BIOB111 Chemistry And Biochemistry Assignment

Task 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the major constituents of foods and serve as fuel molecules for the human body. The average adult requires approximately 8700 kilojoules per day to provide the energy needed to power the cellular processes that maintain the body. An untreated diabetic individual is dependent on the lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG) as the primary energy source, as these individuals are unable to bring glucose inside their cell to begin the carbohydrate metabolic pathways.

Outline the metabolic pathways and processes required to digest, absorb and metabolize lipid (triglyceride) in the untreated diabetic.

As a student of biochemistry use your knowledge to explain why an individual who is unable to metabolize glucose (untreated diabetic) will in time be unable to derive energy from lipid, and instead utilize ketone bodies as their primary energy source.

Part A.

Diabetes is a major public health problem, affecting more than 425 million people worldwide. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to her local hospital with excessive thirst, fatigue, confusion, high blood sugar and ketone levels. Explain using metabolic pathways involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of lipids, how the energy trapped in fatty acids within lipid diets is made usable in the form of ATP for cellular functions and the biosynthetic processes giving rise to the buildup of acids (ketones) in the bloodstream of the patient. (Word limit =900 words). Minimum 6 pathways.

Part B.

Explain why untreated diabetics produce such high levels of ketone bodies, which places them at risk of diabetic ketoacidosis by: I. Providing background information about what the disease(s) and condition(s) (relevant to the case) diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis II. Link the disease(s) and condition(s) (diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis) back to the metabolic pathways/processes identified in part A (Word limit = 600 words). * Key words include diabetes, untreated diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis

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