Common Queries on Assignment

Common Queries on Assignment

General:What are the relevant lecture topics covered in the final assessment?This assessment focuses on the relationship between variables. Thus, the relevant lecture topics are: the 2nd half of Topic 9, Topic 10 and Topic 11. You also need skills you learned in Topic 1.

Before starting with the Excel:

There are two worksheets (public and private) in the dataset, you need to first create a dummy variable for public (1) and private (0) in the new column and combine these two worksheets into a new worksheet;There are three categorical variables (gender, degree, married) in the dataset, you need to create dummy variables "0" and "1" for each of the variable. Please view the video for how to create dummy variable below:

Do I need to format a number on Excel that appears in exponential notation?You dont have to, but you are more likely to interpret the exponential notation correctly if you convert it to a number.To convert an exponential notation to a number: Select the cell with the numbers and right-click on them and click Format Cells Go to the Number tab and click ok.For example,2.00E+05 =210^5=2000002.00E-05 =210^(-5)= 0.00002 ~ 0

Do I need to remove outliers from the dataset?

No, you will not remove outliers.

How do I read t-value from Table E.3/E.4 if the degree of freedom (df) is larger than 120?For any df>120, read t-values from the last row eg .

<< Title of Report in Initial Capital Letters >>

Arial (18 points, Boldface)

Executive Summary

Here you present a one-paragraph succinct summary of the report. This summary should stand alone (no reference to figures or tables in the text) and should provide a clear overview of the essential information in the report: aim of the analysis, methodology used, and one or two key findings and recommendations.

Introduction

In the Introduction, make sure that you orient the audience (here, the Taskforce) with sufficient background to understand what the problem is and why the problem is important (engage with audience). You also provide: a background of the issue being investigated (could refer to media/newspaper articles, journal articles etc; make sure you cite them properly), the aim(s) of the analysis, a description of research methods, and some highlights of the findings.

Analysis

Here you will answer the questions in the order they have been asked. Label the answers for clarity.

Conclusions

This section summarizes the document and provides closure. The difference between this summary and the executive summary is that the summary in the Conclusion for someone who has read the report. You will again briefly state the objective of the analysis and the methods used and provide some highlights of your main findings.

References

Need to provide a list of references if you have cited any article/website.

Other notes: a professional report also needs

Page numbering

Informative headings and sub-headings

Numbered answers

Labelled graphs and tables

Nice overall formatting and presentation/consistent font/no over- or under-sized figures/tables

BUSINESS STATISTICS

Assessment 3: Individual Assignment

Instructions:

This is an individual assignment with a total of 40 marks. The allocation of marks is as follows:

Statistical Analysis with Excel File: 32

Professional Report: 8

Total: 40

Report Structure

The response must be provided in the form of a professional report with no more than 10 pages (excluding the cover page).

The structure of your professional report must include:

A Title,

An Executive Summary,

An Introduction,

Analysis, and

Conclusions.

Submission

You must submit an electronic copy of your assignment on Canvas. See the attached Template of your submission for more details.

Excel Work

This assignment requires the use of Microsoft Excel. Using Data Analysis Tool-Pack will assist tremendously in getting through the assignment requirements.

You need to submit the Excel file along with your report. The excel file needs to be clear and carefully organized and must show all workings underlying the Professional report and associated statistical analysis. It will be treated as an appendix to your report, i.e., not included in the page count.

DO NOT leave references to the excel workbook within the Professional report as responses to the questions. You will need to take relevant results from your Excel workbook and incorporate them into your report. The report needs to be standalone.

Presentation Instructions:

Your written professional report should comply with the following presentation standards:

Typed using a standard professional font type (e.g. Times Roman), 12-point font size.

1.5-line spacing, numbered pages, and clear use of titles and section headings.

Delivered as a Word (.doc or .docx) or PDF (.pdf) file.

Checked for spelling, typographical and grammatical errors. Where relevant, round to 3 decimal places.

With all relevant tables and charts, the report should be no more than 10 pages long.

Problem Description:

This is a further analysis of the public-private pay gap for individuals with similar productive characteristics in the Australian population. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahuteau</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mahuteau<style face="italic"> et al.</style> 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dtv9f5vaadavs8ewfdqp0seevpr5dza2xr2r" timestamp="1662324625">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahuteau, Stphane</author><author>Mavromaras, Kostas</author><author>Richardson, Sue</author><author>Zhu, Rong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Publicprivate sector wage differentials in Australia</title><secondary-title>Economic Record</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Economic Record</full-title></periodical><pages>105-121</pages><volume>93</volume><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0013-0249</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>Mahuteau et al. (2017) report that (1) on average public sector workers earn about 5.1% more hourly wages than those in the private sector and (2) that this wage premium (comparatively higher wages in public sector) is slightly higher for females than males. Systematic remuneration differences for employees with similar productive capabilities potentially has both efficiency and equity consequences.

In order to estimate the extent of discrimination in the job market where public servants with the identical labour market characteristics as their private counterparts receive different wages, you will estimate a set of linear regression models.

Since this is an additional analysis on the public-private pay gap, the content in the Introduction section of your report may overlap with the one in the Group Assignment submitted earlier. However, you are encouraged to develop/source new background materials.

You will use the same dataset as in Assignment 2. The data are drawn from the 2019 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The sample used for analysis comprises 219 full-time Australian workers in the age group 21-65.

The dataset values can be interpreted and be used to create appropriate variables as follows:

Workers Wages: the variable wage records hourly earnings in AU dollars of full-time workers [note the unit of measurement]

Sector: Public and private sector identification data can be converted into a dummy variable named as public, with 1 representing public employee else 0 for private employee.

Gender: using the gender identification data, create a dummy variable male that identifies male employee as 1 and female as 0.

Educational attainment: the dummy variable degree = Yes (1) if the individual has a bachelors degree or higher qualification, and = No (0) for lower than degree qualifications.

Age: is the numerical data type reflecting the age of an employee.

Marital Status: the dummy variable married = Yes (1) if the individual is married and No (0), otherwise.

Locate the data file (IndividualBusStats.xls) on CANVAS.

REQUIREMENT:

Before estimating the regression equation, conduct an overall preliminary analysis of the relationship between workers wages and

sector,

gender,

educational attainment,

age and

marital status.

Use tables and/or appropriate graphs for the categorical variables (male, public, degree, married) and the numerical variable (age).

Interpret your findings by comparing the earnings of the counterparts based on each of these dummy variables and also explain the kind of relationship you observe between workers earnings and age?

(5 marks)

Use a simple linear regression to estimate the relationship between workers earnings and the variable public (Model A). You may use the Data Analysis Tool Pack. Based on the Excel regression output:

Write down the estimated regression equation,

Carry out any relevant two-tailed hypothesis test of the slope coefficient using the critical value approach, at the 5% significance level, showing the step-by-step workings/diagram in your report.

Interpret your hypothesis test results.

(3 marks)

Use the following multiple regression model to explore the relationship of workers earnings with variables related to sector, gender, educational attainment, age and marital status

Model B: Wages=0+1public+2male+ Model C: Wages=0+1public+2male+3age+ Model D: Wages=0+1public+2male+3age+3education+ Model E: Wages=0+1public+2male+3age+4education+5married+Based on the Excel regression outputs, select the best model and explain why it is the best.

Write down the estimated equation for the best model and interpret the slope coefficients,

Based on the best model, carry out any relevant two-tailed hypothesis tests for each individual slope coefficient using the p-value approach, at the 5% significance level.

Carry out an overall significance test using the p-value approach.

Carefully interpret your hypothesis test results in c) and d).

Are your regression findings with regards to public-private wage gap broadly consistent with those reported in the study of ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahuteau</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mahuteau et al. 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dtv9f5vaadavs8ewfdqp0seevpr5dza2xr2r" timestamp="1662324625">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahuteau, Stphane</author><author>Mavromaras, Kostas</author><author>Richardson, Sue</author><author>Zhu, Rong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Publicprivate sector wage differentials in Australia</title><secondary-title>Economic Record</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Economic Record</full-title></periodical><pages>105-121</pages><volume>93</volume><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0013-0249</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>Mahuteau et al. (2017)?

(9 marks)

Compare the coefficients of public variable in Model A and Model E. Explain carefully why the results are different, relating your discussion to sector wage discrimination.

(4 marks)

Based on the Model E, predict the earnings of a 40-year-old male, university qualified and married public worker. Next, predict the earnings of a female worker with the same characteristics.

(2.5 marks)

Based on the result in Question 5, how will your result in Question 5 change if the male/female worker is 50 years old? Explain without any calculation.

(2.5 marks)

Another conclusion from ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahuteau</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mahuteau et al. 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dtv9f5vaadavs8ewfdqp0seevpr5dza2xr2r" timestamp="1662324625">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahuteau, Stphane</author><author>Mavromaras, Kostas</author><author>Richardson, Sue</author><author>Zhu, Rong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Publicprivate sector wage differentials in Australia</title><secondary-title>Economic Record</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Economic Record</full-title></periodical><pages>105-121</pages><volume>93</volume><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0013-0249</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>Mahuteau et al. (2017) is that the wage premium (comparatively higher wages) for the workers in the public sector is slightly higher for females than males. Conduct appropriate regression analyses to examine whether your findings based on 2019 data are broadly consistent with those reported in the study.

(4 marks)

If you could request additional data to study the factors that influence workers earnings, what extra variables would you request? Discuss two such variables, explaining why you choose them and how each of your proposed variables could be measured in the regression model. [You could draw evidence from journal articles, newspapers, etc]

(2 marks)

(5 + 3 + 9 + 4 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 4 + 2 = 32 marks)

(Professional report = 8 marks)

Reference:

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Mahuteau, S, Mavromaras, K, Richardson, S & Zhu, R 2017, 'Publicprivate sector wage differentials in Australia', Economic Record, vol. 93, pp. 105-121.