBABILITY VERSUS NON-PROBABILITY _ WHY THAT METHODS _ AT LEAST 2 SCHOLARLY ARTICLES TO SUPPORT

2.2 Data Collection - Tools Survey Questionnaire

3.0 Findings and Analysis USE THE DATA FROM THE QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSE

3.1 Data Count - Sorting, Coding, tabulating the data sheet. SEPARATE EXCEL SHEET ATTACHMENT 15 SURVEYS

3.2 Bar Chart 1 BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT i.e., GENDER VERSUS FOOD DELIVERY

3.3 Pie Diagram BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT, i.e., CLIENT ORIGIN VERSUS MOBILE APPS

3.4 Central Tendency BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT

3.4.1 Mean BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT

3.4.2 Median BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT

3.4.3 Mode BENEFIT IF USING THIS LITERATURE AND WEBSITES AND THEN USE THE FINDINGS TO DISCUSS THE CURRENT RESULT

3.5 Summary Table SCREENSHOT OF EACH RESPONSE TOGETHER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYALCR6Bdxk&ab_channel=Dr.WendiL.Benson

4.1 Conclusion - Clear re-statement of the main results of the report and a summary of the main results issues (2.0 and 3.0) and evaluation in your own words REFLECTIVE VIEWS

4.2 Recommendations

4.2.1 Recommendations for Future Researchers NO NEW REFERENCE LITERATURE FULL SENTENCE

4.2.2 Recommendations for Owner/Entrepreneur - NO NEW REFERENCE LITERATURE - FULL SENTENCE

4.2.3 Recommendations for Employee - NO NEW REFERENCE LITERATURE - FULL SENTENCE

5.0 References (APA Style) - https://libguides.library.usyd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=47913440

6.0 Appendix

6.1 Appendix A: Modified Final Questionnaire (Non-Filled)

6.2 Appendix B: One Sample of Collected Questionnaire (Filled)

6.3 Appendix C: Entire 15 Clients Spreadsheet (Attachment)

6.4 Appendix D: Anything additional that is not included in the report above (Optional)

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