3ED004- Inter-Professional Working

3ED004- Inter-Professional Working

Assessment: (1500 words)

You will examine a chosen case study and discuss key factors relating to interprofessional and interagency working

Case Study 1: Winterbourne View

Case Study 2: Victoria Climbie

Learning Outcomes:

LO1: Identify key principles of interprofessional and inter-agency working.

LO2: Discuss the barriers to interprofessional and inter-agency working.

LO3: Discuss current areas of recommendations in the field of study.

Formative 3ED004- Essay Plan

This formative opportunity is a tutorial to discuss your plan for your essay- (Based on your selected Case study)

Please complete the template below and can include what you have written about the Rationale/Principles/Barriers or Recommendations to inter-professional or multidisciplinary team working.

Please complete the plan below in preparation for your assignment support session in Week-12

Write in each box an outline of what you will discuss in that section of your essay.

You can use bullet points, or notes, or write a few sentences and please try to include any references you may use in each section.

Assignment essay plan Tick when completed

Introduction

(as a guide: 100-150 words) Identify your field of study

Briefly introduce your chosen case study and

provide a brief rationale of why it is relevant to your field of study.

Introduce your chosen case study in a few sentences and explain how the case study links to Public Health.

Why is it relevant for you, going into the Public Health industry to be aware of a case study like this?

Consider how having knowledge from this case study would be beneficial for you in the future, when working in the Public Health Field.

Try to link by defining your role as working in the public health sector perspective while working with other agencies such as housing, police, public health department etc

Main Discussion: (As a guide approx. 1250 words)

Identify key principles of interprofessional and interagency working and describe why interprofessional and interagency working is important in the context of your chosen case study (L03) (L01)

Day ( 2013);

Teamwork-

Education- learning/training safeguarding

Communication-

Shared values - Needs effective institutional support, an interprofessional working culture and an environment that supports interprofessional working (WHO 2010 cited in Day 2013)

Increased expertise/ specialism - Allows development of detailed knowledge and skill in one area of workNo one person can know or do everythingMultiple specialists come together to provide a service. Increased specialisation/expertise = more professionals or agencies involved in delivering a service

Effective operationalisation- of the underpinning values and expertise (Tee and Rongen, 2019). Requires enhanced collaboration between services, to Provide seamless service for patients/clients

*Chose one of these key principles to discuss

Discuss the barriers to interprofessional and interagency working identified in your chosen case study (LO2)

Organisational culture -Cultural conditions ( Karolyis Coaches Approach to Training. Follow orders, win at all cost, normalisation of pain, to win protect the image of the USAG, USAG not having oversight of Nasser)

Below are two quotes I could paraphrase to support my point.

Day 2013- organisational culture issues being a barrier.

Also look at the reading on canvas

The primary lesson learned over several decades in these human service areas is that for multidisciplinary teams to be effective and a positive influence on the working environment, a climate of cooperation and collaboration needs to be actively fostered in what is potentially an environment that fosters competition and conflict (Bell, 2001; Carpenter, King-Sears, & Keys, 1998; Conner, 1999; Dobson, Dodsworth, & Miller, 2000; Landau, 2000; McConachie, Salt, Chadury, McLachlan, & Logan, 1999). (Stewardt and Thorne, 2004)

Leaderships Governance choices and Ineffective leadership USAG, however, has historically conducted minimal oversight over certain aspects of the development of its national teams, including the Womens National Team training camps at the Karolyi Ranch. And USAGs decision not to exert its authority over Nassar or his management of the organizations medical care contributed to Nassars ability to abuse hundreds of athletes. Nassar was able to carve out, and reinforce, a role in the organization where he had unrestricted access to young gymnasts with almost no oversight. (Mcphee and Dowden 2018)

THEN paraphrase these sections when use it in the work.

Issues in the Communication processes Poor Communication. Inadequate policies and procedures.

Professionals/organisations working in isolation Lack of willingness to collaborate.

Misplaced trust Too much trust (in Nasser to carry out his duties in isolation) Lack of trust ( CEO not sharing all the information with the board) Power differences (Nasser adult and specialist in his field)

Failure to act Risk in of sexual abuse in sports. Delays in response (of USAG and the FBI in Detroit)

Governance choices

Ineffective leadership

Inadequate policies and procedures

Delays in response

Risk of sexual abuse in sports

Communication

Power differences

Team resources

Lack of willingness to collaborate

Identify what you think is the most important recommendation emerging from your chosen case study and explain why this is important in your field study (L03)

Have stricter policies/ processes

Education training safeguarding

Communication- openness and health culture of sharing

Culture/collaboration

Policies and procedure

Tougher Safeguarding laws

Voices need to be heard

Inter-professional Education

Team Meetings/Collaboration

Communication

Support your discussion points with reference to reliable sources of information and follow the University requirements in relation to cite them right Harvard referencing.

Conclusion

( as a guide 100 150 words) Conclusion:

Summarise key points you have discussed in your assignment.

Dont add any new information here just state the main points of your discussion.

This assignment discusses inter-professional and inter-agency collaboration in the health and social care sector. using the module learning outcomes, the essay focuses on the case study of Victoria Climbie, the crime that shocked Britain. This essay, identifies the key principles, followed by discussing barriers and enablers and concluding with the current area of debate in the chosen field. This will also explore definitions, some of the legislations and changes and the importance of early intervention in child abuse. According to..early intervention of supporting children is the key principals in childrens act 1989, however many studies have highlighted the continuous abuse of children, this has heightened the need for interprofessional and interagency collaborative work.

Interprofessional working involves assimilating diverse groups of professionals towards achieving a common goal. Also includes professionals within an organisation who engage with one another for mutual advantage. Professionalism, a required skill that involves devotion to a code of conduct, ethics, and performance of duties. According towhen all these skills and knowledge incorporate, it results in the outcome of healthy lives and better conditions. Interagency comprises of other, professionals working on behalf of a business or organisations like government department or charities. In health and social care, the need for different group has increased specialisation because of the knowledge and skills demonstrated during collaboration. Multiple specialists incorporate to provide a service and a Seamless service to patients and clients. Interdisciplinary team is when health care providers from different groups and field come together with the same goal to provide the best care service to patients. Multidisciplinary team comprises of health professionals from different organisations collaborating to provide exhaustive patient care. Whiles.also defines multidisciplinary working as two workers from different professional disciplinary or job role who are engage in joint work.

Collaboration practice is a key principle to interprofessional and interagency working, that occur when two or more organisations works together to achieve a common goal, commitment, development of structure and shared responsibility. Collaboration includes, sharing partnerships, interdependency, and power to yield a better health service and outcomes. .call collaboration practice as an institutional support that bring in the government policies, working culture (trust and respect), environmental mechanisms, shared operation, and supportive management for a better health outcome by professionals. From Victorias case report, if all the professional bodies had collaborated, it would not have resulted in her death. Neil Garnham QC listed no fewer than 12 key occasions when the relevant services had the opportunity to successfully intervene in the life of Victoria, but they failed her. Collaboration brings best interest to the patient, coordination, and respect of autonomy and non-maleficence (doing no harm).

Another principle is increase in specialisation, the expansion of knowledge and skills have contributed to improvement in the health and social care sector to meet the needs of patients. This allows the development of knowledge and skills in one field of work. Not one person is entitled to know and do everything, but multiple specialists provide better service for patients. For instance, social workers, who stand as interprofessional collaborators between health and related sectors, help in broader determinants of health, such as housing, clean water food, security, and education. But in case of Victoria, the social worker was newly employed and had little knowledge, experience, and skills about the role with no support from management. Also, the unregistered and unexperienced childminder had no knowledge about safety of children and steps to take on abuse. According to.for effective teamwork and collaboration, multiple specialists must work together for the effectiveness and the wellbeing of patients or individual. Specialisations brings in drivers to improve upon policies and initiatives, case reviews, teamwork, education, and communication into the field of health care services and the development.

Lack of effective communication is a barrier to interprofessional and interagency working. Effective communication can lead to safety, sympathetic and person-centred care. Professionals and agencies must demonstrate the ability to communicate and relate with people effectively. All professionals are required to have excellent communication skills and be able to involve individuals and families in understanding and making care decision. At the hospital, the nurses raised the concern, but it did not escalate because nobody communicated with the victim. Communication can be verbal and nonverbal. Verbal is in the form of spoken words and nonverbal can take the form of body contact. In Victorias case nonverbal communication was spotted most of the time but due to lack of the skill, most of the professionals ignored it. Victoria employed the use of nonverbal communication anytime Kouao visited but because the nurses lacked the knowledge in communication, they failed her. .research that effective communication is very necessary in the field of health and social care because it means life and death.

Another barrier is organisational culture, according to., is a shared way of reasoning, feeling, and behaving in health care organisations. Again, classified it into three component, Visible manifestation (delivery of roles and layout), Shared way of thinking (values and Beliefs) and Deeper shared assumptions (knowledge, assumed power in healthcare). It also shows how the organisation is positioned to accomplish things. For instant, professional hierarch in healthcare sector, where the Doctor has the final say to diagnose Victorias abuse as Scabies, although other protective agencies were available. It was obvious that in the final week of Victorias life, the social worker knocked at the door but there was no answer and assumed they had moved from the flat. Lisas assumption was wrong. Laming commented Victoria was in fact lying just a few yards away in the prison of the bath desperately hoping someone might find her and come to rescue her before her life ebbed away.

According to.Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interagency enable two or more professionals to learn with, from and about each other to improve collaborative practice and quality of care. That is working effectively, gaining knowledge, skills through training to achieve a common goal. said it gives opportunity for health and social care professionals and agencies to learn and have knowledge about languages used by different professionals. Education helps teams to decide a common language and terminologies to use. IPE helps multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team to work collaboratively and effectively. IPE is beneficial because it brings respect, trust, and awareness to the roles of professional groups, reduces working in isolation, promote communication and reduce hierarchies between groups. Promoting, IPE brings in integrated care, safe care to improve and enable supportive working culture. Again, failure in health and social care policies has contributed to the recommendation in Laming report which stated that for different professionals to be able to work together, they should learn together.

Another enabler is effective teamworking, different groups having a clear understanding of shared objectives, conforming to a participative principle. Additionally, it can also be defined as when others contribute to a shared purpose to build a mental module. Working in a team, makes professionals liable for their responsibilities and improve team communication. Effective teamworking brings, trust and confidentiality; people need to trust each other before communicating their vulnerability and strength. ..said teamwork improve productivity in healthcare sectors, safety of patient, reduce workloads and focus on patient centred service. Effective teamwork contributes to good communication, active listening, sharing of ideas, records keeping, delegation of responsibilities and training and education. Teamwork removes working in isolation, under the Victorias case study reports that all the agencies were working in isolation.

..highlighted the importance of a childs voice and the knowledge and experience safeguarding journey. The introduction of working together to safeguarding children (2018) is the most important recommendation in the health and social care sector because, it is the concept that works to protect, prevent children from harm, providing support for children and family and the need to improve legislations and policies due to child death caused by negligence and abuse. The welfare of children is essential, and children are to be protected and supported when the need arises. Authorities, organisations, and agencies have the responsibilities of safeguarding children, as introduced in the Children Acts 1986 and 2004. The child centre approach is the approach to improve and promote the welfare of children. And everyone has a duty of care to safe children, Children Act 2004 which was implemented after Victorias death, provided a legal framework for Every Child Matters, stressing on the importance of multiagency working with children. Also, under the section 10 of Children Acts 2004, agencies should organise and promote collaboration among themselves for better welfare of children. Promoting effective communication practice is an essential aspect of health promotion in public health education and campaigns among health professional and patients. Communication brings awareness, knowledge and influence behaviours and attitudes of individuals or organisations toward health issues. Listening in organisational culture promotes the welfare of children and families and increases the understanding of the needs of children.

Interprofessional and interagency, when they collaborate effectively, it leads to the welfare of children. Effective Teamwork brings, professional knowledge, responsibilities, knowledge of other roles, and effective communication. There may be challenges and barriers to interdisciplinary and multiagency working collaboratively for the health and wellbeing among children, but gradually through education, the tragic event of Victoria will never happen again under health care practice. Lord Laming reported a gross failure of the system widespread organisational malaise was the main reason why Victoria lost protection from the health services.