Student full Name:
Student full Name:
Behram Muhammad Jaffar LehriStudent id:
22870
Date of birth:
28/12/2003
Program:
UFP Humanities and Social sciences
Program start date:
January, 2023
Assignment Title:
Course work
Contents
TOC o "1-3" h z u Introduction: PAGEREF _Toc138116516 h 31.1. The type of conflict that Kashmir is experiencing: PAGEREF _Toc138116517 h 51.2. The potential cause of the Kashmir conflict: PAGEREF _Toc138116518 h 61.3. Positive and negative impacts: PAGEREF _Toc138116519 h 61.3.1 Positive impacts of Kashmir war: PAGEREF _Toc138116520 h 61.3.2. Negative impacts of Kashmir war PAGEREF _Toc138116521 h 61.4. Role of United Nations in Kashmir conflict: PAGEREF _Toc138116522 h 71.4.1. Methods of conflict resolution: PAGEREF _Toc138116523 h 72.1. Theoretical approaches and sources of international law: PAGEREF _Toc138116524 h 8Table 1 Sources of International Law PAGEREF _Toc138116525 h 92.2. The main methods of international law enforcement: PAGEREF _Toc138116526 h 9Economic Sanctions PAGEREF _Toc138116527 h 9Military intervention PAGEREF _Toc138116528 h 10International Criminal Court: PAGEREF _Toc138116529 h 102.3. Comparative Involvement of International Law Courts, Rulings or Decisions Made Respect of India and Pakistan: PAGEREF _Toc138116530 h 102.4. Theoretical reasons why Pakistan is not obeying international law: PAGEREF _Toc138116531 h 113.1. The main principles and generations of human rights: PAGEREF _Toc138116532 h 11Table 2 Principles and Generations of Human Rights: Upholding Dignity, Freedom, Equality, and Justice: PAGEREF _Toc138116533 h 123.2. The rights being affected or denied as a direct result of the conflict: PAGEREF _Toc138116534 h 123.3. The effectiveness of human rights legislation PAGEREF _Toc138116535 h 133.4. The role of NGOs to protect human rights PAGEREF _Toc138116536 h 134.1. Economic Globalization: PAGEREF _Toc138116537 h 14Trade Liberalization: PAGEREF _Toc138116538 h 14Financial Integration: PAGEREF _Toc138116539 h 144.2. Positive Consequences of Economic Globalization: PAGEREF _Toc138116540 h 144.3. Negative Consequences of Economic Globalization: PAGEREF _Toc138116541 h 144.4. Transnational Corporation's Impact on Kashmir PAGEREF _Toc138116542 h 154.5. Impact of the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis PAGEREF _Toc138116543 h 15a)Economic Impact: PAGEREF _Toc138116544 h 15b)Social Impact PAGEREF _Toc138116545 h 15c)Environmental Impact PAGEREF _Toc138116546 h 15REFERENCES: PAGEREF _Toc138116547 h 17
Conflict Between India and Pakistan
Introduction:After the partition of India in 1947, a fiery conflict erupted between India and Pakistan, both vying for control over the highly coveted land of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. This clash birthed a tumultuous chronicle marked by three all-encompassing wars and a plethora of smaller-scale armed clashes. These monumental military showdowns unfolded on distinct occasions: in 1947, 1965, and 1999, all centering around the contentious border region of Kashmir. Therefore, figure 1 shows a map representing partitioning of India and Pakistan (Center for Preventive Action 2022). Figure 2 shows the timeline of conflict between two countries regarding Kashmir.
Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1 A map representing partitioning of India and Pakistan (Source: BBC) (Paul, 2022).
Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2 The timeline of conflict between two countries regarding Kashmir (Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, 2019).
1.1. The type of conflict that Kashmir is experiencing:The type of war in Kashmir can be classified as an asymmetric warfare, which refers to conflicts in which one side has significantly less military power than the other and thus resorts to unconventional tactics such as guerrilla warfare, terrorism, and insurgency. In this case, Pakistan supports militant groups in Kashmir that carry out attacks against Indian security forces (Josh, 2019).
1.2. The potential cause of the Kashmir conflict:The Kashmir conflict has been fueled by various factors, both historical and political, which have contributed to its complexity. While it is challenging to pinpoint a single definitive cause, there are several potential factors that have played a significant role in the conflict. One potential cause of the Kashmir conflict is the legacy of the partition of India in 1947. The abrupt division of British India into India and Pakistan resulted in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir being given the choice to accede to either India or Pakistan (Vijayakumaran, 2020). From a theoretical perspective, the Kashmir conflict can be viewed through the lens of territorial disputes and nationalism (Aryal and Pulami, 2023).
. As can be seen in table 1.2.1 new war theory
Source: kaldon (2013) e
As can be seen in table 1.2.1., the conflict in Kashmir has many of the characteristics of new wars such as (states, non-state groups, combatants' wars, civilians war etc.).
1.3. Positive and negative impacts:1.3.1 Positive impacts of Kashmir war:I believe that wars do not have any positive impacts on any country. However, it has many negative impacts on the countries. Both countries have taken billions of dollars of loose; thousands of people have been IDPs and lost their homes, millions of people needing care, home, transportation, education and a financial support. Moreover, thousands of families lost their beloved family member and they are disturbed mentally (outlookindia/, 2022)
1.3.2. Negative impacts of Kashmir war70,000 people have died because of the battle, including civilians, terrorists, and security officers.
Tourism, a significant source of income for the area, has decreased as a result of the violence and insecurity (2019).
Along with causing a lack of social cohesion and impeding economic and social development, the conflict has also fostered a culture of fear and distrust among the local populace.
1.4. Role of United Nations in Kashmir conflict:The United Nations has played a significant role in attempting to resolve the Kashmir conflict. The organization first became involved in 1948, when the Security Council adopted a resolution calling for a ceasefire and the withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian forces from the region. Subsequently, the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) was established to monitor the ceasefire and assist in resolving the dispute (United Nations Involvement in Kashmir Conflict). All sides to the conflict have been urged by the UN to respect human rights and participate in communication to reach a peaceful conclusion (AL JAZEERA, 2020)2.1. Theoretical approaches and sources of international law:The study of international law involves examining the theoretical approaches and sources that underpin the development and application of legal norms in the international arena. Theoretical approaches to international law provide different perspectives on its nature, purpose, and sources of authority. Main theoretical approaches are as follows as suggested in literature. The study of international law involves examining the theoretical approaches and sources that underpin the development and application of legal norms in the international arena. Theoretical approaches to international law provide different perspectives on its nature, purpose, and sources of authority. These approaches shape our understanding of how international law is formed. Table 1 shows the various approaches for international laws, their sources, what is it (description of the source), and examples where these laws are applicable. Main theoretical approaches are as follows as suggested in literature (Slagter and Van Doorn, 2022).
Law of nature approach: This approach views international law as a reflection of moral or sacred laws that apply universally to all people.
Positive approach: By contrast, positivist theorists argue that international law derives solely from the explicit consent of states, expressed in treaties and other formal agreements.
Table SEQ Table * ARABIC 1 Sources of International Law (United Nations, 2023).
As can be seen in table (the different sources of law, what is it how it helped and where).
2.2. The main methods of international law enforcement:Economic SanctionsImposing trade restrictions or other economic penalties on countries to encourage them to comply with international law.Military interventionThe use of force by the international community, usually the United Nations, to enforce international law and protect human rights.International Criminal Court:Courts established by the international community, such as the International Criminal Court (ICC), play a crucial role in prosecuting individuals for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial body of the United Nations. Its main task is to resolve legal disputes between states and to provide opinions on legal issues submitted by the UNs General Assembly, Security Council, or other sanctioned bodies.
2.3. Comparative Involvement of International Law Courts, Rulings or Decisions Made Respect of India and Pakistan:The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has been involved in several disputes between India and Pakistan, including the Indu-Pakistan war of 1971 and the Kargil conflict of 1999, and in both cases the ICJ has ruled in favor of India. In the case of the 1971 war, the ICJ determined that it had no jurisdiction to hear the case. However, international law has issued recommendation that states are prohibited from using force against another state, except in self-defense or with the authorization of the United Nations Security Council.
2.4. Theoretical reasons why Pakistan is not obeying international law:There are several possible theoretical reasons as to why Pakistan will or will not comply with the law. Potential factors include political instability, corruption, weak rule of law, lack of resources and capacity, and cultural attitudes towards particular laws and practices. Pakistan, for example has been criticized for its poor human rights records particularly with respect to religious minorities and women's rights. Despite legal protections and international agreement, human rights abuses such as forced conversions and honor killings continue. 3.1. The main principles and generations of human rights:Human rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, religion, or any other status.
The first one is Universality: This principle is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which states that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights" (Article 1).
Equality and non-discrimination: The principle of non-discrimination is central to human rights law and is recognized in numerous international treaties and conventions, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child
By equaknowledging the principles and generations of human rights, individuals and communities can strive for a society that respects and protects the inherent dignity of every person.
Table SEQ Table * ARABIC 2 Principles and Generations of Human Rights: Upholding Dignity, Freedom, Equality, and Justice:
3.2. The rights being affected or denied as a direct result of the conflict:The India-Pakistan conflict has led to numerous human rights violations and violations of international humanitarian law. Such as Right to life, both sides have been accused of extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and other forms of violence that have resulted in the loss of countless lives, including civilians, soldiers, and militants. The right to freedom of movement has affected their right to freedom of movement, as well as their right to housing and property. According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, "the India-Pakistan conflict over Kashmir, which dates back to 1947, has resulted in the internal displacement of tens of thousands of people. Right to education: The conflict has disrupted education systems in both India and Pakistan.
3.3. The effectiveness of human rights legislationThe effectiveness of human rights legislation can be analyzed through various factors such as implementation, enforcement, public awareness, and political and social context. Human rights legislation and state sovereignty can be interconnected in several ways. On the one hand, human rights legislation sets out international legal standards for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms that all states are expected to respect and uphold. However, it is important to note that the promotion and protection of human rights can also be viewed as a necessary component of state sovereignty.
3.4. The role of NGOs to protect human rightsNGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization and a broad term used to describe organizations that are independent from government control and operate on a non-profit basis. NGOs is hepling through:-offering direct assistance to those whose rights have been violated
lobbying for changes to national, regional or international law
helping to develop the substance of those laws
4.1. Economic Globalization:Globalization is the phenomena whereby resources are quickly transported between nations with few or no barriers to entry for people, products, services, money, and information. Economic globalization is characterized by free trade, free labor and capital flows, and the increase in TNCs around the world.
Characteristics of Economic Globalization:
Increase in free trade
Increase in global labor flows
Increase in capital flows
Increased growth of Trans-National Companies (TNCs)
High integration of the global trade cycle
Advancement of communications and transport sectors
Reduction of barriers between countries, dissolution of borders
4.2. Positive and negative Consequences of Economic Globalization:Positive;
Beneficiaries of economic growth: Both developed and developing nations now have more commercial opportunities thanks to globalization (Kuepper, 2013). The sale of American cars in the European Union serves as one illustration of this.
Access to new markets: Theoretically, having access to new markets is advantageous for both parties involved because since commerce is voluntary, when individuals buy goods, both the vendor and the buyer benefit from the transaction (Princov, 2010, p. 133).
Negative;
Domestic producers of the export country: In the case of US producers, trade restrictions such as quotas and a tax that make some imported goods appear more expensive currently defend their market. The justification for protectionist policies supports domestic employment and frequently contains some intangible national pride connected to the manufacture of commodities (for example, the unrest in America directed).
Increases in economic imbalances: It is well known that Western businesses take advantage of developing nations, investing just a small portion of their profits back into the nation where they are based or looking for cheaper sources of manufacturing. The problem can be investigated both broadly and specifically (Roberts, 2014).
4.3. Transnational Corporation's Impact on KashmirThere were different types of impact on the Pakistan crisis as economic, social and environmental.
Economic Impact:
There are many ways that transnational companies (TNCs) have an impact on Kashmir's economy. TNCs can provide access to international markets, FDI, infrastructure development, and employment possibilities. However, issues including resource exploitation, economic dependence, unequal wealth distribution, cultural and social changes, and political repercussions are obstacles. The particular effect depends on Kashmir's circumstances and policies.
Social:
Opportunities for Employment: The company can offer local communities employment opportunities, promoting economic growth and reducing poverty.
Community Development: The business may make investments in projects that support regional communities' social development needs, such as infrastructure, healthcare, and education.
Environmental Impact:
Deforestation: If the company purchases raw resources like wood or cotton, irresponsible business practices may result in habitat loss and deforestation.
Climate Change: The corporation's operations, transportation, and energy use may produce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.
4.4. Impact of the 2007-2008 Financial CrisisA significant worldwide economic crisis of the early twenty-first century was the financial crisis of 20072008, often known as the worldwide Financial Crisis (GFC). Pakistan has not been as impacted by the financial crisis as Western nations. This is largely because Pakistani banks have limited access to assets related to subprime mortgages, which served as the Crisis' focal point. The nation has experienced a drop in foreign investment, sluggish economic expansion, and growing inflation. These nations' unemployment rates have likewise significantly increased. In conclusion, the 20072008 financial crisis affected rich countries directly and negatively, but it also indirectly affected developing nations like Pakistan through a decline in foreign investment and an economic downturn.
REFERENCES:Centre for Preventive Action (2022). Conflict Between India and Pakistan. [online] Global Conflict Tracker. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-[ [Accessed march 11, 2023] tracker/conflict/conflict-between-india-and-pakistan
GOV.UK. (n.d.). Overseas business risk: Pakistan. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/overseas-business-risk-report-pakistan/overseas-business-risk-pakistan#economic [Accessed 5 Jul. 2023].
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Pakistan: Events of 2019. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/pakistan. [Accessed March 11, 2023].
- "India and Pakistan in court over Kashmir dispute" BBC News, 18 February 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-47298951. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
"International Court of Justice - Jurisdiction, Preliminary Objections and Counter-Claims in the Case" ICJ, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/69. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2021) refreshed 19-05-2022. India. [online] available at https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/indiaInternational Court of Justice. (n.d.). The Law and the Court. Retrieved from https://www.icj-cij.org/en/law. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
Josh, J. (2019). What were the reasons behind Indo-Pakistan War and its effects? [online] Jagranjosh.com. Available at: https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/what- were-the-reasons-behind-indopakistan-war-and-its-effects-1470226470-1. [Accessed 11 March, 2023].
"Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it," BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49234708. [Accessed May 6, 2023]
Kashmir conflict: The human cost." BBC News, August 5, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49234708. [Accessed May 6, 2023]
Kashmir: Why the UN's Failure to Resolve the Issue Matters." Al Jazeera, 5 August 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/8/5/kashmir-why-the-uns-failure-to-resolve-the-issue-matters. [Accessed May 6, 2023]
Kuepper, J. 2013. Globalization & Its Impact on Economic Growth. [ONLINE] Available at: http://internationalinvest.com/od/Important-Concepts-To-Know/fl/Globalization-amp-Its-Impact-On-Economic-Growth.htm. [Accessed 06 May 15].
Kvta Princov. 2010. Globalisation, vulnerability, poverty and human limits. In Beyond Globalisation: Exploring the Limits of Globalisation in the Regional Context (conference proceedings), 131-137. Ostrava: University of Ostrava Czech Republic, http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/16-princova.pdf.
Roberts, D. 2014. Chinas Income-Inequality Gap Widens Beyond U.S. Levels. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-04-30/chinas-income-inequality-gap-widens-beyond-u-dot-s-dot-levels. [Accessed 06 May 15].
Sano, H., Tams, C. J., & Tzanakopoulos, A. (2016). The Theory of International Law. Oxford University Press. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
StudySmarter UK. (n.d.). Economic Impact of Globalisation: Overview | StudySmarter. [online] Available at: https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/geography/changing-economic-world/economic-impact-of-globalisation/. [Accessed June 09, 2023]
United Nations (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [online] United Nations. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
United Nations (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [online] United Nations. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. (n.d.). Sources of International Law. Retrieved from https://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Sources_IL.html. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
United Nations Involvement in Kashmir Conflict." GlobalSecurity.org, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kashmir-un.htm. [Accessed May 6, 2023]
United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/international-law. [Accessed March 11, 2023]International Court of Justice: https://www.icj-cij.org/en/about-the-court. [Accessed March 11, 2023]
Westcott, S. (2020). The Case of UN Involvement in Jammu and Kashmir. [online] E- International Relations. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2020/05/29/the-case-of-un- involvement-in-jammu-and-kash [Accessed 11 March, 2023]
Yusuf, Salman. "Indian and Pakistani Forces in Kashmir: New Dynamics." Harvard Asia Quarterly 10, no. 2 (2006): 36-43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42702525. [Accessed May 6, 2023]
ONCAMPUS Assignment Brief
Academic Year 2022-23
Please read this document carefully. It includes the learning outcomes, assignment task, information about plagiarism and marking criteria. Please ask your tutor if you have any questions.
Programme
Undergraduate Foundation Programme: Humanities, Law & Social Sciences
Module
UFPH1 - Globalisation & International Relations
Assessment title
Locality Report
Deadline date
To be confirmed by your tutor
Weighting
This assessment counts for 65% of your overall grade for this module
Pass mark
40%
*please note your University may require a higher grade for progression
Assignment summary
In this assignment, you are required to produce a report about a state in conflict, focusing on the conflict, human rights issues, the role of the United Nations, the international law courts, and the impacts of the conflict on the global economy
Submission of work
http://www.turnitinuk.comFeedback
http://www.turnitinuk.comFeedback will also be communicated back to you via your tutor. They will confirm the timescale in which you will receive your feedback.
Important details
Unless instructed otherwise by your tutor, please follow the below instructions:
Word count 2,000 words
File type Word processed
Font 12 pitch font Arial or Times New Roman
Format Double spaced and justified
Referencing Harvard system
Notes Your assignment must include page numbers and word count.
You will receive a 10% penalty for this assessment if you go over the word count by more than 10%. If your assignment is significantly under the advised word count, you may not have answered the question in full. This will be reflected in your overall mark and feedback given by your tutor.
The word count does not include contents, end of text references or appendices.
Module learning outcomes:
On successful completion of this assessment, you will have met the following module learning outcomes:
Knowledge based outcomes:
Explore the impact of conflict and peace on society, the economy, and the environment
Understand the different approaches, sources, and requirements of international laws
Investigate the laws in place to protect human rights
Demonstrate understanding of the impact of a major financial crisis on the global economy
Skills based outcomes:
Gathering data and information from a variety of secondary sources
Communicating relevant information in a variety of forms
Analysing information and make reasoned judgements
Assessment criteria:
In order to successfully complete this assessment and meet the above learning outcomes, you must satisfy the following criteria:
Recognise theories, causes and types of conflict
Discuss different approaches to war and peace
Explain the positive and negative impacts of conflict and war
Explore the role of the United Nations and the effectiveness in maintaining peace and security
Identify the different approaches to domestic and international law and how these are maintained
Outline methods of international law enforcement and reasons why states obey
Compare and contrast the role and jurisdiction of the international law courts
Outline the main principles of human rights and their classification system
Describe and critically analyse the legislation that exists to protect human rights
Explore the role of state sovereignty in the denial of human rights protection
Investigate the role of non-government organisations in championing human rights
Explain global economy and the main causes and characteristics of economic globalisation
Explore consequences of economic effects on developed and developing countries
Identify factors that attract transnational corporations to a state and analyse the economic, social and environmental impacts
Describe the background and causes of a major global financial concern
Investigate the impact of economic crisis on the wealth of nations and people
Assignment instructions:
Your mission is to research one state that is currently (or has been) in conflict and produce a report focusing on the conflict, human rights issues, the role of the UN, the role of the international law courts, and the impacts of the conflict on the global economy.
This can be a state that you have already come across in your studies, or another state entirely, but please check the suitability with your tutor. Alternatively, consider one of the following:
MINURSO, Western Sahara. MINUSCA, Central African Republic. MONUSCO, D.R. of the Congo. UNDOF, Golan. UNFICYP, Cyprus. UNIFIL, Lebanon. UNMISS, South Sudan. UNMOGIP, India and Pakistan. UNTSO, Middle East.
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/where-we-operate
This assignment is broken down into four main tasks. You will submit each task for feedback as you progress through the course. This gives you the opportunity to revise and improve each section prior to final submission at the beginning of term three. Your tutor will advise you of submission dates.
A list of useful resources can be found at the end of each task description.
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Task 1: Explore the impact of conflict and peace on society, the economy, and the environment (20 marks)
Provide an overview of your chosen state and the conflict that it is experiencing.
You should consider the following:
The type of conflict that your chosen state is experiencing
The potential cause of this conflict and a theoretical explanation for it
The positive and negative impacts of this conflict in your chosen state
The role of the United Nations in this conflict and the methods of conflict resolution being used
Useful resources
Class notes weeks 3 to 6
Chapter 10 from your textbook
The Global Conflict Tracker can be used to assist in finding a suitable place of conflict
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Task 2: Understand the different approaches, sources, and requirements of international laws (20 marks)
Explore how the law has been involved in your area of conflict.
Consider the following:
The theoretical approaches and sources of international law
The main methods of international law enforcement
The comparative involvement of the international law courts and the rulings or decisions they have made in respect of your chosen conflict
The theoretical reasons why your state might or might not be obeying the law
Useful resources
Class notes weeks 7 to 10
Chapter 14 from your textbook
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Task 3: Investigate the laws in place to protect human rights (20 marks)
Examine how human rights are being affected in your chosen state because of the conflict.
Consider the following:
The main principles and generations of human rights
The rights, if any, that are being affected or denied in your chosen state as a direct result of the conflict there
The effectiveness of human rights legislation
The role of state sovereignty in the denial of human rights protection
The role of non-government organisations who are working to protect human rights in your chosen state
Useful resources
Class notes weeks 11 to 14.
Chapters 12 and 13 from your textbook.
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Task 4: Demonstrate understanding of the impact of a major financial crisis on the global economy (20 marks)
Explore the impact of the global financial crisis on your chosen state.
Consider the following:
The main causes and characteristics of economic globalisation
The positive and negative consequences of economic globalisation
The economic, social, and environmental impacts that one transnational corporation has on your chosen state
The impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on your chosen state in comparison to other states (developed vs. developing)
Useful resources
Class notes weeks 16 to 19
Plagiarism
We expect all submitted work to be your own words (apart from in-text quotations), written in a style that reflects your English language level. If you copy other peoples work and present it as your own, this is called plagiarism and is a serious academic offence.
The full details of our policy on academic misconduct can be found at the back of the Programme Handbook.
You must complete a coursework submission sheet and attach this to the front of your assignment.
Submissions without this sheet may be rejected and may result in a mark of 0 being awarded for this assignment.
Marking criteria Locality Report
Up to 100 marks are available for your locality report as follows:
Incomplete / No attempt Unsatisfactory Competent Strong Exceptional Total (max. 100)
0 3 marks 4 7 marks 8 11 marks 12 15 marks 16 20 marks Task 1 Explore the impact of conflict and peace on society, the economy, and the environment (AC 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4)
(20 marks) Work is incomplete and/or bears no / little resemblance to the task. Limited in addressing the criteria.
Lack of clarity in respect of the cause.
Link to theoretical approach is tenuous.
Minimal recognition of positive / negative impacts.
Unclear as to the role of the United Nations.
Reasonable attempt to explore their chosen conflict.
Some application of the theory.
Good recognition of the positive and negative impacts.
The role of the United Nations is explained.
Relevant methods of resolution identified.
Clear knowledge evidenced in relation to the conflict, causes and theoretical approach in their chosen state.
Positive and negative impacts are relevant.
The role of the United Nations is linked specifically to the issues and effectiveness is addressed. Excellent understanding of the causes and impacts of their chosen conflict.
The writing flows throughout in linking the reasons for conflict with the effect on economy and environment.
In exploring the impact there is a clear analytical and balanced approach. Task 2
Understand the different approaches, sources, and requirements of international laws (AC 2.1, 2.2, 2.3)
(20 marks). Work is incomplete and / or bears no / little resemblance to the task. Limited in addressing the criteria.
Lack of clarity about theoretical approaches and sources of international law.
Minimal description of the methods of law enforcement.
Unclear as to why states obey.
Little or no comparison between the different international law courts.
Reasonable explanation of theoretical approaches and sources of international law.
Clear outline of main methods of law enforcement.
Acceptable explanation of reasons for state obeyance of international law.
Good attempt to compare and contrast the international law courts - link to chosen conflict may be tentative.
Clarity in explanation of different sources of law and methods of enforcement.
Reasons why states obey are clear and linked to approaches.
Strong knowledge of role and jurisdiction evidenced in comparison of international law courts, clearly related to chosen conflict.
Excellent understanding of the different sources of law.
Firm links are made between the theoretical approaches and the reasons for obeying both directly related to chosen conflict.
Very clear analysis of the relative input of the law courts on chosen conflict. Task 3
Investigate the laws in place to protect human rights (AC 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4)
(20 marks) Work is incomplete and / or bears no / little resemblance to the task. Limited in addressing the criteria.
Minimal knowledge of the main principles of human rights.
Limited description of the classification system.
Analysis of human rights legislation is absent or very weak.
Little exploration of the conflict between state sovereignty and human rights.
Investigation into the role of NGOs regarding human rights is brief.
Description of the main principles of human rights and their classification system is reasonably detailed.
Appropriate analysis of human rights legislation.
Strong link made between the role of state and the provision of human rights.
Clear investigation of the work of NGOs.
Links to chosen conflict may be tentative. The main principles and their classification system are clearly outlined demonstrating a good level of understanding.
Analysis of the legislation is strong with a well-balanced view presented.
The reasons for denial of human rights are clearly made with some reference to state sovereignty.
There is a presentation of the role of NGOs in championing human rights.
Views will be clearly and appropriately linked at times to the chosen state in conflict.
Excellent knowledge and understanding of the main principles of human rights and their classification system.
High level of analysis of the legislation that exists to protect human rights and the theoretical reasons why these rights might be denied in the conflict state, including the role of state sovereignty.
The role of the NGOs in the conflict state is investigated in detail. Task 4
Demonstrate understanding of the impact of a major financial crisis on the global economy (AC 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5)
(20 marks) Work is incomplete and / or bears no / little resemblance to the task. Limited in addressing the criteria.
Little acknowledgement of the main causes and characteristics of economic globalisation.
Limited description of positive and/or negative consequences of economic globalisation.
Little understanding of the reasons why TNCs are attracted to certain states.
Little attempt to analyse the economic, social, and/or environmental impacts that TNCs have.
Limited explanation of the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis may or may not be linked to chosen state.
Reasonable attempt to outline the main causes and characteristics of economic globalisation including description of the positive and negative consequences of economic globalisation link to chosen state might be tentative.
Identification of an appropriate TNC and reasons that attracted it to the chosen state.
Reasonable attempt to analyse the economic, social, and/or environmental impacts that TNCs have link to chosen state may be tentative.
Some level of comparison of the impacts of 2007-2008 financial crisis on chosen state with another state.
Clear outline of the main causes and characteristics of economic globalisation including good analysis of the positive and negative consequences of economic globalisation where the chosen state is used as an example.
Some analysis of the economic, social, and/or environmental impacts that one TNC has on the chosen state.
The impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on the chosen state in comparison to other states will be clear. The causes and characteristics of economic globalisation are well defined.
Clear evaluation of the consequences of economic globalisation.
Strong analysis of the factors that attract TNCs and the economic, social and environmental impacts of those TNCs on their host state.
The background and causes of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis are clearly stated with good analysis of the impact on nations and peoples wealth.
Links to the chosen state and comparison with other states (developed vs. developing) is throughout.
Presentation and
Harvard Referencing
(20 marks) Numerous deficiencies in expression and presentation; the writer may achieve clarity (if at all) only by using a simplistic or repetitious style.
Inadequate use of research/appendix.
Little or no attempt to Harvard reference, or incorrect referencing system used. A simple basic style but with significant deficiencies in expression or format that may pose obstacles for the reader.
Limited use of sources to support a point.
Attempted to use Harvard referencing, though with numerous errors.
Reasonably competently written, with only minor lapses from standard grammar, with an acceptable format.
Narrow variety of sources but reasonably used to support points.
Harvard referencing used throughout, with some errors.
Well written, with standard spelling and grammar, in a readable style with acceptable format.
Good range of sources, well organised.
Use of Harvard referencing with few mistakes. Excellently written, with minimal spelling and grammar errors.
Excellent format and uses Harvard referencing with no / minor mistakes. Total (max 100)
