-85725-752475COMMENT

-85725-752475COMMENT

The Research concept is a brief (4-5 pages document) where the DBA student provides a high-level overview of what he/she would like to study.

Below sections could be included:

- For the Introduction part you should briefly introduce the topic of your study (e.g., why your topic is important? why you would like to study it? why is it novel? what is so new with your topic? what you will bring to the management/business world by studying that particular topic? etc...)

- For the Literature review: at this stage you can use Google Scholar as the main database and you should query it with some keywords related to your topic (e.g., if your topic is "Business challenges related to Bitcoin introduction" - then you should enter some keywords in google scholar such as "business challenge bitcoin" or "organization challenge bitcoin". etc. Once done, you need to briefly review what for example top 20 papers said about that topic (you need at least to read the abstract of those papers). Finally, once you analyze the first 20 or 30 papers, you should do the critical review of that literature and say what your work bring and you will fill the gap with your work. You do not need to go too much in details but just to indicate and CITE past papers in this literature review section.

NOTE: Remove this comment so you can use the template that starts on the next page

00COMMENT

The Research concept is a brief (4-5 pages document) where the DBA student provides a high-level overview of what he/she would like to study.

Below sections could be included:

- For the Introduction part you should briefly introduce the topic of your study (e.g., why your topic is important? why you would like to study it? why is it novel? what is so new with your topic? what you will bring to the management/business world by studying that particular topic? etc...)

- For the Literature review: at this stage you can use Google Scholar as the main database and you should query it with some keywords related to your topic (e.g., if your topic is "Business challenges related to Bitcoin introduction" - then you should enter some keywords in google scholar such as "business challenge bitcoin" or "organization challenge bitcoin". etc. Once done, you need to briefly review what for example top 20 papers said about that topic (you need at least to read the abstract of those papers). Finally, once you analyze the first 20 or 30 papers, you should do the critical review of that literature and say what your work bring and you will fill the gap with your work. You do not need to go too much in details but just to indicate and CITE past papers in this literature review section.

NOTE: Remove this comment so you can use the template that starts on the next page

TENTATIVE TITLE

A Research Concept Paper Proposal

Presented

by

STUDENT NAME

Copyright by STUDENT NAME YEAR

All Rights Reserved

INTRODUCTION

1.1 IntroductionEvery construction project is unique and has its own operating environment and sets of technical requirements. As a result, the execution of a construction project is subject to numerous constraints that limit the commencement or progression of field operations, which invariably have significant negative impact on overall project performance. By definition, constraints refer to any condition, such as temporal/spatial limitations and safety/quality concerns, which may prevent a project to achieve its goals. Successful execution and control of a construction project relies on effective identification and management of constraints through master planning and short-term look-ahead scheduling. While the master schedule provides a global view of a project and the overall execution strategy, a look-ahead schedule offers a detail account of operational constraints and a detailed plan showing work to be done within a relatively short time window. Ideally, these detailed schedules should reflect actual field conditions and provide field personnel with operation instructions free of constraints and conflicts (Hinze 2008). This look-ahead scheduling and constraint analysis procedure is also a critical component of the last-planner methodology proposed by Ballard (2000). This research project will provide an overview of state-of-art schedule constraint analysis practice during look-ahead scheduling. In addition, it will propose a conceptual framework for managing constraints.

00COMMENT

Background or introduction section provides a description of the basic facts and importance of the research area - What is your research area, the motivation of research, and how important is it for the industry practice/knowledge advancement?

0COMMENT

Background or introduction section provides a description of the basic facts and importance of the research area - What is your research area, the motivation of research, and how important is it for the industry practice/knowledge advancement?

PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Preliminary Literature Review Objectives

A preliminary literature review shows that past studies are primarily focused on understanding and modeling a particular type of constraint, such as technological, contractual, resource, spatial, and information constraints. Limited progress has been made on classifying various constraints according to their characteristics in a comprehensive manner. In terms of modeling and resolving constraints, various approaches have been recommended. For example, many CPM-based methods are applied to deal with time-related constraints; knowledge-based systems were used to automate work plan generation; network-based optimization algorithms were developed to resolve constraints; and databases and visualization techniques, such as 3D, 4D, and Virtual Reality (VR), are used to communicate and visualize constraints. What is missing from the past studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints What is missing from the past studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints

7620028575COMMENT

Preliminary literature review: provide a summary of previous related research on the research problem and their strength and weakness and a justification of your research - What is known/what have been done by others? And, why your research is still necessary?

COMMENT

Preliminary literature review: provide a summary of previous related research on the research problem and their strength and weakness and a justification of your research - What is known/what have been done by others? And, why your research is still necessary?

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

3.1 Discussion

The primary research method for this study is literature review and conceptual modeling. Constraint identification and classification through a structured approach is the very first step toward a zero-constraint environment. This study will first review various types of constraints in construction and their characteristics. Based on this understanding, a classification method will be developed to categorize constraint factors for the purpose of constraint identification and modeling. In the second stage of this study, existing constraint modeling methods will be identified based on a comprehensive review of current industry practices and academic researches. Finally, once the constraint classification and modeling techniques are identified, a conceptual framework for total constraint management will be outlined. This study will be conducted between September 2020 and May 2021.

3.2 Conclusion

With this research we intend to demonstrate that xxx

952552705COMMENT

Discussion and Conclusions should provide a high level overview of the research methods and logic steps - What to do and how to solve the problem and achieve proposed objectives? Which research methods (e.g. survey, modeling, case study ) will be used? Attach a project schedule table, if necessary.

0COMMENT

Discussion and Conclusions should provide a high level overview of the research methods and logic steps - What to do and how to solve the problem and achieve proposed objectives? Which research methods (e.g. survey, modeling, case study ) will be used? Attach a project schedule table, if necessary.

BIBLIOGRAPHYBranford, Victor. Interpretations and Forecasts: A Study of Survials and Tendencies in Contemporary Society. London: Duckworth & Co., 1914.

Darwin, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Facsimile Edition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. London: Murray, 1859.

. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Reprint Edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1965. London: D. Appleton, 1872.

. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton, 1872.

Geddes, Patrick. Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics. London: Williams & Norgate, 1915.

left-3809COMMENT

All factual material that is not original with you must be accompanied by a reference to its source. Please use proper citation style (Harvard style).

0COMMENT

All factual material that is not original with you must be accompanied by a reference to its source. Please use proper citation style (Harvard style).

CONCEPT PAPER

ON

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EFFECTIVENESS IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

Table of Contents

TOC o "1-3" h z u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc129356351 h 3Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc129356352 h 4Preliminary Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc129356353 h 4Research Gaps & Research Objective PAGEREF _Toc129356354 h 6Research Gaps PAGEREF _Toc129356355 h 6Research Objectives PAGEREF _Toc129356356 h 7Research Hypothesis PAGEREF _Toc129356357 h 7Research Methodology PAGEREF _Toc129356358 h 7Research Design PAGEREF _Toc129356359 h 7Area of Study PAGEREF _Toc129356360 h 8Sampling Technique and Sample Size PAGEREF _Toc129356361 h 8Data Collection Method PAGEREF _Toc129356362 h 8Data Analysis Technique PAGEREF _Toc129356363 h 8Implication of Study PAGEREF _Toc129356364 h 8References PAGEREF _Toc129356365 h 9

Introduction

Small-scale companies are essential to the country's overall economic development, where millions of people are either unemployed or underemployed. The two biggest issues are poverty and unemployment (Adam & Alarifi, 2021). These two issues are resolved by small-scale industries as these industries offers quick, substantial employment at cheaper costs.

Growth of small-scale companies is essential to achieving a balanced economic growth where capital is scarce, and unemployment is pervasive (Ahmed & Ganapathy, 2021). Small-scale businesses are strong because they are widely dispersed in rural, semi-urban and metropolitan areas, support an entrepreneurial foundation, have shorter gestation periods and have a fair distribution of wealth and income.

The function of small-scale companies has long been backed by a variety of viewpoints, including decentralisation, employment, equality, latent resource, trickling effect, insurance against social conflict and others (Alshebami et al., 2020). Making provisions for capital formation and self-employment are additional considerations in favour of this. Several economists have commented on the study of SSIs. The health of the small-scale sector directly affects the expansion of the national economy in terms of output, employment and exports.

The goal of improving industry performance and the role of small-scale industries is what drives entrepreneurship effectiveness in small-scale industries. It is undeniable that this study is important for fulfilling academic requirements, but it is important to remember that educational institutions were created to turn out competent businesspersons who can operate small businesses effectively (Akpan et al., 2021).

Small-scale industries have been crucial to the development of the nation. The government often places emphasis on the contribution of small and medium-sized businesses in its budget. Further considerations in favour of small-scale industries include support for capital formation and self-employment, as well as their quick yielding, low import and skill requirements. Since one of the early studies in 1961, various economists have offered varying perspectives on the analysis of the data on SSIs (Akpan et al., 2022).

Problem Statement

An One of the most important aspects of in nations national economy has been the small-scale industrial sector's brisk entrepreneurship growth. With a little initiative and help, underemployed farm labourers can obtain permanent job and earn a relatively high and consistent income. There is limitless potential for the growth of business. Hence, the expansion of entrepreneurship in small industrial units is required. Many small industries have grown into huge industrial entities as an outcome of their success.

Preliminary Literature ReviewThe notion has been that the success of any economyindustrialised or underdevelopeddepends greatly on how successfully the small-scale industries are organised and controlled, according to Campos et al. (2017). The majority of the industrialised nations in the world are leaders in small-scale industries (Ebrahimi et al., 2021).

Haseeb et al. (2019) stated that the primary goals of a small business are actually to generate profits for the manager or owner so they can fund future growth. As a result, for psychological, economic and entrepreneurial effectiveness to be achieved there should be balance between manager and employee goals (Hillary, 2017). Therefore, profit is a reward for an effective entrepreneurship.

It is a foundation to small- scale industrial development, which is consequently and acid text for entrepreneurship effectiveness. Profit is thus a reward for successful entrepreneurship (Jafari-Sadeghi et al., 2020). It serves as the basis for small-scale industrial development, which is essential for the success of entrepreneurship. Thus, in order to achieve the much-needed entrepreneur effectiveness, the government, which is extremely interested, must establish the peace of industrial funding and management (Martinez-Jimenez et al., 2020).

The government should take into account further initiatives to support small-scale businesses and entrepreneurial development suggested by Khan et al. (2020). Moreover, entrepreneurship effectiveness is a key component of entrepreneurial personal evaluation to identify entrepreneurial qualities, minimising risk and maximising reward through decision-making creativity, ingenuity and ability (Krizanova et al., 2020).

Many research projects on entrepreneurship and small-scale businesses have been carried out. The main research focuses on the debate surrounding the question of efficiency in small-scale versus large-scale industries. In their studies, Leonidou et al. (2021) discovered that small-scale enterprises produce fewer jobs than large-scale industries. In the modern era, these small-scale enterprises have shifted from being labour-intensive to becoming capital-intensive.

In their research on the productivity of the small-scale industry, McDonald and Eisenhardt (2020) discovered that while SSIs have poor labour productivity, they have very high capital productivity. Yet, the productivity of all factors combined has decreased. In his investigations, (Mller et al., 2021) made clear that the SSI should not be used as a means of effectively creating jobs. According to McKenzie (2017), a rupee's worth of fixed investment in small firms adds value that is at least three times greater than that of a large factory.

Some of the researches have been performed on the issues that are presenting a hurdle to growth of these small firms promoted by various entrepreneurs. In their study, Olanrewaju et al. (2020) discovered that the small-scale industry's freedom of choice is affected as an outcome of the intense rivalry. Although newer technologies are available in the market, the technology used by small-scale units has remained unchanged.

Lack of operational and investment capacities, reluctance to invest, inability to engage in technological search, upgrades, etc. are possible causes. The expansion of the general market is positively impacted by IT investment while the productivity of workers is negatively impacted. Yet, neither the position of an enterprise as an exporter nor their returns are significantly impacted by such investments (Ebrahimi et al., 2021). Campos et al. (2017) found in their study that working with the government is highly difficult for small businesses.

A scan of the available literature reveals that small-scale industry development is dynamic and that it is impossible to conduct a thorough research at one time that examines the causal connections between the factors used to evaluate small-scale companies' performance throughout the course of time. Relying on industry downsizing and dependence on small and medium industries expansion and development as an industrial and economic development motor is one of the industrial development strategies that have lately been studied by developing or even industrialised countries (Tambunan, 2019).

Small and medium-sized enterprises, according to international societies and organisations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, are crucial for job creation, the advancement of society's economy and prosperity. As a result, developed and developing nations, particularly those in east and eastern south Asia, have significantly reduced economic and social crisis by implementing cohesive and comprehensive policies in this area.

Research Gaps & Research Objective

Research GapsSmall firms struggle with a variety of issues due to their size. They do not have much money for growth. Since they are unable to take advantage of government incentives and plans, they are unable to benefit from economies of scale in production and lack drive to expand. However, there is little data on the outcomes and efficacy of effective initiatives, as well as the most successful methods for developing and implementing small-scale entrepreneurs. The majority of the assessed initiatives are tiny pilots and the outcomes are inconsistent. In addition, there are concerns regarding the results' external validity and that whether they would hold true if programs were scaled up.

Research ObjectivesTo understand the socioeconomic status of small-scale industrial entrepreneurs

To identify the effect of small-scale industry on economy and development

To compare the performance of small-scale industries in the pre- and post-liberalisation periods, while taking into consideration variables such as employment generated, exports, the number of units produced and productivity per employee

Research Hypothesis

For the purpose of this study, the research developed the following hypothesis.

H0: Small and medium-sized businesses do not stimulate economic expansion and growth.

H1: Small sized businesses are engines of economic expansion.

Research MethodologyResearch DesignIn this study among small business owners, we will use a survey-based methodological approach to assess the impact of several factors on the subject at issue. This approach uses a top-bottom approach to help the researcher create a hypothesis after reading the literature review and gathering the relevant data needed to determine whether the existing theories are relevant or not.

Area of StudyThe inductive method is preferable to the deductive approach for those research initiatives that intend to produce unique hypotheses that are relevant to the study subject (Essel et al., 2019). This approach helps in the first research to obtain the information required to create a new theory.

Sampling Technique and Sample SizeThe sample will consist of more than 200 small-scale industry owners, including retail storeowners. Five case studies are also anticipated to be helpful.

Data Collection MethodThe majority of the information used in this study will be gleaned from secondary sources. The two primary research techniques for this study will be a review of the published literature and case studies. We will choose case studies for this study since there have been prior studies on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship in small size enterprises in emerging economies.

Data Analysis TechniqueThe first of three crucial steps in the data analysis process is data organisation. Combining classification and summarisation is the second most used method for data reduction. By using straightforward identification and connection, it is easier to spot data trends and findings. The third and final strategy is data analysis, which can be done top-down or bottom-up.

Implication of Study

In the end, the societal benefits and costs of the intervention will determine whether governments should step in to improve the earnings and livelihoods of subsistence entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship initiatives. This suggests that the only assistance that subsistence business owners may get would be anti-poverty transfers and possibly interventions to help them find wage employment.

References

Adam, N. A., & Alarifi, G. (2021). Innovation practices for survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the COVID-19 times: the role of external support.Journal of innovation and entrepreneurship,10(1), 15

Ahmed, A. A. A., & Ganapathy, A. (2021). Creation of automated content with embedded artificial intelligence: a study on learning management system for educational entrepreneurship.Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal,27(3), 1-10

Akpan, I. J., Soopramanien, D., & Kwak, D. H. (2021). Cutting-edge technologies for small business and innovation in the era of COVID-19 global health pandemic.Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,33(6), 607-617

Akpan, I. J., Udoh, E. A. P., & Adebisi, B. (2022). Small business awareness and adoption of state-of-the-art technologies in emerging and developing markets and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship,34(2), 123-140

Alshebami, A., Al-Jubari, I., Alyoussef, I., & Raza, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial education as a predicator of community college of Abqaiq students entrepreneurial intention.Management Science Letters,10(15), 3605-3612

Campos, F., Frese, M., Goldstein, M., Iacovone, L., Johnson, H. C., McKenzie, D., & Mensmann, M. (2017). Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa.Science,357(6357), 1287-1290

Ebrahimi, P., Ahmadi, M., Gholampour, A., & Alipour, H. (2021). CRM performance and development of media entrepreneurship in digital, social media and mobile commerce. International Journal of Emerging Markets,16(1), 25-50

Essel, B. K. C., Adams, F., & Amankwah, K. (2019). Effect of entrepreneur, firm, and institutional characteristics on small-scale firm performance in Ghana.Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,9, 1-20

Haseeb, M., Hussain, H. I., Slusarczyk, B., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Industry 4.0: A solution towards technology challenges of sustainable business performance.Social Sciences,8(5), 154

Hillary, R. (Ed.). (2017)Small and medium-sized enterprises and the environment: business imperatives Routledge

Jafari-Sadeghi, V., Kimiagari, S., & Biancone, P. P. (2020). Level of education and knowledge, foresight competency and international entrepreneurship: a study of human capital determinants in the European countries.European Business Review,32(1), 46-68

Khan, S. A. R., Razzaq, A., Yu, Z., & Miller, S. (2021). Industry 4.0 and circular economy practices: A new era business strategies for environmental sustainability.Business Strategy and the Environment,30(8), 4001-4014

Krizanova, A., Lazaroiu, G., Gajanova, L., Kliestikova, J., Nadanyiova, M., & Moravcikova, D. (2019). The effectiveness of marketing communication and importance of its evaluation in an online environment.Sustainability,11(24), 7016

Leonidou, L. C., Christodoulides, P., Kyrgidou, L. P., & Palihawadana, D. (2017). Internal drivers and performance consequences of small firm green business strategy: The moderating role of external forces.Journal of business ethics,140, 585-606

Martinez-Jimenez, R., Hernandez-Ortiz, M. J., & Cabrera Fernandez, A. I. (2020). Gender diversity influence on board effectiveness and business performance.Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,20(2), 307-323

McDonald, R. M., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2020). Parallel play: Start-ups, nascent markets and effective business-model design.Administrative Science Quarterly,65(2), 483-523

McKenzie, D. (2017). Identifying and spurring high-growth entrepreneurship: Experimental evidence from a business plan competition.American Economic Review,107(8), 2278-2307

Mller, J. M., Buliga, O., & Voigt, K. I. (2021). The role of absorptive capacity and innovation strategy in the design of industry 4.0 business Models-A comparison between SMEs and large enterprises.European Management Journal,39(3), 333-343

Olanrewaju, A. S. T., Hossain, M. A., Whiteside, N., & Mercieca, P. (2020). Social media and entrepreneurship research: A literature review.International Journal of Information Management,50, 90-110

Tambunan, T. (2019). Recent evidence of the development of micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia.Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,9(1), 18