Clim1001 Phase 1 Group Article Summary
Clim1001 Phase 1 Group Article Summary
Group Members:
Kaan Temur z5492116
Jie Zhou z5461843
YanqingWang z5279751
Article Summarisation Seven Top Takeaways from IPCC's latest climate science assessment
Article Link: https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/seven-top-takeaways-from-the-ipcc-s-latest-climate-science-assessment-20210809-p58h16.html
With globalisation and digitalisation, there are many different factors that have affected the climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes regular reports on these factors and trends in climate change, with the aim of helping governments understand climate change. Peter Hannam, the reporter of Sydney Morning Herald, summarizes seven key points on the IPCCs latest report and makes some comments in the article.
Based on the previous reports, the following changes have been made. Firstly, the earth's mean temperature has become much warmer, both compared to the AR5 and the baseline temperatures of 1850-1900. Secondly, regional forecasts and attribution research also get improved. Based on improved resolution of climate models, the zones of Australia are carrying out alterations in their climate measures (Mechler et al., 2020). Despite this, the report's view of Australia's future climate change remains bleak. The likelihood, frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as fires are expected to continue to increase. The report shows the dramatic changes of climate and environment to increase the awareness of public and policymakers about ongoing environmental changes. These changes include a surge in carbon dioxide emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels and land reclamation (Robinson, 2020), and the rise of sea level, which is caused by heavier rainfall (Shukla et al., 2019). Moreover, AR6 will guide governments to continue to pursue the goal of keeping warming "between 1.5 degrees and well below 2 degrees" at the Glasgow summit to be held in November. However, take the lowest scenario wont get us to net-zero emissions in 2050. Therefore,this requires the adoption of more stringent emission reduction policies.
It is important to be able to take away the positives, negatives and areas to improve on from the article. In terms of positives, the AR6 determines from attribution theory that humans are responsible for climate change. Humans have emitted one trillion tons of carbon dioxide since 1990, which accounts for 41% of all estimated emissions since 1750. Meanwhile, global temperatures have been changing in one direction since the 1970s. The content of AR6 points out that the biosphere will not behave as it did during our carbon-plus experiments of past centuries, and that the land and oceans cannot continue to bear the excess emissions. This report informs and inspires the government and the public to take action.
While the report provides solid evidence and projections of emissions and its harmful effects on the environment, it would have been more impactful to briefly provide some examples of preventative measures that can be taken rather than simply expressing that changes must be made. Hannam could have stated examples why it is important to set up movement buildings and to grant national policy. While dealing with climate change, one needs to achieve effective action and protect the local communities and indigenous people. Such communities can act as detectors of the world by dealing with Land Management. This will lead to lower deforestation rates, and the governments can protect certain areas. Indigenous people can support land by over 80% and effectively deal with biodiversity and foresting. Giving examples such as this, emphasizes the need for individuals to act quickly and how they can make a change. In addition, urging the government to take action to create plans and to estimate the pulling over of carbon dioxide rates from the atmosphere is also necessary. It should be able to make procedures for reducing fossil fuel usage and invest more in renewable sources of energy (Borie et al. 2021). In this way, the report can provide people of all backgrounds to be held accountable when thinking about the negative impacts to the environment, and a direct course of action through examples as a preventative measure.
The national governments must understand the scope of commitment to reach net zero emissions. This is a direct way to switch to clean energy sources. Understanding how the climate can be protected and how the planet can be improved is important, which is clearly emphasized by Hannam's report. It is based upon human beings and the activities that can support the entire procedure. Several bodies have come up with ideas and extravagant strategies to ensure that an ample amount of knowledge and awareness is provided to individuals to ensure they can deal with the problems effectively. However, over time, with the advent of digitization and modernization, several industries are budding up. This can be a threat in the future, for which individuals need to learn about climate change and its harmful effects on the environment, precisely the point Hannam is trying to portray with his report.
References
Mechler, R., Singh, C., Ebi, K., Djalante, R., Thomas, A., James, R., Tschakert, P., Wewerinke-Singh, M., Schinko, T., Ley, D. and Nalau, J., 2020. Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy. Sustainability Science, 15, pp.1245-1251.
Robinson, S.A., 2020. Climate change adaptation in SIDS: A systematic review of the literature pre and post the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 11(4), p.e653.
Shukla, P.R., Skea, J., Calvo Buendia, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Prtner, H.O., Roberts, D.C., Zhai, P., Slade, R., Connors, S., Van Diemen, R. and Ferrat, M., 2019. IPCC, 2019: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
Borie, M., Mahony, M., Obermeister, N. and Hulme, M., 2021. Knowing like a global expert organization: Comparative insights from the IPCC and IPBES. Global Environmental Change, 68, p.102261.
References
Allan, R.P., Hawkins, E., Bellouin, N. and Collins, B., 2021. IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers.
Borie, M., Mahony, M., Obermeister, N. and Hulme, M., 2021. Knowing like a global expert organization: Comparative insights from the IPCC and IPBES. Global Environmental Change, 68, p.102261.
Cai, W., Ng, B., Wang, G., Santoso, A., Wu, L. and Yang, K., 2022. Increased ENSO sea surface temperature variability under four IPCC emission scenarios. Nature Climate Change, 12(3), pp.228-231.
Creutzig, F., Erb, K.H., Haberl, H., Hof, C., Hunsberger, C. and Roe, S., 2021. Considering sustainability thresholds for BECCS in IPCC and biodiversity assessments. Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, 13(4), pp.510-515.
Gutirrez, J.M., Jones, R.G. and Narisma, G.T., 2021. IPCC interactive Atlas. In Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. contribution of Working Group I to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press Cambridge.
IPCC, 2019. IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC Summary for Policymalers, pp.1-472.
Iturbide, M., Gutirrez, J.M., Alves, L.M., Bedia, J., Cimadevilla, E., Cofio, A.S., Cerezo-Mota, R., Di Luca, A., Faria, S.H., Gorodetskaya, I. and Hauser, M., 2020. An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: definition and aggregated datasets. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 2020, pp.1-16.
Mechler, R., Singh, C., Ebi, K., Djalante, R., Thomas, A., James, R., Tschakert, P., Wewerinke-Singh, M., Schinko, T., Ley, D. and Nalau, J., 2020. Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy. Sustainability Science, 15, pp.1245-1251.
Piao, S. and Wang, X., 2023. Biological systems under climate change: What do we learn from the IPCC AR6. Global Change Biology, 29(18), pp.5120-5121.
Prtner, H.O., Roberts, D.C., Poloczanska, E.S., Mintenbeck, K., Tignor, M., Alegra, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Lschke, S., Mller, V. and Okem, A., 2022. IPCC, 2022: Summary for policymakers.
Prtner, H.O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L. and Diamond, S., 2021. IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change. IPBES and IPCC, 10.
Prtner, H.O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L.W. and Diamond, S., 2021. Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change.
Robinson, S.A., 2020. Climate change adaptation in SIDS: A systematic review of the literature pre and post the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 11(4), p.e653.
Shukla, P.R., Skea, J., Calvo Buendia, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Prtner, H.O., Roberts, D.C., Zhai, P., Slade, R., Connors, S., Van Diemen, R. and Ferrat, M., 2019. IPCC, 2019: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
Draft
With globalisation and digitalisation, there are many different factors that have affected the climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) publishes regular reports on these factors and trends in climate change, with the aim of helping governments understand climate change. Peter Hannam, the reporter of Sydney Morning Herald, summarizes seven key points on the IPCCs latest report and makes some comments in the article.
Based on the previous reports, the following changes have been made. Firstly, the earth's mean temperature has become much warmer, both compared to the AR5 and the baseline temperatures of 1850-1900. Secondly, regional forecasts and attribution research also get improved. Based on improved resolution of climate models, the zones of Australia are carrying out alterations in their climate measures (Mechler et al., 2020). Despite this, the report's view of Australia's future climate change remains bleak. The likelihood, frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as fires are expected to continue to increase
The report shows the dramatic changes of climate and environment to increase the awareness of public and policymakers about ongoing environmental changes. These changes include a surge in carbon dioxide emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels and land reclamation (Robinson, 2020), and the rise of sea level, which is caused by heavier rainfall (Shukla et al., 2019).
At the Paris and 2015 Climate Summits, countries agreed to limit temperature increases to between 1.5 degrees and well below 2 degrees.
Based on reports, a clear understanding of the exploration of fossil pathways is essential. This will help to understand specific options such as ranges of emissions, the inclusion of methane gas, and the emission of nitrous oxide. Several companies worldwide are doing their best to deal with their supply chain management and to create 90 emissions to preserve climate neutrality by the end of the year 2015. It has been a target of several big companies like Morrison, Amazon, and Zara (Prtner et al., 2021).
Individuals should set up strategies in different industries to make sure that people can understand how much can be burnt. Every day, individuals drive their cars and do activities leading to carbon emissions. Some strategies should be brought for word as set up by the reports as this will help to deal with the threats of global warming. Professor Pitman who is the director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes. Based on his reviews, the planet is at a 50% risk of crashing down. He has set up reports where researchers should focus their claims resulting in where measures should be taken to deal with climate change. Professors like Pittman have suggested that the biosphere will not behave as it has been for the past few centuries due to the experimentation of excessive carbon dioxide emission (Prtner et al., 2022). This will give rise to land and ocean hits, as a result of which extra missions will take place.
IPCC has presented a wider scope to understand climate change's socio-economic, scientific, and technical aspects. Their goal is to expand the scope of conscience impacting the future of all living things. There are options through which one can reduce pollution on the planet and it has produced several special reports to understand the topic and ensure that methodological agendas are provided to set up greenhouse gas management guidelines. It has finalized the sixth assessment report by working on contributions related to synthesis reports (Prtner et al., 2021). The main activities of the body are assessment of the state, gaining knowledge about climate change, preparing reports, setting up assessment reports, dealing with methodology reports, setting up programs, holding meetings, convening plenary sessions, and training the government representatives. It also organizes the experts to provide training and to prepare the reports through workshops and meetings (Cai et al. 2022). The support programs have such that it can help to publish the different knowledge related to climate change programs and explain the outreach activity set up by the body. The beauty is hosted by several other organizations at different conferences.
The climate change impact and its assessment can be identified over the significant measures based upon impacts. Most of the evaluations are corporate so that the current knowledge and scientific aspects can be put together in order to focus on specific areas. This includes an analysis of resources, landscapes, economic sectors, regions, and future measures of the planet. There are scopes for vulnerability assessments, which can also help impact the system and determine the ability and sensitivity in the long run. It is a place where understanding assessment reviews can be done more clearly (Iturbide et al. 2020). This assessment can help to cope with the different effects of climate change, including variability and extremism related to climate. Assessment of the factors mainly affects the resources based on time and relevance. The information accessible can help the policymakers to understand the quantifiable factors that can affect it in the future and this piece of information is a part of the planning procedure and management that can help determine the course of action and ensure that additional dimensions are created to introduce natural resource assessments. Vulnerability is something that is a part of functioning related to adaptive capacity which involves thresholds, species, dependency, interaction, distributions, and knowledge about particular organisms for the environmental sectors (Piao and Wang, 2023).
Adaptive capacity may lead to understanding landscape permeability, plasticity, and ability to deal with evolutionary potentials. The scope is something that evaluates the resources on a worldwide basis and brings about more details about the time commitment that is involved in climate change. It is important to identify the management of questions in the long run, doubling about determination for making management decisions. The assessments can be done by scientists, managers, scholars, comprehensive groups, stakeholders, partners, and agencies. It is important to build up teams. I took disciplinary measures to set up relevance for the scope of assessing climatic changes (Allan et al. 2021). The vulnerability assessment does not have a specific endpoint, but It is a source of important information regarding decision-making and planning.
The United Nations has formulated the group and helped monitor and access climate change measures in different parts of the world. The reports have primarily focused on climate change and the different aspects leading to it. It has created synthetic reports to make sure that the latest science related to climate change that individuals are facing city can be posed in a definite way. Over the years, pollution has increased, and their mission of greenhouse gases due to fetch the temperature is rising and the planet is threatened. The body has introduced promising developments through technologies where carbon emissions can be limited. It has committed to the reduction of commissions and to help out individuals to deal with the effects of climate change. However, the phases take time to achieve. The temperature is rising above the pre-industrial levels and will likely worsen in the future (Borie et al., 2021). It has created adaptation efforts to make sure that vulnerable communities are protected, and irreversible changes are dealt with worldwide. This can come out to be catastrophic for the people as well as the wildlife who are dependent on them.
We can help deal with palmate change by managing our lifestyle and ensuring that the restoration of lands takes place at any cost. The planet's rising temperature can lead to global challenges for which global solutions will be required. It is important to set up movement buildings and to grant national policy. While dealing with climate change, one needs to achieve effective action and protect the local communities and indigenous people. Such communities can act as detectors of the world by dealing with Land Management. This will lead to lower deforestation rates, and the governments can protect certain areas. Indigenous people can support land by over 80% and effectively deal with biodiversity and foresting. It is still for the government to take action to create plans and to estimate the pulling over of carbon dioxide rates from the atmosphere. It should be able to make procedures for reducing fossil fuel usage and invest more (Borie et al. 2021). According to estimations, it requires more than 400 billion U.S. dollars to make agricultural changes and to deal with forestry.
The national governments must understand the scope of commitment to reach net zero emissions. This is a direct way to switch to clean energy sources. Understanding how the climate can be protected and how the planet can be improved is important. It is based upon human beings and the activities that can support the entire procedure. Several bodies have come up with ideas and extravagant strategies to ensure that an ample amount of knowledge and awareness is provided to individuals to ensure they can deal with the problems effectively. However, over time, with the advent of digitization and modernization, several industries are budding up. This can be a threat in the future, for which individuals need to learn about climate change and its harmful effects on the environment. Carbon markets can play a very important role in this case. They can offer ways to help businesses and other polluters purchase certain offsets to ensure avoidable emissions are dealt with properly (IPCC, 2019). It is a pay for dealing with natural lands and ensuring proper restoration and funding can be done for recovery.
