right-1080720004539174214637RIICWD601E
right-1080720004539174214637RIICWD601E
00RIICWD601E
248285901390MANAGE CIVIL WORKS DESIGN PROCESSES
00MANAGE CIVIL WORKS DESIGN PROCESSES
4429057402195STUDENT GUIDE
00STUDENT GUIDE
This resource is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission.
The information contained in this resource is, to the best of the project teams and publishers knowledge true and correct. Every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, but the project team and publisher do not accept responsibility for any loss, injury or damage arising from such information.
contents
TOC h z t "RTO Works Heading 1,1" Overview PAGEREF _Toc103333578 h 4Topic 1: Design requirements and options PAGEREF _Toc103333579 h 5Topic 2: Civil works design support, documentation and review PAGEREF _Toc103333580 h 26
OverviewThe Student Guide should be used in conjunction with the recommended reading and any further course notes or activities given by the trainer/assessor.
Application of the unit
This unit describes the skills and knowledge required to manage civil works design processes, including interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring and supporting design processes and reviewing designs.
It applies to those working in management or technical specialist roles. They generally apply a broad range technical and managerial skills and are responsible for the delivery of complex outputs that meet site requirements.
Licensing, legislative and certification requirements that apply to this unit can vary between states, territories, and industry sectors. Users must check requirements with relevant body before applying the unit.
LEARNING GOALS
Learning goals include:
You are able to interpret and scope design requirements of civil works.
You are able to identify project design options for civil works and determine preferred design option.
You are able to initiate, monitor and support design of civil works.
You are able to prepare and maintain documentation.
You are able to review design of civil works.
You are able to support design implementation of civil works.
Topic 1: Design requirements and options3391535444500Civil construction involves the creation of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, tunnels and dams and so on. Design is of course a key part of creating these structures. This unit focuses on managing civil works design which includes interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring and supporting design processes and reviewing designs. Please note that other units you will study focus on the specifics of preparing a detailed design as relevant to that infrastructure, for example, an urban road or a motorway.
An effectively managed civil works design process facilitates effective outcomes.
3500755134457Image byShivendu ShuklaonUnsplash0Image byShivendu ShuklaonUnsplashIn this first topic, we focus on interpreting and scoping the design requirements for civil works, as well as determining design options.
understanding the project
As you know, the first step in working on any civil works design project is to develop a thorough understanding of the project itself.
You should begin by gathering as much information as you can including:
plans and drawings
specifications
design briefs
engineering survey information
hydrological, meteorological and geotechnical data
cultural and heritage data.
Lets have a look at all of the above in detail:
Plans, drawings and SPECIFICATIONS
Plans are technical drawings they use technical language and many symbols, lines, marks, abbreviations and measurements to communicate information to different parties. Specifications are the written details of the job they communicate to project personnel the materials, workmanship, standards and tolerances of their work.
Design briefs
A design brief defines the clients requirements for the infrastructure needed. It can also be referred to as a project brief. The design or project brief includes information about the clients requirements including overall objectives for the project, deliverables required, the scope of the projects, as well as timing and budget.
Specific design criteria will most likely be in other documentation such as a civil works specification. We will look at this in more detail later on in the topic.
Engineering survey information
You may also be provided with existing engineering survey information. This will essentially relate to the plans, drawings and specifications as described above. This information may also be provided by the client based on previous projects conducted and information available.
Hydrological, meteorological and geotechnical data
Hydrological, meteorological and geotechnical data are all important data that will be needed to inform the civil works design project.
Lets look at each of these:
Hydrological data
Hydrology is essentially the study of water. Hydrological data is vital to a civil works construction project as the information it provides is used to inform the design and build of the infrastructure planned. For example, hydrological data can be used to find out:
maximum probable flood at proposed sites
the relationship between a catchments surface water and groundwater resources.
Essentially the collection and analysis of hydrological data is critical for effective modelling, forecasting, and all types of water resource management
Data may be provided within, for example, technical specifications provided by clients.
It will also be important to work to a clear plan or process to ensure that hydrological factors are taken into account in the civil works design.
Meteorological data
With extreme weather events becoming more common, planning for extreme weather and climate change becomes even more important. Meteorological data helps engineers to design infrastructure, for example, by providing information about rainfall predications.
Meteorological data can be sourced quite easily from the Bureau of Meteorology website. For example, Intensity / Frequency / Duration (IFD) charts are available. Charts for any Australian location can be created on this website using the latitude and longitude of the location.
It will also be important to work to a clear plan or process to ensure that meteorological factors are taken into account in the civil works design.
ACTIVITY: research and discuss
Have a look at Intensity / Frequency / Duration (IFD) charts are available from the Bureau of Meteorology website for the area you are located in.
Participate in a discussion with your trainer and fellow students about how the rainfall data in your area may affect civil construction works.
Geotechnical data
Civil works design projects must be informed by geotechnical data. Geotechnical data provides information about subsurface conditions, soil and ground water. Such data could be informed by existing information that the client can make available to you or by your own investigations.
A site investigation could include:
geological modelling
geotechnical investigations
soil parameter determination
hydrogeological assessment
groundwater extent
soil aggressiveness testing.
ACTIVITY: watch
Watch this interesting video about geotechnical investigations.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqfJFctahM8 (07:14)
Make notes for future reference.
Cultural and heritage data
Civil works design projects must be informed by information about cultural and heritage matters i.e., cultural and heritage data. Such data could be provided by local councils or aboriginal land councils and could include, for example, information on aboriginal archaeological sites or heritage buildings.
Management of cultural and heritage issues would be documented in a Cultural/Heritage Management Plan which is generally a sub plan of an environmental management plan (which is covered in this first topic also).
ACTIVITY: read and discuss
Have a look at this link to the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Sub Plan for the WestConnex Rozelle Interchange in Sydney.
Website: https://www.westconnex.com.au/media/ipnnjty1/rozelle-interchange-aboriginal-cultural-heritage-management-sub-plan-august-2019.pdfWere any aboriginal cultural heritage issues identified?
How would aboriginal cultural heritage issues be addressed if there were any?
Participate in a discussion with your trainer and fellow students.
Once you have reviewed and assessed all of the above information and any other relevant information that you are provided with then you can begin to understand the works required. Its also important to check that you indeed have all the information that you need to meet the requirements of the project.
As well as understanding project requirements, it is also important to manage civil works design processes with an understanding of relevant legislation, standards and codes to ensure that the project is managed according to these requirements.
Before we continue on with looking at design requirements and options, lets have a look at the legislation, standards and codes you need to be aware of and apply at work.
246824524003000LEgislation, standards and codes
There are both a combination of generic and specific civil construction legislation, standards and codes you need to be aware of.
3770630173518Image by Mikhail Pavstyuk on UnsplashImage by Mikhail Pavstyuk on UnsplashThese are as outlined below.
Industrial relations
Understanding the law and your obligations in relation to industrial relations will help you develop good working relationships with workers and reduce the number of disputes in the workplace.
The Queensland Government defines industrial relations as the management of work-related obligations and entitlements between employers and their employees.
The Fair Work Act 2009 is one of the main pieces of legislation that addresses workplace relations in Australia. The Fair Work Commission is Australias workplace relations tribunal and was established by the Fair Work Act.
ACTIVITY: reAD
Read more about what the Fair Work Commissions powers and functions.
Website: https://www.fwc.gov.au/about-us
Read about who is covered and who is not covered by the Fair Work System.
Website: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation/the-fair-work-system#who-is-covered
Read about the Fair Work Act 2009.
Website: https://www.ag.gov.au/industrial-relations/australias-national-workplace-relations-system
Click the links in the article to read more about our fair work laws.
Take any notes to summarise what you have read and keep for future reference.
Environmental management
The impact of construction activities on the environment is well known and steps have been taken over the years to improve work practices and construction practices. In Australia, we have a piece of Commonwealth legislation called the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. We also have state and territory environmental legislation and guidance that provides information about the obligations under legislation.
Common environmental impacts of civil construction works include:
Your state or territory environmental protection authority or relevant government department will provide a wealth of information on environmental management.
The following documents are useful in regard to best practice environmental management:
Environmental management plans (EMPs): EMPs provide information about sustainability, waste management and other environmental issues such as dust control, storm water management, management of noise and vibration and so on.
Job safety and environmental analysis: a job safety and environmental analysis (JSEA) is a planning tool that analyses hazardous work activities and documents the controls that will be put in place, but it also incorporates environmental as well as health and safety issues.
Workplace policies and procedures: most organisations will have procedures in place on how to manage risks to the environment. Procedures will refer to issues such as spill management, working with hazardous materials and substances, waste disposal
SDS: these provide guidance and instructions on the safe use of hazardous substances. In particular, guidance will be provided about the safest ways in which to clean up and dispose of the substance itself and its packaging and associated waste. SDSs will also include directions on what to do in the event of a spill.
Your local council will also have its own requirements. For example, there will be set requirements around hours of work, acceptable levels of noise, waste disposal (what waste can go to landfill or to what must go to dedicated waste facilities) and stormwater protection.
ACTIVITY: Research
Find the website for your local council or another council of your choice and find out their requirements in relation to civil construction works.
Locate the website for your state or territory environment protection agency (or the relevant government department). Look for information relevant to civil construction.
Regardless of your role, you have an obligation to ensure that you and others around you are following the sites EMP, environmental/sustainability procedures and the requirements of the local council and your state or territory government. Consider your responsibilities in this area just like those of WHS role model best practice, be prepared to report any breaches, and assist others to apply best practice.
WHS
One of the key legislative requirements for any civil works is work health and safety. Every person has an obligation to ensure a safe work environment.
The legislation and regulations specific to WHS in Australia are:
Work Health and Safety Act 2011
Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011.
Each state and territory has its own legislative and regulatory instruments.
Image by Mufid Majnun on UnsplashThe WHS Act and WHS Regulations provide a framework for health and safety to:
secure the health and safety of workers and their workplaces
protect workers and other persons against harm to their health, safety and welfare through the elimination of risks arising from work, in accordance with the principle that workers and other persons should be given the highest level of protection against harm to their health, safety and welfare from hazards and risks arising from work as is reasonably practicable
promote continuous improvement and progressively higher standards of work health and safety.
As someone managing a civil works project, you will play an important role in ensuring compliance with WHS legislation.
Relationship between WHS Acts, regulations and codes of practice
The Act provides the broad responsibilities for workplace health and safety.
Regulations provide legally enforceable requirements for managing specific hazards and risks.
Codes of practice these are not legally enforceable (but they can be used in court as evidence that legal requirements have or have not been met). They provide guidance on how you can meet the requirements of the Act and Regulations.
WHS Acts and Regulations and Codes of Practice by state and territory
Safe Work Australia developed a set of model workplace health and safety laws for implementation by the Commonwealth as well as all states and territories. However, it is up to each state and territory to evaluate, regulate and enforce the laws if they choose. At the time of writing, all states and territories except Victoria and Western Australia have implemented the model laws.
You can learn more about the legislation in your state or territory at the links below.
Victoria: https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/occupational-health-and-safety-act-and-regulationsNSW: https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/legal-obligations/legislation
QLD: https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/laws-and-compliance/work-health-and-safety-lawsACT: https://www.worksafe.act.gov.au/about-worksafe-actSA: https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/law-compliance/laws-regulations/legislation#accordion-2NT: https://worksafe.nt.gov.au/laws-and-compliance/workplace-safety-laws
WA: https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe/legislation
Tasmania: https://worksafe.tas.gov.au/topics/laws-and-complianceCommonwealth: https://www.comcare.gov.au/scheme-legislation/whs-actCodes of practice
A model code of practice is a document that provides practical guidance to principal contractors and PCBUs about how to meet their health and safety requirements under the Model WHS Act and Regulations.
Model codes of practice have been developed for general high-risk activities that occur across a range of industries. For example:
excavation work
managing the risk of falls at workplaces
managing noise and preventing hearing loss at work
confined spaces
demolition work
preventing falls in housing construction
hazardous manual tasks
how to manage and control asbestos in the workplace
how to safely remove asbestos.
A model code of practice has also been developed for construction work. This code of practice has been developed to provide guidance to PCBUs on how to eliminate and/or control risks to safety in a construction environment. It also provides useful guidance to others involved in the industry.
You will rely heavily on the Construction work Code of Practice for your state or territory to ensure your organisation is meeting its health and safety obligations.
You can download the code at the link below.
Website: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/system/files/documents/1901/code_of_practice_-_construction_work.pdfOther relevant codes of practice include:
managing WHS risks
demolition work
excavation work
hazardous manual tasks
confined spaces
first aid in the workplace
asbestos control and management
safe removal of asbestos
managing electrical risks
hazardous chemicals
crystalline silica
managing noise.
WHS systems
Comprehensive WHS systems must be in place for every project before commencement. These should include:
a site safety management plan for every site
SWMS for high risk activities
emergency evacuation procedures
induction processes
safety policies and procedures
hazard identification and reporting, risk management and controls
the processes in place to ensure that the safety plan is constantly reviewed and updated.
Safe work method statement (SWMS)
The nature of construction means that it is an industry of high-risk for injury and even death to its workforce, visitors and bystanders. A SWMS is a planning tool that identifies the hazards andrisks associated with those activities and documents the controls that will be put in place to control the risks and ensure the work will be done safely. A SWMS must be in place wherever high-risk activities will take place. You will find references to SWMS throughout the majority of your studies (and your career).
One of the most important things to do when developing a SWMS or a JSEA SWMS (or a JSEA as it is also sometimes called) is to consult with the people that it will affect. They are the ones who know the task well and know the risks involved.
SDSs
As mentioned earlier, SDSs provide guidance and instructions on the safe use of hazardous substances. It is a legal requirement that employers have up to date SDSs available on site of all hazardous substances that are currently stored and being used.
Diversity in the workplace
It is safe to assume that throughout your career you will lead and work with people from diverse groups and those who have different abilities and needs.
The benefits of diversity include:
improved wellbeing of employees
improved confidence for all people to share ideas, experiences and innovations
access to a broader range of ideas
access to a broader range of skills and knowledge
access to a broader talent pool
increased understanding of diverse groups.
Diversity is more than just culture, it is about how each person identifies in relation to their:
age
race
ethnicity
cultural background
sexual orientation
gender
gender identity
intersex status
socio-economic background
disability status
religious affiliation
spiritual beliefs.
33705806651200Some people feel very strongly about their identity, their beliefs and the way in which they live their lives. Part of your role in leading teams is to provide leadership and support that is non-judgmental, respectful and sensitive. Employees and contractors must feel welcome, appreciated and understood. Your behaviour and ability to communicate and interact with people from diverse backgrounds plays an important role in how they feel about coming to work.
3958590461482Image by Nicholas Swatz on PexelsImage by Nicholas Swatz on PexelsBefore we look at the ways in which social and cultural competency can be demonstrated in the workplace, it is important to understand the legislative requirements that guide socially and culturally sensitive practice.
Legal considerations for diversity
Its vital to ensure a culturally and socially safe workplace. Everyone has the right to be treated equally and to receive support that meets their varied and individual needs. Actions contrary to this are considered discriminatory. Discriminatory behaviour is when prejudices and biases are openly demonstrated. The person or people being discriminated against are treated unfairly, poorly or are not given access to the same types of services and support as others.
We have laws in place to protect people from discrimination. There are four key Federal anti-discrimination laws:
Age Discrimination Act 2004: this Act makes it unlawful for people to be discriminated against due to their age (the Act covers any age, not just those who are aged). The Act covers employment and other areas of life in which people may experience discrimination due to age.
Disability Discrimination Act 1992: this Act makes it unlawful for people with disability to be discriminated against. Like the Age Discrimination Act 2004, this Act also applies to a broad range of areas of life.
Racial Discrimination Act 1975: this Act makes it unlawful to discriminate against people in certain contexts due to their race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin.
Sex Discrimination Act 1984: this Act makes it unlawful to discriminate against people on the basis of their sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, intersex status, marital or relationship status, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Access the following links to learn more about the key principles each of the above Federal anti-discrimination laws.
Note: You will need to click the links to access more information about the Disability Discrimination Act 1992.
Age discrimination.
Website: https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/GPGB_age_discrimination.pdfDisability discrimination (pay particular focus to the links Who does the D.D.A. protect? and Buying goods and using services).
Website: https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/disability-rights/brief-guide-disability-discrimination-actRacial discrimination.
Website: https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/GPGB_racial_discrimination.pdfSex discrimination.
Website: https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/sex-discrimination/about-sex-discriminationEach state also has its own law that relate to anti-discrimination or equal employment opportunity:
Northern Territory: Anti-Discrimination Act 1996
New South Wales: Anti-Discrimination Act 1977
Queensland: Anti-Discrimination Act 1991
South Australia: Equal Opportunity Act 1984
Victoria: Equal Opportunity Act 2010
Australian Capital Territory: Discrimination Act 1991
Western Australia: Equal Opportunity Act 1984
Tasmania: Anti-Discrimination Act 1998.
All workplaces should have policies and procedures in place that address the standard of behaviour expected by workers (note that some workplaces may cover these in their code of conduct). These standards and the consequences of not following them may be part of a recruitment policy or there may be a specific anti-discrimination and harassment policy. Failure to comply with these types of policies could lead to disciplinary action, additional training and possibly termination of employment.
What can you do to ensure discrimination and harassment arent practiced?
Implement mandatory training programs.
Place posters around the site, such as in team rooms, administrative buildings etc.
Implement flexible working arrangements.
Ensure inclusion is a part of policies and procedures.
Discuss incidents with workers in a timely manner. Dont let issues fester.
What can you do for yourself?
Role model appropriate behaviour. Often people dont realise it, but they can take on the attitudes and behaviours of those they spend a lot of time with.
Talk to people! Getting to know a person and learning about them is just one way of becoming more culturally aware.
When you want to ask questions, think about the best way you can ask them dont be rude, dont diminish the person or their beliefs or customs. Make it a positive experience and make it about the person. You want to know about them, why they practice or do what they do, and how it makes them feel.
Check yourself! Reflect on your interactions with others what did you do well, what could you have done better, what did you learn? How can you apply your learnings in future?
Observe others. Watch how people communicate, both verbally and non-verbally. We dont all do the same things, and some things may in fact be quite offensive to others. Watch for actions and reactions.
Do not take offence if someone asks you to talk about yourself and your own beliefs, customs and culture. The more we share, the more tolerant and understanding we can become!
Learn by doing research.
Pass it on if you see someone acting in an inappropriate manner, it is your job to call it out! The person may not even be aware they are doing it.
standards
There are a range of Australian Standards that apply to civil construction works and that must be adhered to when designing and building these structures. Examples include:
AS/NZS 1170.0:2002 - Structural design actions, Part 0: General principles
This Australian Standard sets out the procedure for structural design. It includes design procedures, reference to design actions, combinations of actions, detailing for robustness, methods of analysis and methods for confirmation of a limit states design. This Standard also includes several other parts including Part 2 and 3 and relating to wind actions and snow and ice actions.
AS 3600:2018 Concrete structures
This Australian Standard specifies minimum requirements for the design and construction of concrete building structures and members that contain reinforcing steel or tendons, or both.
AS 4100:2020 Steel structures
This Australian Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design and the engineering aspects of fabrication and erection, and modification of steelwork in structures in accordance with the limit states design method. It applies to buildings, structures and cranes constructed of steel.
There are also many other specific and general Standards that apply and specific to the type of civil works structure. For example, AS 4825 refers to Tunnel Fire Safety. It is also important to carefully review design criteria documentation to see if there is any information included on Standards that apply and design references in general.
ACTIVITY: research and discuss
Think about a civil works design project of your choice. What Australian Standards would apply and how?
Make notes to share in a discussion with your student group.
design criteria
Now that we have looked some important initial requirements, lets go back to looking at the design process.
Clients will have design criteria requirements which must be addressed by the design and design process. These requirements can be quite general relating to the works as a whole or specific to the civil construction works.
These requirements can cover, for example:
General requirements such as:
the format in which designs have to be submitted
site plan inclusion such as site features, services, trees and levels and scale
the types of plans required
to whom and when designs have to be provided
insurance requirements.
impact study requirements, for example, a traffic impact study if relevant to the civil works
environmental impacts and site history.
Specific requirements in relation to different types of civil works, for example, if the civil works is a road, the design criteria may relate to:
standards, legislation and regulations that the design needs to adhere to.
road classification
road width and geometry considerations
design speed
footpaths
kerbs
intersection design
and so on
Clients may also have other factors that relate to the development and implementation of the works that need to be considered. For example, they may provide you with existing data such as geological, hydrological and meteorological data.
It is crucial that you understand and apply these requirements in terms of developing a design so that it can be assured that the design will meet the requirements set.
ACTIVITY: reAD
Look at the infrastructure guidelines at the link below. These guidelines provide the design criteria for all new or modified civil works.
Website: https://www.salisbury.sa.gov.au/assets/files/sharedassets/public/website_digitalpublications/development_-_development_engineering/city_of_salisbury_infrastructure_guidelines_march_2019.pdf
Also look at the Department of Transport and Main Roads Design Criteria for Bridge and Other Structures.
Website: https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/-/media/busind/techstdpubs/Bridges-marine-and-other-structures/Bridge-design-and-assessment-criteria-manual/DesignCriteriaforBridgesandOtherStructures.pdf?la=enTake any notes to summarise what you have read and keep for future reference.
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONs
Once you have interpreted the scope of the design requirements, you can proceed to the stage of developing functional specifications for the civil works design project.
A functional specification describes the critical requirements for, and features of a design project. It is essentially a blueprint for the project.
The best way to develop a functional specification is to collaborate with project stakeholders. This could be both the client and internal staff, as well as other external parties such as architects. Collaborating with others on the functional specification will also mean that everyone is onboard with the current direction.
ACTIVITY: reAD
Read the following article about writing a functional specification.
Article: https://www.engineeringclicks.com/10-tips-for-writing-a-functional-specification/
Also refer back to the Department of Transport and Main Roads Design Criteria for Bridge and Other Structures document. Look at pages 123 125, this essentially is a functional statement for a tunnel.
272097538370300Innovation
When identifying design options, its important to be as innovative as possible by exploring innovative procedures for developing the design concept.
4132580939328Image by UNIBOA on UnsplashImage by UNIBOA on UnsplashA good example of this is the use of augmented reality (AR) technology which can be used for designs and is especially useful in determining whether the design will really work.
ACTIVITY: reAD
Read this article from New Engineer about the use of AR.
Article: https://www.newcivilengineer.com/innovative-thinking/innovative-thinker-david-mitchell-on-using-augmented-reality-in-design-02-03-2022/Design options
Once you have understood all the requirements for the project, you can start to investigate and analyse potential design concepts. As indicated at the outset, you will learn about different design options for specific structures in other units that you will study and that focus these structures so here we are just looking at general processes you need to follow to investigate potential design concepts that meet design requirements.
Essentially the process for identifying and evaluation design options is as follows:
Understand requirements of the project (as addressed previously in this topic)
Develop potential design concepts
Assess each design as to its suitability in terms of requirements
Consult with others on the design such as clients and internal stakeholders
Choose the best design
Modify the chosen design as required
Develop a detailed design for the chosen design concept.
The presentation in the link in the activity below is a great example of different design concepts that may be possible for an urban street.
ACTIVITY: WATCH
Watch this great video about how to develop a concept design and it also includes some information about finding out more about geological data.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZbfR4TCvT0 (14:46)
Participate in a discussion with your group about the best software to use to develop a concept design.
ACTIVITY: READ and discuss
Review this project for an urban street design.
Website: https://www.cutr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Morgan-Street-Booklet-Final.pdf
Write down your thoughts about each design and share this with your group.
Once the preferred design concept is chosen then it will be a matter of proceeding to developing and implementing the design.
DESIGN COST CALCULATIONS
A key part of your role will be to identify costs in order to develop a budget and then to use the budget to control costs. Cost management is a way of managing project costs.
Your client may also require you to cost the design work as part of the project. Therefore, you need to know about how to cost the design work.
This will be most easily achieved by develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The WBS can be used to determine costs for all of the tasks associated with the design development. A WBS includes:
a breakdown of work to be carried out
the overall scope of the project.
You will find out more about WBS in the next topic.
Estimating project costs
To develop a cost for the design process, the first step will be to undertake cost estimating. Cost estimating is essentially forecasting the costs.
Costs can consist of:
Direct costs e.g., salaries for project team members, specific equipment for the project, travel.
Indirect costs e.g., overheads that relate to the business such as rent, cost of fixtures and fittings, administrative costs.
Variable cost where the cost varies.
Fixed cost where the cost remains stable.
The following is a broad list of information that you will need in order to estimate costs for a project:
WBS describing all the tasks under each activity and related costs.
Resource requirements such as staffing, equipment, materials.
The cost of resources, for example how much to charge for project team members, the cost of equipment or materials needed.
How long it will take for each project task to be completed (these will be estimates and provide timelines). For example, if project team members working on coding are required for three days, then this gives you an idea of how much that activity will cost in human resources.
Software and a cost estimating method.
Any other relevant information or historical data that can support an accurate estimate. For example, looking at similar past projects.
Cost estimating methods
There are cost estimating methods that can be used to estimate costs. The most widely used cost estimating techniques are:
Expert judgement using the experience and knowledge of experts to estimate the cost of a project. For example, the experts could be project managers who have worked on other projects.
Analogous estimating this approach uses historical data from similar projects and the estimate can be adjusted based on known differences between the projects. This type of project is often used in the early stages of a projects as an estimate only. It is not a very reliable estimation.
Parametric estimating this approach uses statistical modelling to develop a cost estimate/ the modelling is based on historical data to calculate estimates.
Three-point estimating this approach is used to reduce uncertainties in estimating assumptions and uses the PERT method for estimating. This can provide quite an accurate estimate because of its lack of bias.
Bottom-up estimating this approach is the most time consuming, but its advantage is that it is very accurate. The cost of all activities in a project are calculated and then added up.
The method that is chosen will be dependent upon the:
complexity of the project
size of the project
level of accuracy required
when it is needed by
reporting requirements.
ACTIVITY: READ AND WATCH
Read more about cost estimating.
Website: https://www.project-management-skills.com/project-cost-estimating.html
Watch the following video about time and cost estimating.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8rAAYT5A5k (11:56)
Write down your key takeaways.
client collaboration and approval
Client collaboration is an important part of the design process. As the person managing the design process, it is important to understand this as effective collaboration with the client will facilitate an effective process.
Throughout the civil works design process, you will need to communicate with the client in a number of areas including:
understanding their requirements
providing advice about matter such as environmental management and community relations
discussing potential design concepts
resolving issues associated with the design concepts.
adjusting and improving designs
agreeing on a preferred design.
This process also ensures that your design is thoroughly reviewed and validated.
You may communicate with clients in a range of ways including:
face to face meetings
phone calls
emails
reports.
All of the above ways of communication include different type of communication equipment including predominantly computers, tablets and phones. If you are presenting work to a client, you may use other communication equipment such as a projector to provide your presentation.
Communication techniques
Effective communication techniques are vital for client collaboration. To be an effective communicator, it is important to:
engage with your audience in a respectful and relevant way, adapting your style to suit the audience
motivate others to communicate respectfully by considering the needs of everyone involved including differences in perspective
explain complex information positively to influence others, presenting information in a succinct, clear and persuasive manner.
The way you communicate is a prime determinant of how you are regarded by others in the workplace. Those who are respectful, inclusive and honest in their communication develop a strong and positive relationship with people. Maybe you have experienced someone who communicates in a way that leaves others confused and deflated. Or maybe your experiences are positive and associated with others who communicate in a way that motivate and inspire, set clear expectations and create a team culture of cooperation and collaboration.
ACTIVITY: READ
Read the article on communication styles.
Article: https://www.forbes.com/sites/markmurphy/2015/08/06/which-of-these-4-communication-styles-are-you/?sh=48d5e7913adb
Take notes and keep them for future reference.
Active listening skills are also important for communication. These skills include:
facing the other person so they can read your facial expressions and you can see and read theirs
paying attention to the other person and avoiding distractions and interruptions
asking questions to show you are engaged
encouraging the other person to continue talking to obtain more information (such as smiling, nodding, saying I see, interesting or go on)
taking notes to demonstrate you are paying attention
leaning slightly forward and making eye contact to show interest
paraphrasing what the other person says to prove you have heard and understood
not interrupting
empathising with the other person
not being judgemental about what the other person is saying
forming visualisations of what the other person is talking about
looking for emphasis the other person places on certain words or how they state certain facts or phrases.
reading non-verbal cues.
reading between the lines.
Negotiation
In your work as a civil works design manager, you may also need to negotiate with clients or a range of others such as staff. Your negotiations could address a range of areas such as processes to be followed, timelines and budget.
ACTIVITY: reflect, watch, discuss and read
What do you think of when you hear the word negotiation?
Watch the video showing a negotiation scene.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CdixDzE7I0 (01:00)
As a group, discuss how the video youve just watched is similar AND dissimilar to workplace negotiation.
Read the articles on negotiation skills and techniques.
Article 1: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/negotiation.html
Article 2: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/negotiation-skills-daily/top-10-negotiation-skills/
Take notes and keep them for future reference.
Community relations
Community relations is important in relation to civil construction works as works can have multiple community impacts from noise, dust, street closures to utility disruptions that may affect many stakeholders.
Creating a coordinated community relations plan that complements a projects schedule and/or appointing a construction community liaison person are important strategies for managing expectations of key stakeholders.Successful community relationscan help ease public concerns around a complex civil works project and build positive and productive relationships that benefit a project beyond its completion.
Further part of supporting the design implementation will also be to seek feedback from the community on the final design.
ACTIVITY: READ and discuss
Review the link below to see a Stakeholder and Community Involvement Plan for a new train station.
Website: https://nrt.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/NWRLOTS-NRT-PRD-PM-PLN-000879-07-NRT-Stakeholder-Community-Involvement-Plan-Cudgegong-Road-Station-SMTF.pdfMake notes on the communication tools used and key messages. How do you think these ensure the success of the project?
Why is it important to ensure clients understand the impact of civil works on local communities?
Make notes to share in a discussion with your student group.
Design working models
Your assessment will require you to develop a working model of the preferred design concept.
ACTIVITY: practical
Your trainer and assessor will review the software with you that you will use to create a working model and provide examples to show you what this looks like and how to create these working models using the software.
Topic 2: Civil works design support, documentation and reviewThis topic is about initiating, monitoring and supporting the design of civil works. We will look at resources, processes and systems analysis and selection, as well as planning and coordination of tasks and final checking of the design solution.
We will also look at documentation preparation and maintenance as well as reviewing civil works design.
resources processes and systems
As part of initiating, monitoring and supporting the design of civil works, you will need to make sure there are suitable and sufficient resources, processes and systems in place.
352679021399500Resources
When we talk about resources, we are talking physical resources, digital resources, or human resources. These resources are the things we require to complete civil works design processes.
Resources help us to get a job done. When managing resources, the objective of the project should be taken into account to ensure the purpose and function of the resource is relevant. This is about making sure that the right resources are acquired to get the job done efficiently, on time and in budget.
right493339Image by Jeriden Villegas on UnsplashImage by Jeriden Villegas on UnsplashThe required specifications of physical resources (such as machinery or facilities) and human resources are usually identified project by project.
Human resources
Essentially, human resources are people. When looking at human resource needs, you need to identify the people required to complete project activities.
Human resources may be internal (e.g., existing staff members or new employees) or external (e.g., consultants).
Physical resources
Physical resources include, for example, plant, equipment including IT hardware/software, facilities and transport. It is important to analyse what resources are required and plan for the resources to be put in place.
A physical resource may be specialised (e.g., a specific machine to produce a product or software required to manage a process) or general (e.g., office furniture, computers and phones).
A good example of equipment that is used in civil works is CAD software on a computer. CAD software was developed to speed up the process of technical drawings and is used in many different industries, not just construction. For those skilled in its use, the software can be used to quickly draft and edit a broad range of drawings, including the standard symbols and line drawings.
ACTIVITY: watch and research
Watch the following video about CAD software that is used for drafting plans.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ubinuatOsQ (04:01)
Now conduct your own research about two types of CAD software. What are the characteristics and limitation of each software?
Make notes as you will be able to use this to answer one of the knowledge questions in your assessment.
Physical resources can also include materials need to construct the structure that is being designed, for example, concrete to be used in rigid pavements or steel to be used in bridges.
ACTIVITY: research
Think about a structure that you might be involved in designing. Identify two materials that might be used to construct it. What are the characteristics and limitations of each material?
Make notes as you will be able to use this to answer one of the knowledge questions in your assessment.
PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS
As well as resources, it will be important to analyse and select processes and systems that are required to develop the design.
We have looked at some of these processes and systems already in Topic 1, for example, work health and safety requirements, as well as environmental management and cultural and heritage management.
Other processes and systems that you may need to be aware of and apply include:
risk assessment and management
quality management
documentation management and maintenance
review processes.
Lets look at some of these in more detail.
Risk Assessment and management
Risk management is a critical element of any organisation. Risk is ever-present in many workplace activities.
The typical risk management process essentially comprises of four steps or stages. The names given to the four steps/stages can differ, but the basics of the model remain the same. The steps (shown in the next figure) are:
risk identification
risk analysis
risk mitigation (or control)
monitoring implemented risk control measures.
Lets look at each of these steps.
How do I identity risks?
A structured and formal approach is needed to help ensure no risks are overlooked.
The approach may involve stakeholders or require research.
Options for identifying risks include:
meetings featuring the risk management team
conducting a series of meetings with the stakeholders you have identified and invited
referencing previous risk management documentation to see what other risk management teams considered
distributing questionnaires and/or surveys to stakeholders (as an alternative to holding meetings)
referencing what has happened in similar local, national and overseas organisations
noting the decisions of court cases where significant damages were awarded, or serious penalties issued
discussing new obligations imposed by legislation with the companys legal advisor
reviewing internal risk-related reports
employing the services of a fee-for-service risk consultant.
What happens after Ive identified and researched all possible risks?
Once risks have been researched, a detailed analysis of each risk is required to determine:
potential outcomes
the likelihood of the potential outcome occurring
the impact or consequence if the outcome occurs
prioritising risks
establishing potential risk treatments.
How do I determine the likelihood of a risk occurring?
For all risks the business elects to manage, the likelihood of each risk occurring must be estimated. This may be done using words or numbers, for example:
Words Numbers
Rare 1
Unlikely 2
Likely 3
Very likely 4
Establishing the likelihood of the risk occurring requires the risk management team to decide how likely or probable it is that the risk will materialise into an actual negative event.
Making these decisions requires the exercise of personal judgement using as many legitimate reference points as possible. Keys to making this decision include:
examining internal historical records about the occurrence and timing of similar scenarios
referencing industry-wide records relating to the occurrence and timing of similar scenarios
asking managers in professional networks of contacts how they rate the same or similar likelihoods and what they base their ratings on
working with government bodies to determine if they have any guidelines in this regard
being as realistic and objective as possible (striving to be neither optimistic nor pessimistic)
seeking qualitative and quantitative input from stakeholders and other professionals and experts
realising some risks will be more difficult to decide probability to than others (some require more detailed analysis or consideration).
ACTIVITY: read
If youre interested in a more detailed explanation of calculating likelihood, read the article below.
Article: https://www.dummies.com/careers/project-management/assessing-the-likelihood-of-a-risk-in-your-project/How do I establish the impact or consequence of a risk eventuating?
The likelihood and impact are normally worked out at the same time. The same principles described above for deciding likelihood apply again here. An example of descriptive words and numbers that may be used to describe the impact of the risk are:
Words Numbers
Minor 1
Moderate 2
Significant 3
Catastrophic 4
ACTIVITY: read
If youre interested in a more detailed explanation of developing consequences, read the article below.
Article: https://paladinrisk.com.au/risk-tip-3-developing-consequence-matrix/
How do I prioritise risks?
Once the likelihood and impact have been establishing, a risk rating can be calculated by multiplying them together.
Risk = impact x likelihood
Take a look at the example and make sure you understand how risk is calculated.
Risk Potential outcomes Likelihood (0 4) Impact rating (0 4) Risk
Dust storm causes a truck driver to have an accident. Truck needs to be repaired 3 2 6
Driver injured 2 4 8
Other vehicles damaged 1 3 3
Once a risk has been analysed, you can choose to address the higher rated risks first (see the risk matrix below).
A risk matrix is the graphical representation of the risk impact and likelihood for each of the risks that have been addressed. It:
allows everyone to quickly and easily see the level of risk presented by each risk.
provides information to help prioritise the risk for treatment.
indicates what action may need to be taken on terms of treatment.
A sample risk matrix is shown below:
Severity
Minor Moderate Significant Catastrophic
Likelihood Very likely Moderate High Extreme Extreme
Likely Low Moderate High Extreme
Unlikely Very low Low Moderate High
Rare Very low Very low Low Moderate
The risk matrix can be used to assist with prioritisation for example in the following way:
Other factors that may be considered to prioritise risks are:
any controls that are already in place
the potential cost to the business if the risk is allowed to continue un-treated as is in the event that the risk actually occurs
available resources and cost to address the risk
legislated obligations
the amount of risk the business is prepared to accept/carry.
Which actions can I take to address risks?
Once risks have been prioritised, address each risk according to the priority it was given.
Treatment of risk refers to the way the business will handle the risk.
Depending on the risk and its consequences, different actions can be taken to address it (in other words mitigate the risk). These actions are usually one of the following:
avoid the risk (for example, avoid the risk of employees being distracted by not allowing them access to any social media sites during business hours)
prevent the risk (for example, prevent data leakages by limiting the number of people who have access to sensitive information)
contain the risk (for example, contain the risk of hackers accessing data by installing a stronger firewall)
accept the risk (when the risk level is very low, when the treatment cost is much higher than the cost of the damage or when the benefit of taking the risk far outweighs the potential damage)
transfer the risk (for example, seeking legal advice about employee contracts).
Factors to consider when deciding on a risk treatment option include:
acceptability of proposed decision/s to all
the risk level and priority of the individual risk
cost to address the risk
continuity of effects
contracts already in place
cost effectiveness
the economic and social environment surrounding the risk
legislated obligations and compliance imperatives
the possibility of the treatment creating another risk
timing necessities
sustainability of the proposed treatment.
How do I monitor the risk management process?
As you monitor the risk management process, evaluate each step to:
judge its effectiveness
learn lessons for future risk management
improve existing risk actions.
Options for evaluating include:
Process-based evaluation (assessing the effectiveness or success of the processes used).
Goals-based (judging the success or effectiveness of plans based on how close they came to achieving their stated goal/s).
Outcomes-based (looking at all the results and effects of the plan: the positive and the negative).
The focus of evaluation can include:
processes followed in the risk management process to see if they are being implemented as intended, and whether or not they are working
the scope of risk management that was decided to see if anything has changed necessitating an increase or decrease in that scope
the business environment within which the organisation is operating to see if new risks have emerged or if identified risks have varied significantly
satisfaction levels of stakeholders with action taken to manage risks
treatment options applied to see whether they remain viable and legitimate or if they need to be changed
incidents that occurred during the period
resources allocated to the process to determine if they are sufficient/adequate and/or appropriate.
Quality management during the design process
Quality management can be at an organisational level and/or at a project level. As we are talking about managing civil works design processes and specific projects for this unit, we will look at quality management at a project level.
Quality is a subjective measure, often meaning different things to different people. In project quality planning, the level of quality required of each of the project deliverables needs to be determined and agreed with key stakeholders before the project commences.Also, it is important to determine which of the quality aspects are most important to key stakeholders. Some examples are:
Assurances that the project outcomes meet the desired requirements.
Ensuring that compliances are upheld.
Performance measures are met as closely as possible.
How well project outcomes meet its objectives.
Project quality management includes the processes and activities needed to determine and achieve project quality.
Quality management involves three distinct phases that relate to the project lifecycle stages:
Quality planning.
Quality assurance.
Quality control.
By following these phases, projects work toward quality standards defined in each of the lifecycle stages.
Michael L Young has put together six key factors for managing project quality:
Key Success Factor 1: A Good Plan
The Plan, Do, Check, Act cycle is fundamental to achieving project quality. The overall project plan should include a plan for how the project manager and team will maintain quality standards throughout the project's cycle.
Key Success Factor 2: Appropriate Communication
Despite good project planning and scheduling, poor or absent communication with team members and stakeholders can bring a project undone. Project managers need excellent communication skills and a comprehensive scheme that encourages formal and informal discussion of expectations, innovation, progress and results.
Key Success Factor 3: Manage Stakeholders
Stakeholders include everyone who has an interest in, can influence or is affected by the project's implementation or outcomes. To engage stakeholders, identify who they are, analyse their concerns and what they need to know and then prepare a strategy to provide the appropriate amount of information and opportunities for involvement.
Key Success Factor 4: Good Measurement
Early in the process it is important to identify the key outcomes and outputs of the project and how you will measure whether they have been delivered. Implement processes that measure progress, both qualitatively and quantitatively, throughout the project at individual, team and whole project levels. This ensures that problems can be identified early, and successful tactics can be promulgated throughout the project.
Key Success Factor 5: Constant Review
Along with good measurement go good review mechanisms. Successful project managers diligently and regularly review progress against the schedule, budget and quality elements of the project. Regular review allows problems to be identified early so that corrective action can be taken to keep the project on track. Review also helps team members to learn and improve their skills.
Key Success Factor 6: Act Early
Measurement and review are important, but they are only effective if the project manager takes action on issues identified. Leaving problems to be fixed up later is a recipe for disaster. Simple issues should be addressed immediately. More complex issues should be added for action into the project plan and resources allocated to address them.
Source: https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/6-success-factors-for-managing-project-quality.phpProject Quality Management Plan
A project quality management plan is a formal framework that defines the project management process that will be applied to ensure that the project is managed in accordance with relevant methodologies and standards.
Image by Pixabay on PexelsDeveloping a quality management plan for a project increases certainty and also reduces the risk of a project failure. Inadequate project management processes can result in a project failing to meet defined and agreed standards. A project quality management plan is developed to provide:
an overview of the quality methodologies and standards to be adopted in managing the project and in the production of the outputs
agreed processes for the management of changes, problems, issues and incidents that emerge during the production of the outputs
confirmation of the roles and responsibilities of relevant parties in the projects governance structure in the production of the outputs
a documented framework to ensure the production of quality project outputs and the application of quality project management processes.
ACTIVITY: reAD
Read more information on project quality management at the following link.
Website: https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/articles/what-is-project-quality-management/#gref
Quality management planning, assurance and control.
Website: www.projects.uts.edu.au/stepbystep/planning5.htm
Take any notes to summarise what you have read and keep for future reference.
project planning
Coordinating design tasks to ensure that the required outcomes of the project, as well as the budget is met is very important. In order to coordinate the design tasks, you need to have a clear idea of the tasks that need to be completed.
A work breakdown structure is a useful project tool for identifying tasks, responsibilities and timelines. It can also be used to monitor whether tasks have been completed to time and budget. Information on this is included below.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The Work Breakdown Structure is a breakdown of all the activities and tasks that make up a project. It is a tool used to break down work into manageable chunks.
A WBS will include goals, objectives, tasks and subtasks. It is represented in a hierarchical format, either using a graphical tree or line structure. It is a top-down breakdown with the highest level at the top.
Key steps involved in a WBS include:
listing all of the project outputs
identifying all of the activities required to deliver the project outputs
subdividing activities into sub activities and tasks
identifying the deliverables and milestones of each task
identifying costs of resources (staff and materials) for each task.
Decomposition is an important technique for breaking project objectives into achievable project deliverables. The Work breakdown structure under this method is the top layer that includes the decompositions. Each layer thereafter is a further breakdown of the layer above. PMBOK describe the Work breakdown structure as a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to meet project objective and achieve the required deliverable. Hence the term decomposition.
Work breakdown structures can be very complex. Following are some methods used for segmenting and documenting a work breakdown structure:
Task orientated Defines the deliverables of the project in terms of the actions that must be completed in order to produce the project outcomes.
Noun-orientated Deliverables orientated WHS, sometimes known as a product breakdown structure. Thus, the elements would relate to each sub-system of the product e.g., Automobile engine if a car is the project.
Time-phased This is a method used when the project is expected to take a long period of time. Major phases are therefore shown in the WBS with only the closest phase being planned.
The WBS can be represented in a list or table format. WBS use codes to identify each unique activity along with the task and phase to which it belongs. For example:
WBS 01-03-05-01
Project number 1
Phase 3
Task 5
Activity 1
The method for breaking down the tasks can be varied; however, you will need to address the following:
The following activities should be included in planning and development:
Activity definition
Writing an activity list
Identification of milestones
Decomposition
WBS
Activity sequencing
Critical path analysis
PERT
Gantt charts
Activity resource estimation
Resources such as equipment, materials, etc.
Human resources
Activity duration estimation
Whether its most likely or what the worst-case scenario would be
Once the project activities have been defined along with sequencing, estimates and relationship between tasks have been checked then the WBS can be completed.
There are a number of project management tools that you can use to sequence the project tasks. This can include:
Network diagrams
Gantt Charts.
What you use will be dependent upon the organisational policies and procedures and will be within the project scope and governance requirements.
ACTIVITY: practical
Look at pages 23 to 25 of the document at the following link.
Website: https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/-/media/busind/techstdpubs/Bridges-marine-and-other-structures/Bridge-design-and-assessment-criteria-manual/DesignCriteriaforBridgesandOtherStructures.pdf?la=enDevelop a Gantt Chart for the key phases of the project.
Submit to your trainer/assessor for feedback.
Leading and coordinating a team
As a someone managing civil works design processes and project teams, you will have a range of responsibilities including:
Implementing processes to improve individual performance and overall project effectiveness and taking required actions.
Monitoring and reporting on internal and external influences on individual and project team performance and morale.
Implementing procedures for interpersonal communication, counselling, and conflict resolution so as to maintain a positive work environment.
Identifying and managing conflict to minimise impact on achievement of project objectives.
Processes to improve performance and project effectiveness
This could be through team reviews, progress reports, reports from software management tools.
Regular team meetings will allow the team to discuss all the aspects of the project. It can help to identify things that are working well and things that are not.
Project team meetings can identify:
progress on a project
how an individual is performing
checking the schedule is on target along with costs and achievement of goals
end of project pluses and minuses.
A project manager will need to provide leadership and commitment to the team and regularly check individual progress and effectiveness of the team as a whole.
To assist in achieving project outcomes, a project manager will need to:
ensure that the is no scope creep and all team members understand their role and tasks for completion
check that deliverables are being met
ensuring the project schedule is running to the milestones and as planned
analysing any variances using tools such as a Gantt chart to track visually
keeping track of any issues
addressing the project risk management plan for any issues that may arise
creating a status report or progress report for senior management
manage the project team with particular note to the WBS.
Furthermore, a project manager will need to continually monitor, track, review all team members performance and assigned activities, taking any remedial action when necessary. This will also include:
monitoring and controlling effort against deliverables and performance
review of skill levels against assigned tasks (looking at any variances)
training, mentoring, coaching or reassigning responsibilities
communicating any issues or responsibilities that are not being met
using reporting mechanisms
initiating change requests
reporting costs against the budget.
Internal and external influences
Internal and external influences on a project teams performance and morale can be:
Internal
decision making
norms and rules
team composition
task structure
External
overall organisational culture
training provided
reward systems
information systems available
What you use will be dependent upon the organisational policies and procedures and will be within the project scope and governance requirements.
ACTIVITY: RESEARCH AND DISCUSS
Choose two of these influences and research how they can impact the teams performance. What measures would you put in place to address the impact.
The trainer/assessor will facilitate a discussion about the outcomes from the research.
Maintaining a positive working environment
Fostering a positive workplace environment makes good business sense. A positive workplace is characterised by respect that supports employee engagement. It also creates a high-performance culture that encourages innovation and creativity.
Organisations seen as positive places to work will always have a competitive edge because they attract and retain highly skilled staff. This is an important consideration in today's tight labour market.
A positive workplace environment is likely to result in less absenteeism and employee turnover, fewer cases of fraud, better safety practices, and improved staff wellbeing.
Source and further information from: http://www.apsc.gov.au/ACTIVITY: research and discuss
Create a list of 8 tips to maintaining a positive working environment.
The trainer/assessor will facilitate discussion about the outcome.
ACTIVITY: read
Read the following article on principles for effective team management.
Article: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-principles-effective-team-management-yuliia-chandrovna
Take any notes to summarise what you have read and keep for future reference.
When undertaking project work, maintaining a positive working environment can involve:
clarifying performance objectives
regular feedback
recognition and reward
effective management of poor performance
counselling, training/mentoring
learning and development
evaluating overall team performance
managing under performance
managing poor performance.
Performance reviews
Performance management is used to ensure that all employees are performing as required. Performance reviews are used for monitoring and evaluating performance. They are often held annually and provide an opportunity for employees and managers to discuss how well they have performed over the year. They can often include performance standards and key performance indicators and can include:
an assessment of how an employee is performing in their work role
evaluation of an employees work performance
identification of strengths and weaknesses
setting future goals
an individuals code of conduct and behaviour.
Performance reviews are often linked to salary reviews, incentives and to identify any training or development needs.
Following are some simple steps for conducting performance reviews:
both employer and employee should be prepared for the review (provide a copy of the performance appraisal beforehand and review the previous years appraisal)
allow enough time for the review
structure the meeting so that all points can be covered
constructive and positive feedback
employees should provide their own feedback and be encouraged to self-appraise
concentrate on the performance and be based on fact not opinion
analyse performance jointly and objectively
agree on objectives, which are achievable and measurable
create a plan of action.
ACTIVITY: read
Review the following articles.
Article: https://www.ahri.com.au/resources/ahriassist/performance-management/
Article: http://www.10mmt.com/2012/performance-review/how-to-monitor-staff-performance-against-performance-objectives/
Article: https://www.quantumworkplace.com/future-of-work/13-performance-review-tips-that-actually-improve-employee-performance
List three best practice techniques that are can be used for a performance review. Take notes as you will be able to use this information to answer a knowledge question in your assessment.
Documentation management and maintenance
As part of the civil works design process, you will be generating a range of documents. Workplaces will have a range of different requirements that you must follow. For example, there may be a requirement that a folder is set up for each project and that all documentation will be saved there. The folders within this project folder may be structured as per a workplace filing system or you may establish your own folder system within the project folder. For example, you might create a folder where you include all supporting documentation such as plans, and drawings provided or geological reports.
File management is key essentially and in the section below we look at this.
File management
File management is the method used for saving, naming, storing and managing files on a computer. Filing on a computer is a complex hierarchical system consisting of directories and sub-directories.
If the process of naming and storing the files has been done in an organised, structured and consistent way then the file management is effective.
The importance of correctly naming files and folders are reflected in the standards usually set by organisations. Most organisations will have a style guide that will outline the way files and folders should be saved and stored.
ACTIVITY: reFLECT
How often have you lost a document, or created a folder and cant find it?
Why do you think people lose their documents?
Make notes on your thoughts.
Tips for Good File Management Practice
25857203873500The use of the computers default folder structure.
Creating folders in a logical hierarchical structure.
Nesting folders within folders.
Following naming conventions for folder creation.
Creating names with specific, relevant and logical names.
right68404Image by Ilya Pavlov on UnsplashImage by Ilya Pavlov on UnsplashFiling documents in the right place as they are saved.
Backing up your files is also good file management practice and will avoid problems with loss or damage to documents. Furthermore, saving work to a network drive or cloud drive can ensure that documents are backed up.
Removing USB drives from computers should also be done through ejecting the drive first to avoid loss or damage to files. Ensuring that your virus software is up to date will also avoid loss or damage to documents.
ACTIVITY: research and discuss
Look at the college network drive to see how documents and files are stored.
Ask your trainer/assessor what drives are used and why. Do they have to follow naming conventions?
ACTIVITY: read
Review the University of Hertfordshires management standards for naming conventions as a working example.
Website: http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/secreg/upr/pdf/IM11-Apx5-Standard%20Naming%20Conventions%20for%20electronic%20Files,%20Folders%20and%20Records-v03.0.pdf
Now look at your own file structure and the way you name files. Do you think you are consistent and use your own type of naming conventions?
Spend some time looking at how you can improve on your own file management.
Remember too that version control is important. Every time you create a file, it should be Version 1. If you make changes, such as changes suggested by a client, then the version must be changed. If the change is a minor change, then it will be Version 1.1 but if its a major change, it will become Version 2.0 and so on.
One more note in terms of documentation is that it is important to check that all documents are current and accurate. Carefully review each document to check this and make any changes required. For example, before printing or sending a document, it is important to review and check the presentation for spelling and grammar.
Proofreading is a part of the process of developing a document and time should be set aside to ensure the presentation is up to standard. Here are some helpful tips for the proofreading process:
If your eyes are feeling strained, or you arent alert, its time to take a break.
Use spell check, sometimes our computers pick up on mistakes we cant.
Look out for mistakes you commonly make.
Read backwards.
Read aloud to ensure your language flows.
Have a colleague read over it.
Print out a hard copy.
Review design
Previously we looked at client collaboration and how you might collaborate with them during the design process. One of the stages where you may collaborate with the client is in relation to reviewing the design.
The review of the design is one of the last stages in the managing civil works design process, at least before the design is implemented.
It is important at this stage to:
check with the client that the design concept meets their requirements
identify any amendments that need to be made in collaboration with the client
incorporate these amendments
confirm that the design meets other requirements such as legislative requirements (e.g., environmental legislation) you will have ensured this through the design concept stage of course too
get the client documented approval i.e., in writing which could be an email or letter.
seeking feedback and evaluating outcomes
An important end stage of the design process (sometimes called systems close out) is seeking feedback and evaluating the design outcomes.
This is essentially lessons learned.
The following is a guide taken from CDC Unified Process as an example of how they use lessons learned in practice:
Project Management Institute (PMI) Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines lessons learned as the learning gained from the process of performing the project. Formally conducted lessons learned sessions are traditionally held during project close-out, near the completion of the project.
However, lessons learned may be identified and documented at any point during the project's life cycle. The purpose of documenting lessons learned is to share and use knowledge derived from experience to:
promote the recurrence of desirable outcomes
preclude the recurrence of undesirable outcomes.
As a practice, lessons learned includes the processes necessary for identification, documentation, validation, and dissemination of lessons learned. Utilization and incorporation of those processes includes identification of applicable lessons learned, documentation of lessons learned, archiving lessons learned, distribution to appropriate personnel, identification of actions that will be taken as a result of the lesson learned, and follow-up to ensure that appropriate actions were taken.
Best Practices:
Include All Experiences Lessons learned should draw on both positive and negative experiences.
Act Quickly Obtain feedback as quickly as possible to avoid people forgetting the challenges faced during the course of a project.
Document Store lessons learned throughout the project in a central repository.
Make Accessible Make lessons learned accessible to other projects.
Archive Lessons Lessons learned should be archived as historical project data and incorporate into the organisations lessons learned.
Disseminate Lessons Disseminate lessons learned to the project management community.
Reuse Lessons Reuse lessons learned from past projects to help better manage current projects.
Involve Stakeholders Involve all project participants and stakeholders in the lessons learned process.
Solicit Feedback Conduct a post-project survey to solicit feedback on the project from the project team, customers, and stakeholders who were well-acquainted with the management of the project.
Identify Lessons Learned Convene a lessons learned session to promote the success of future projects.
Archive Data - Archive all project data in a central repository. Include best practices, lessons learned, and any other relevant project documentation.
Source: https://www2a.cdc.gov/cdcup/library/practices_guides/CDC_UP_Lessons_Learned_Practices_Guide.pdf
VIDEO Channels
There are some amazing video channels with videos produced by passionate civil engineers. Check them out to enhance your learning:
Civil Scholar https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEE8Uvy4krxIGXAGy2q5wrA
Ma Picardal https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXgu5Q3I520Q0NO4dJhvAng
Everday Dazz https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5hgqiDF5WagDiV5y3fdW8Q
Student Must Fill this Section
Unit Code / Title RIICWD601E - Manage civil works design processes
Qualification Code / Title: RII60520 Advanced Diploma of Civil Construction Design
Due Date: Student Name: Cohort/Batch: Campus: Student ID:
Term:
Year:
Privacy Release Clause: I give my permission for my assessment material to be used in the auditing, assessment validation & moderation Process.
Authenticity Declaration: I declare that:
The material I have submitted is my own work;
I have given references for all sources of information that are not my own, including the words, ideas and images of others.
Student Signature: Date:
Assessment Outcome
Assessor Name:
Attempt and Tasks Satisfactory Not Yet Satisfactory Date Assessor Signature
Initial attempt
Re- attempt/Re-assessment
Assessment Task 1 Assessment Task 2 Assessor Feedback to Students
Assessment Outcome: Competent Not yet Competent
Assessor Name: Assessor Signature and date:
Information for Student:
This assessment is to be completed according to the instructions given below in this document.
Should you not answer the tasks correctly, you will be given feedback on the results and gaps in knowledge. You will be entitled to one (1) resubmission in showing your competence with this unit. Each onward attempt will incur a resubmission fee.
If you are not sure about any aspect of this assessment, please ask for clarification from your assessor.
Please refer to the College re-submission and re-sit policy for more information.
If you have questions and other concerns that may affect your performance in the Assessment, please inform the assessor immediately.
This is an Open book assessment which you will do in your own time but complete in the time designated by your assessor. Remember, that it must be your own work and if you use other sources then you must reference these appropriately.
Student must submit the completed Assessments on Moodle
Re-assessment of Result and Academic Appeal Procedures:
If a student is not happy with his/ her results, that student may appeal against their grade via a written letter, clearly stating the grounds of appeal to the Chief Executive Officer. This should be submitted after completion of the subject and within fourteen days of commencement of the new term.
Re-assessment Process:
An appeal in writing is made to the Academic Manager providing reasons for re-assessment /appeal.
Academic Manager will delegate another member to review the assessment.
The student will be advised of the review result done by another assessor.
If the student is still not satisfied and further challenges the decision, then a review panel is formed comprising the trainer in charge and the Academic Manager or if needed, an external assessor.
The Institute will advise the student within 14 days from the submission date of the appeal. The decision of the panel will be deemed to be final.
If the student is still not satisfied with the result, he / she has the right to seek independent advice or follow external mediation option with nominated mediation agency.
Any student who fails a compulsory subject or appeals unsuccessfully will be required to re-enrol in that subject.
The cost of reassessment will be borne by the Institute. The external assessor will base his/her judgement based on principles of assessment. These principles require assessment to be reliable, fair, practical and valid.
Academic Appeals:
If you are dissatisfied with the outcome of the re-evaluation process, you have a right to appeal through academic appeals handling protocol.
To appeal a decision, the person is required to complete the IISs Request for Appeal of a Decision Form with all other supporting documents, if any. This form is available at the admin office. The completed Request for Appeal form is to be submitted to the Student Support Officer either in hard copy or electronically via the following contact details:
Student Support Officer: IIS Head Office at Leve 3, Suite 302, Macquarie St, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Email: info@IIS.edu.au
The notice of appeal should be in writing addressed to the Chief Executive Officer and submitted within seven days of notification of the outcome of the re-evaluation process.
If the appeal is not lodged in the specified time, the result will stand, and you must re-enrol in the unit.
In emergency circumstances, such as in cases of serious illness or injury, you must forward a medical certificate in support of a deferred appeal. The notice of appeal must be made within three working days of the concluding date shown on the medical certificate.
The decision of Chief Executive Officer will be final.
Student would then have the right to pursue the claim through an independent external body as detailed in the students complaint / grievance policy.
Plagiarism:
Plagiarism means to take and use another person's ideas and or manner of expressing them and to pass them off as your own by failing to give appropriate acknowledgement. This includes material sourced from the internet, IIS staff, other students, and from published and unpublished work.
Plagiarism occurs when you fail to acknowledge that the ideas or work of others arebeing used, which includes:
Paraphrasing and presenting work or ideas without a reference
Copying work either in whole or in part
Presenting designs, codes or images as yourown work
Using phrases and passages verbatim without quotation marks or referencing the author or web page
Reproducing lecture notes without proper acknowledgement.
Collusion:
Collusion means unauthorised collaboration on assessable work (written, oral or practical) with other people. This occurs when a student presents group work as their own or as the work of someone else.
Collusion may be with another RTO student or with individuals or students external to IIS. This applies to work assessed by any educational and training body in Australia or overseas.
Collusion occurs when youwork without the authorisation of the teaching staff to:
Work with one or more people to prepare and produce work
Allow others to copy your work or share your answer to an assessment task
Allow someone else to write or edit yourwork (without rto approval)
Write or edit work for another student
Offer to complete work or seek payment for completing academic work for other students.
Both collusion and plagiarism can occur in group work. For examples of plagiarism, collusion and academic misconduct in group work please refer to IISs policy on Academic integrity, plagiarism and collusion.
Plagiarism and collusion constitute cheating. Disciplinary action will be taken against students who engage in plagiarism and collusion as outlined in IISs policy.
Proven involvement in plagiarism or collusion may be recorded on students academic file and could lead to disciplinary actions.
This resource is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission as expressed in the RTO Works License Agreement.
The information contained in this resource is, to the best of the project teams and publishers knowledge true and correct. Every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, but the project team and publisher do not accept responsibility for any loss, injury or damage arising from such information.
contents
TOC h z t "RTO Works Heading 1,1" Section 1: Design requirements and options PAGEREF _Toc103336360 h 8Section 2: Civil works initiation, implementation, monitoring, support and review PAGEREF _Toc103336361 h 18
Student name: Assessor: Date: Include the title of project 1 here: Include the title of project 2 here:
Section 1: Design requirements and optionsComplete this section for Project 1.
Include the title of the project here. Documentation/data
List all the documentation/data that you can access for the project and provide a brief description of each. Check that each documentation/data is current and accurate. Legislation and policies and procedures
Outline the legislation, and policies and procedures that applies to your work in managing civil works design. Make sure you refer to WHS legislation. Include at least two legislation and two policies and procedures. Risk management
Outline the risks that could apply to this project (include at least two) and associated control measures. Client requirements
Based on your review of the documentation above, provide a summary of the client requirements for the project and the work you need to complete.
Has all the information been provided such that a design can be developed? This includes detailed specifications and development and implementation factors.
If not, what are the gaps? Environmental impacts
Provide a summary of the potential environmental impacts of the proposed works.
Outline potential sustainable design options. Functional specification
Document the functional specification for the project. Approval
You are to confirm the work requirements and obtain approval for the civil works design criteria as per you work above. Summarise your work above in an email to the client (your assessor). Draft an email here. Innovation
Innovative procedures for developing designs in civil construction are so important. Conduct some research and document two innovative procedures that could be used to develop the design concept. One of the procedures must relate to a new technology for civil works design.
Provide the sources of information you used on the innovative procedures. Design concepts
Based on the work that you have completed so far, identify and document at least two possible design concepts that could meet the design requirements. Make sure you explain how this meets specification, including engineering specifications.
In the next section you will prepare a working model so at this stage your design concepts can be descriptions. Presentation
Develop a presentation based on your work and attach it to your Portfolio. You will need to provide this presentation to the client to seek their feedback to improve the design or to resolve any issues.
Your presentation should also include potential environment and community impacts and how these could be addressed.
Include the title of your presentation here. Attach:
Presentation
Complete this section after the meeting with the client (your assessor and other students).
Feedback
Include the feedback your received from your assessor on design concepts and preferred design.
Complete this section for Project 2.
Include the title of the project here. Documentation/data
List all the documentation/data that you can access for the project and provide a brief description of each. Check that each documentation/data is current and accurate. Legislation and policies and procedures
Outline the legislation, and policies and procedures that applies to your work in managing civil works design. Make sure you refer to WHS legislation. Include at least two legislation and two policies and procedures. Risk management
Outline the risks that could apply to this project (include at least two) and associated control measures. Client requirements
Based on your review of the documentation above, provide a summary of the client requirements for the project and the work you need to complete.
Has all the information been provided such that a design can be developed? This includes detailed specifications and development and implementation factors.
If not, what are the gaps? Environmental impacts
Provide a summary of the potential environmental impacts of the proposed works.
Outline potential sustainable design options. Functional specification
Document the functional specification for the project. Approval
You are to confirm the work requirements and obtain approval for the civil works design criteria as per you work above. Summarise your work above in an email to the client (your assessor). Draft an email here. Innovation
Innovative procedures for developing designs in civil construction are so important. Conduct some research and document two innovative procedures that could be used to develop the design concept. One of the procedures must relate to a new technology for civil works design.
Provide the sources of information you used on the innovative procedures. Design concepts
Based on the work that you have completed so far, identify and document at least two possible design concepts that could meet the design requirements. Make sure you explain how this meets specification, including engineering specifications.
In the next section you will prepare a working model so at this stage your design concepts can be descriptions. Presentation
Develop a presentation based on your work and attach it to your Portfolio. You will need to provide this presentation to the client to seek their feedback to improve the design or to resolve any issues.
Your presentation should also include potential environment and community impacts and how these could be addressed.
Include the title of your presentation here. Attach:
Presentation
Complete this section after the meeting with the client (your assessor and other students).
Feedback
Include the feedback your received from your assessor on design concepts and preferred design.
Section 2: Civil works initiation, implementation, monitoring, support and review
Complete this section for Project 1.
Action planning
In Section 1, you developed two design concepts. Choose the one that was agreed as the preferred design concept and develop an action plan as below to ensure that you analyse all of the resources, processes and systems required to develop the design, as well as identify the design tasks.
This will be a work break down structure (action plan) that includes actions, timelines, resource requirements and responsibilities. This can be in a format of your choice. It should ensure that the design outcomes and budget are met. Assume a typical civil works design team and allocated tasks.
Include a process within your planning document so that it can be confirmed that all work is being completed as required. Implementation
Draft an email to your team (your assessor) outlining the action plan that you have developed and how it will be used to monitor performance. Make sure they understand that if issues arise, they may implement corrective action. Documentation requirements
Outline all of the documentation management processes that you will use for this civil works design process. Remember to refer to your training materials about important documentation management requirements and assume that this is the client requirements.
Once you have completed all assessment activities, take a screen shot of the folder structure you have established and the individual files within each and attach it to your Portfolio. Design
This unit focusses on managing civil works design processes, rather than preparing detailed designs. However, it does require that you prepare a demonstrating model of the design.
Based on the preferred design, use software to prepare a working model i.e., this could look something like the urban road concept in your training materials, rather than a detailed design at this stage i.e., it is a visual representation of the concept. Feedback
You are to provide the working model of your design to your client (your assessor).
Draft an email to the client (your assessor) that outlines the work you have completed and seeking feedback and approval. You should also ask your assessor to provide you with feedback on how well they consider you have managed the process and what could be improved, as well as the community response to the design outcome. Attach:
Screenshots
Working design model
Include the feedback you received from your assessor here.
Feedback
Include the feedback your received from your assessor on your working model of the design and your response to it. You should also attach the final version of your working design to the Portfolio with amendments included. Evaluation
Provide your own reflection on how well you managed the civil works design project.
What do you think you did well?
What were challenges for you?
What could be improved? Attach:
Final working design model
Complete this section for Project 2.
Action planning
In Section 1, you developed two design concepts. Choose the one that was agreed as the preferred design concept and develop an action plan as below to ensure that you analyse all of the resources, processes and systems required to develop the design, as well as identify the design tasks.
This will be a work break down structure (action plan) that includes actions, timelines, resource requirements and responsibilities. This can be in a format of your choice. It should ensure that the design outcomes and budget are met. Assume a typical civil works design team and allocated tasks.
Include a process within your planning document so that it can be confirmed that all work is being completed as required. Implementation
Draft an email to your team (your assessor) outlining the action plan that you have developed and how it will be used to monitor performance. Make sure they understand that if issues arise, they may implement corrective action. Documentation requirements
Outline all of the documentation management processes that you will use for this civil works design process. Remember to refer to your training materials about important documentation management requirements and assume that this is the client requirements.
Once you have completed all assessment activities, take a screen shot of the folder structure you have established and the individual files within each and attach it to your Portfolio. Design
This unit focusses on managing civil works design processes, rather than preparing detailed designs. However, it does require that you prepare a demonstrating model of the design.
Based on the preferred design, use software to prepare a working model i.e., this could look something like the urban road concept in your training materials, rather than a detailed design at this stage i.e., it is a visual representation of the concept. Feedback
You are to provide the working model of your design to your client (your assessor).
Draft an email to the client (your assessor) that outlines the work you have completed and seeking feedback and approval. You should also ask your assessor to provide you with feedback on how well they consider you have managed the process and what could be improved, as well as the community response to the design outcome. Attach:
Screenshots
Working design model
Include the feedback you received from your assessor here.
Feedback
Include the feedback your received from your assessor on your working model of the design and your response to it. You should also attach the final version of your working design to the Portfolio with amendments included. Evaluation
Provide your own reflection on how well you managed the civil works design project.
What do you think you did well?
What were challenges for you?
What could be improved? Attach:
Final working design model
Student Must Fill this Section
Unit Code / Title RIICWD601E - Manage civil works design processes
Qualification Code / Title: RII60520 Advanced Diploma of Civil Construction Design
Due Date: Student Name: Cohort/Batch: Campus: Student ID:
Term:
Year:
Privacy Release Clause: I give my permission for my assessment material to be used in the auditing, assessment validation & moderation Process.
Authenticity Declaration: I declare that:
The material I have submitted is my own work;
I have given references for all sources of information that are not my own, including the words, ideas and images of others.
Student Signature: Date:
Assessment Outcome
Assessor Name:
Attempt and Tasks Satisfactory Not Yet Satisfactory Date Assessor Signature
Initial attempt
Re- attempt/Re-assessment
Assessment Task 1 Assessment Task 2 Assessor Feedback to Students
Assessment Outcome: Competent Not yet Competent
Assessor Name: Assessor Signature and date:
Information for Student:
This assessment is to be completed according to the instructions given below in this document.
Should you not answer the tasks correctly, you will be given feedback on the results and gaps in knowledge. You will be entitled to one (1) resubmission in showing your competence with this unit. Each onward attempt will incur a resubmission fee.
If you are not sure about any aspect of this assessment, please ask for clarification from your assessor.
Please refer to the College re-submission and re-sit policy for more information.
If you have questions and other concerns that may affect your performance in the Assessment, please inform the assessor immediately.
This is an Open book assessment which you will do in your own time but complete in the time designated by your assessor. Remember, that it must be your own work and if you use other sources then you must reference these appropriately.
Student must submit the completed Assessments on Moodle
Re-assessment of Result and Academic Appeal Procedures:
If a student is not happy with his/ her results, that student may appeal against their grade via a written letter, clearly stating the grounds of appeal to the Chief Executive Officer. This should be submitted after completion of the subject and within fourteen days of commencement of the new term.
Re-assessment Process:
An appeal in writing is made to the Academic Manager providing reasons for re-assessment /appeal.
Academic Manager will delegate another member to review the assessment.
The student will be advised of the review result done by another assessor.
If the student is still not satisfied and further challenges the decision, then a review panel is formed comprising the trainer in charge and the Academic Manager or if needed, an external assessor.
The Institute will advise the student within 14 days from the submission date of the appeal. The decision of the panel will be deemed to be final.
If the student is still not satisfied with the result, he / she has the right to seek independent advice or follow external mediation option with nominated mediation agency.
Any student who fails a compulsory subject or appeals unsuccessfully will be required to re-enrol in that subject.
The cost of reassessment will be borne by the Institute. The external assessor will base his/her judgement based on principles of assessment. These principles require assessment to be reliable, fair, practical and valid.
Academic Appeals:
If you are dissatisfied with the outcome of the re-evaluation process, you have a right to appeal through academic appeals handling protocol.
To appeal a decision, the person is required to complete the IISs Request for Appeal of a Decision Form with all other supporting documents, if any. This form is available at the admin office. The completed Request for Appeal form is to be submitted to the Student Support Officer either in hard copy or electronically via the following contact details:
Student Support Officer: IIS Head Office at Leve 3, Suite 302, Macquarie St, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Email: info@IIS.edu.au
The notice of appeal should be in writing addressed to the Chief Executive Officer and submitted within seven days of notification of the outcome of the re-evaluation process.
If the appeal is not lodged in the specified time, the result will stand, and you must re-enrol in the unit.
In emergency circumstances, such as in cases of serious illness or injury, you must forward a medical certificate in support of a deferred appeal. The notice of appeal must be made within three working days of the concluding date shown on the medical certificate.
The decision of Chief Executive Officer will be final.
Student would then have the right to pursue the claim through an independent external body as detailed in the students complaint / grievance policy.
Plagiarism:
Plagiarism means to take and use another person's ideas and or manner of expressing them and to pass them off as your own by failing to give appropriate acknowledgement. This includes material sourced from the internet, IIS staff, other students, and from published and unpublished work.
Plagiarism occurs when you fail to acknowledge that the ideas or work of others arebeing used, which includes:
Paraphrasing and presenting work or ideas without a reference
Copying work either in whole or in part
Presenting designs, codes or images as yourown work
Using phrases and passages verbatim without quotation marks or referencing the author or web page
Reproducing lecture notes without proper acknowledgement.
Collusion:
Collusion means unauthorised collaboration on assessable work (written, oral or practical) with other people. This occurs when a student presents group work as their own or as the work of someone else.
Collusion may be with another RTO student or with individuals or students external to IIS. This applies to work assessed by any educational and training body in Australia or overseas.
Collusion occurs when youwork without the authorisation of the teaching staff to:
Work with one or more people to prepare and produce work
Allow others to copy your work or share your answer to an assessment task
Allow someone else to write or edit yourwork (without rto approval)
Write or edit work for another student
Offer to complete work or seek payment for completing academic work for other students.
Both collusion and plagiarism can occur in group work. For examples of plagiarism, collusion and academic misconduct in group work please refer to IISs policy on Academic integrity, plagiarism and collusion.
Plagiarism and collusion constitute cheating. Disciplinary action will be taken against students who engage in plagiarism and collusion as outlined in IISs policy.
Proven involvement in plagiarism or collusion may be recorded on students academic file and could lead to disciplinary actions.
Assessment Requirements
You are required to complete and pass every task in the assessment in order to be deemed competent.
Assessment Schedule
Task Due Date Student Signature Trainer Signature Comments
Task 1-2 Week
This resource is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission.
The information contained in this resource is, to the best of the project teams and publishers knowledge true and correct. Every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, but the project team and publisher do not accept responsibility for any loss, injury or damage arising from such information.
contents
TOC h z t "RTO Works Heading 1,1" Introduction PAGEREF _Toc105046850 h 4Assessing Assessment Task 1: Knowledge questions PAGEREF _Toc105046851 h 5Assessment Task 1: Checklist PAGEREF _Toc105046852 h 13Assessment Task 2: Project Portfolio PAGEREF _Toc105046853 h 15Assessment Task 2: Checklist PAGEREF _Toc105046854 h 19Final results record PAGEREF _Toc105046855 h 23
IntroductionWelcome to the Student Assessment Tasks for RIICWD601E Manage civil works design processes. These tasks have been designed to help you demonstrate the skills and knowledge that you have learnt during your course.
Please ensure that you read the instructions provided with these tasks carefully. You should also follow the advice provided in the Student User Guide. The Student User Guide provides important information for you relating to completing assessment successfully.
Assessment for this unit
For you to be assessed as competent, you must successfully complete two assessment tasks:
Assessment Task 1: Knowledge questions Students must answer all questions correctly.
Assessment Task 2: Project Students must work through a range of activities and complete a Project Portfolio.
Assessing Assessment Task 1: Knowledge questionsInformation for studentsKnowledge questions are designed to help you demonstrate the knowledge which you have acquired during the learning phase of this unit. Ensure that you:
review the advice to students regarding answering knowledge questions in the Student User Guide
comply with the due date for assessment which your assessor will provide
adhere with your RTOs submission guidelines
answer all questions completely and correctly
submit work which is original and, where necessary, properly referenced
submit a completed cover sheet with your work
avoid sharing your answers with other students.
ii Assessment information
Information about how you should complete this assessment can be found in Appendix A of the Student User Guide. Refer to the appendix for information on:
where this task should be completed
the maximum time allowed for completing this assessment task
whether or not this task is open-book.
Note: You must complete and submit an assessment cover sheet with your work. A template is provided in Appendix C of the Student User Guide. However, if your RTO has provided you with an assessment cover sheet, please ensure that you use that.
Questions
Provide answers to all of the questions below:
Complete the following table about legislation that you need to know about in relation to civil works design processes.
List three different legislation relevant to civil works design processes Identify the purpose of legislation Outline how the legislation applies to civil works design processes give one example
Complete the following table about Standards that you need to know about in relation to civil works design processes.
List three different Australian Standards relevant to civil works design processes Identify the purpose of the Standard Outline how the Standard applies to civil works design processes give one example
Complete the following table regarding policies and procedures and general documentation you need to know about in relation to civil works design processes.
Policies and procedures/document Purpose of policy/procedure/document in relation to civil works design processes
Risk assessment and management Work health and safety Environmental management Cultural and heritage management Geotechnical management Hydrological and meteorological management Community relations and consultation Quality management plan Performance management Documentation management (and to ensure all workplace recording and reporting occurs) Civil works design process, including approval and review processes for civil works designs System close outs (project closure) Choose a structure that you may complete a civil works design for. Complete the following table identifying two materials that can be used for this type of structure and two characteristics and two limitations of the material.
Include the type of structure you have chosen here. Material type Characteristics (2) Limitations (2)
Choose a type of CAD software that you may use to complete a civil works design. Complete the following table identifying two types of CAD software and two characteristics and two limitations of the software.
CAD Software Characteristics (2) Limitations (2)
Explain the use of safe work method statements (SWMS) with regard to identifying and evaluating potential site hazards, constraints and conditions.
Outline a best practice technique for preparing a civil works functional specification.
Outline a step-by-step approach for identifying and evaluating design options.
Explain the process that you would follow to develop and implement a design plan. In your answer include an example of the latest technology that you could use to develop a design concept.
Outline two cost estimating techniques that can be used for calculating design costs.
Explain the benefit of using CAD for drafting and presenting engineering designs.
List two communication techniques that are useful when managing a civil works design process and that will assist with the collaboration process with clients, other external stakeholders and colleagues.
List three types of communication equipment that can be used during a civil works design process.
Outline a method that you could use to review and validate a design.
List three best practice techniques that you can use to review performance of those involved in the civil works design process.
Outline two techniques that can be used for negotiating with clients.
Outline three techniques that can be used for leading and coordinating a team.
Outline two principles of effective team management.
Assessment Task 1: Checklist
Students name: Did the student provide a sufficient and clear answer that addresses the suggested answer for the following? Completed successfully? Comments
Yes No Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18
Task outcome: Satisfactory Not satisfactory
Assessor signature: Assessor name: Date:
Assessment Task 2: Project PortfolioInformation for students
In this task, you are required to demonstrate your skills and knowledge by working through a number of activities and completing and submitting a Project Portfolio.
You will need access to:
a suitable place to complete activities that replicates a business environment including a meeting space and computer and internet access
your learning resources and other information for reference
Project Portfolio template
Ensure that you:
review the advice to students regarding responding to written tasks in the Student User Guide
comply with the due date for assessment which your assessor will provide
adhere with your RTOs submission guidelines
answer all questions completely and correctly
submit work which is original and, where necessary, properly referenced
submit a completed cover sheet with your work
avoid sharing your answers with other students.
ii Assessment information
Information about how you should complete this assessment can be found in Appendix A of the Student User Guide. Refer to the appendix for information on:
where this task should be completed
how your assessment should be submitted.
Note: You must complete and submit an assessment cover sheet with your work. A template is provided in Appendix B of the Student User Guide. However, if your RTO has provided you with an assessment cover sheet, please ensure that you use that.
Activities
Complete the following activities:
Carefully read the following:
This assessment task requires you to manage civil works design processes for two projects. If you are completing this in your RTO, this will be as per the project information provided to you by your assessor. If you are completing this based on a workplace, this will be for two projects of your choice.
Vocational education and training is all about gaining and developing practical skills that are industry relevant and that can help you to succeed in your chosen career. For this reason, basing your project on real projects will mean that you are applying your knowledge and skills in a relevant, practical and meaningful way!
You will be collecting evidence for this unit in a Project Portfolio. The steps you need to take are outlined below. Before you begin, complete page 4 of your Project Portfolio.
Design requirements and options.
You are required to interpret and scope design requirements for your two civil works design projects, as well as identify project design options and a preferred design. This involves:
Accessing the requirements for the project, including all relevant documentation and legislation and policies and procedures.
Interpreting the requirements for each project based on a review of requirements and documentation.
Clarifying any areas in relation to each project and confirming your understanding of the design requirements.
Summarising environmental and community impacts and solutions.
Preparing functional specifications for each project.
Identifying innovative procedures that can be used to develop the design concept.
Investigating and analysing potential design concepts.
Work on Section 1 of your Project Portfolio. The Project Portfolio includes separate sections for you to document your work in relation to Project 1 and Project 2.
When you have completed the steps above, you are to prepare to present your work in the next activity.
This means developing a presentation that can be provided to a team (your assessor and fellow students) that addresses all the work you have completed so far and for both projects.
The purpose of your presentation will be to:
Present the work you have completed.
Collaborate with the client (your assessor and fellow students) to make any improvements required and resolve any issues.
Clarify any aspects of the work.
Seeking advice on the suitability of the new technology that may be used to develop the design (see the section on innovative procedures).
Check that you have been provided with all of the supporting information needed.
Obtain agreement for the work you have completed so far, including a preferred design concept and confirming that it meets the clients requirements.
Prepare your presentation in a format of your choice such as. PowerPoint for use in the next session. Your presentation will be for approximately 15 minutes and your assessor will advise you of the date and time.
Please note that at the presentation you will need to show that you present information using civil works terminology and using listening and questioning techniques so make sure you prepare for this as part of your presentation preparation.
Presentation.
You are now to provide your presentation to your team as per the instructions above.
During your presentation, your assessor will be looking to see that you have interpreted and scoped the design requirements for each project, as well as identified design options. The outcome will be to identify the preferred design.
Your assessor will also confirm that you use civil works terminology and listening and questioning techniques.
Make notes on the feedback provided as you will need to document this in your Portfolio and use it to make improvements/resolve issues.
ii This should be viewed in person by your assessor as they will need to give you feedback. Make sure you follow the instructions above and meet the timeframes allocated.
Following your presentation, document the feedback provided in your Portfolio.
Complete Section 1 of your Project Portfolio. The Project Portfolio includes separate sections for you to document your work in relation to Project 1 and Project 2.
Civil works initiation, implementation, monitoring support and review.
You are required to initiate, implement, monitor, support and review your two civil works design projects. This involves:
Analysing and then selecting which resources, processes and systems are required for each civil works design project.
Developing an action plan for each civil works design project to ensure that all required tasks are documented.
Coordinating with others to achieve project requirements, including outcomes and budget.
Preparing and maintaining all of the documentation that is required for each civil works design project.
Reviewing the final design for each civil works design project.
Implementing the actions plan you have developed for the project.
Seeking feedback and evaluating design outcomes.
Work on Section 2 of your Project Portfolio. The Project Portfolio includes separate sections for you to document your work in relation to Project 1 and Project 2.
Please note that your assessor will provide feedback on your working design and the processes you have used. You will record this feedback in your Portfolio and respond to it. Following this finalise your Portfolio and submit it as per the instructions below for activity 5.
Submit your completed Project Portfolio.
Make sure you have completed all sections of your Project Portfolio, answered all questions, provided enough detail as indicated and proofread for spelling and grammar as necessary.
Submit to your assessor for marking.
Assessment Task 2: Checklist
Students name: Did the student: Completed successfully? Comments
Yes No Manage civil works design processes for two projects? Obtain, interpret, clarify and confirm the requirements for each project, including where proposed design including seeking advice where the design includes non-standard engineering requirements or new technology? Access and interpret documentation required for each civil works design project including:
plans and drawings
specifications
design briefs
engineering survey information
hydrological, meteorological data geotechnical data
cultural and heritage data? Apply all documentation as above for each civil works design project? Confirm the work activity is compliant (i.e., meets requirements)? Confirm that all required specifications as relevant to client design criteria are included in the documentation reviewed for each project? Provide advice on potential impacts of a range of factors on the proposed works for each project including:
environmental
community (including cultural and heritage factors)? Provide advice on design options for each project that take account of the factors above? Identify development and implementation factors for each project and confirm that they are addressed in the civil works design criteria? Prepare and document functional specifications according to engineering standards and design specifications? Seek and obtain client agreement on the design requirements for each project? Identify and report on innovative procedures for developing the design concept for each project according to design requirements? Investigate, analyse and report on potential design concepts for each project that meet design requirements? Collaborate with the client to improve outcomes and resolve issues associated with design concept for each project? Use communication skills including active listening and questioning to clarify and confirm understanding of client information? Use communication skills including presenting information using language relevant to ? Analyse, select and document resources, processes and systems required to develop the design for each project, including processes for ensuring that completed work meets client requirements including monitoring? Coordinate design tasks for each project to meet the required outcomes and cost structures? Develop and check design solution for each project against engineering specifications? Establish documentation management processes for each project following workplace requirements? Check and confirm supporting documentation required to implement the design meets workplace requirements? Check and confirm design for each project is identified by design documentation and records specified by client? Apply documentation control process specified by client when making changes to design for each project? Check and confirm that design documentation for each project is current and accurate? Review the design for each project including with the client and confirm it meets client requirements, including confirming any amendments needed? Incorporate amendments advised by client for each design? Confirm that the design for each project meets legislative requirements? Obtain documented approval from the client for each design? Implement plans that verify completed physical work meets client requirements? Give permission to all those involved in each project to implement corrective action as required based on project monitoring? Seek feedback from the commissioning process for each project to facilitate corrective actions and design improvements? Evaluate design outcome performance following required workplace procedures? Evaluate and report on the community response to design outcome and document following required workplace procedures? Implement plans that verify completed physical work meets client requirements? Give permission to all those involved in each project to implement corrective action as required based on project monitoring? Seek feedback from the commissioning process for each project to facilitate corrective actions and design improvements? Evaluate design outcome performance following required workplace procedures? Evaluate and report on the community response to design outcome and document following required workplace procedures? Task outcome: Satisfactory Not satisfactory
Assessor signature: Assessor name: Date: Final results recordStudent name: Unit code and title: RIICWD601E Manage civil works design processes
Assessor name: Date: Final assessment results
Task Type Result
Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Did not submit
Assessment Task 1 Knowledge Questions S U DNS
Assessment Task 2 Project Portfolio S U DNS
Overall unit results C NYC Feedback
My performance in this unit has been discussed and explained to me.
I would like to appeal this assessment decision.
Student signature: Date:
I hereby certify that this student has been assessed by me and that the assessment has been carried out according to the required assessment procedures.
Assessor signature: Date:
