End-of-Module Assessment (EMA) for W230: Public Child Law and International Parental Child Abduction

End-of-module assessment

This end-of-module assessment (EMA) is the examinable component of W230.

The cut-off date for the EMA is 12:00 midday (UK local time) on20 June 2024. This is the latest date by which your EMA must reach your tutor. You must submit it using the online TMA/EMA service.

The EMA is worth 40% of your Overall Score. For information on the weighting of assessments in W230, see Section 3.2 of the Module Guide. For information on the different types of assessment, see Section 5 of the Law undergraduate guide (LUG).

The EMA consists of two questions:

• Question 1 is a problem-style question (requiring you to use the IRAC method).
• Question 2 is an essay question.

You are expected to answer both questions in this EMA. Your answers should be written in your own words.

This EMA is designed to test your knowledge and understanding of material contained in Units 7 and 9. You may also revisit earlier units. For further guidance, see the Advice section.

The total word limit for this EMA is 3500 words. All the words you use to answer the questions, including quotations and in-text citations, are included in your word count. However, footnotes used in accordance with Section 8 of the LUG are not included in the word count.

Word count division

It is up to you how you apportion the words across your answers to Questions 1 and 2.

A suggested division is contained in Table 1, but this is purely and is not obligatory.

You must include an accurate word count at the end of your EMA. Any words used that exceed the overall word count for this assessment will not be marked.

You must provide one reference list at the end of your EMA, rather than separate ones for each question. The reference list is not included in the word count.

Before beginning work on this EMA, it is important that you:

1. Reflect upon the feedback received from your tutor on TMA 01 and TMA 02.
2. Take careful note of the EMAs learning outcomes. Your answers will be assessed against all of these and how well you have met them.
3. Read the Advice section carefully.

Learning outcomes

The EMA assesses the following learning outcomes.

Knowledge and understanding

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of public child law
• Apply legal principles and authorities in order to reach reasoned conclusions to a factual scenario
• Explain aspects of the law relating to international parental child abduction
• Assess whether and how well family autonomy and state intervention are balanced in public child law proceedings
• Recognise and deal with uncertainty in the law

Skills

• Communicate clearly and concisely
• Demonstrate an ability to use legal databases to incorporate primary and/or secondary sources
• Use appropriate referencing throughout to support your answers
• Identify, retrieve and evaluate legal information from a range of sources

Question 1

Question 1 is a problem-style question that arises from a legal practice scenario.It is worth 50 marks and requires that you use the IRAC method in response.

Background for Question 1

You are now a fully qualified solicitor and continue to work at V.S. Law in the family law department, alongside Veena Sharma who was recently appointed to the specialist panel ICACU dealing with international child abduction. You have just started to work on these cases with Veena.

Meeting with Veronique Adjani who brought with her court papers requiring her attendance at a hearing due to take place next week in the High Court. She was very upset and explained that this was something to do with Hague and child abduction.

Until last month, Veronique lived in Croatia with Tomas her husband of five years. Their child Luiz now aged six years old was born in Croatia where he has lived all his life. Luiz has additional physical needs, including problems with balance. Ten months ago, Veronique and Tomas agreed that their relationship had come to an end, Veronique moved out with Luiz to a nearby flat, and an arrangement for Tomas to have regular contact with Luiz both face to face and by telephone was recorded, by agreement in the family court of Croatia.

Veronique explained that whilst in the relationship with Tomas, she suffered with depression and anxiety and following their separation, Veroniques mental health improved. About six months ago, she formed a sexual relationship with a British female colleague from work, Jo. Luiz carried on attending the same school to maintain stability and Veronique and Jo moved in together as a couple.

Tomas was angry as he does not agree with same sex relationships. Together with his family, he mounted a campaign of harassment against Veronique and Jo. Veronique explained she felt persecuted for her sexuality. Things became very difficult, and on one occasion, late one night, Luiz witnessed Tomass sister painted her front door with an abusive name in red paint. Luiz has a good relationship with Jo and stopped going to see Tomas for contact as he didnt like the comments that Tomas made about his Mum. At school he had a best friend, but a small group of boys have been teasing him and calling him names, he became reluctant to go to school.

More recently prior to Veronique and Jos recent arrival with Luiz to England, Tomas drove behind them threatening to run them off the road. The police were called but no action was taken. Last month, Veronique and Jo decided that they could no longer cope with the ongoing harassment and bought last minute cheap air tickets and flew to London with Luiz without letting Tomas know as they were scared, he would try to stop them. They are now staying with Jos relatives who has a large house. Luiz has his own bedroom.

Luiz has started attending the local school and is doing well. He already speaks English well, having practised with Jo. He has said very clearly that he loves life here and does not want to return to Croatia as his school is great, he has just been selected for the school football team, despite his balance problems which in the past made him reluctant to be involved in sport. Veronique said she tried to get him to call Tomas and speak to him, but he has refused, he is saying that he wants to forget all about Croatia now and get on with his life. Veronique indicates that if she is forced to go back to Croatia her mental health will be affected by the anxiety and stress.

It looks from the papers that the application has been made by Tomas under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction 1980 (1980 Hague Convention) for the return of Luiz by Veronique to Croatia.

Question 1

Explain whether the High Court is likely to grant such an order? Prior to reaching your conclusion consider whether the legal options contained in Unit 9 Section 15 to resist the making of such an order may apply to the facts? (50 marks)

Question 2

Question 2 is an essay question. It is worth 50 marks.

The stakes are high in public child law proceedings where draconian outcomes may arise.

Assess with use of legal sources whether and how there is a balance struck between the autonomy of family life and the protection of children in public child law proceedings. (50 marks)

Advice

This EMA requires study of Units 7 and 9.

The following pages set out the advice on how to approach this EMA. Ensure you read the advice on both questions.

Question 1

Question 1 focuses on Unit 9. You are not required to consider any aspect of criminal law or criminal proceedings.

You are not expected to consider any remedies for domestic abuse that may be ordered by the High Court and the answers should instead focus upon the 1980 Convention. Please note you are not expected to discuss any aspect of Croatian family law in your answers.

You should refer to the information in Section 14 of Unit 9 and consider the exceptions contained in Unit 9 Section 15. Often more than one of the exceptions are relevant. Try to briefly incorporate into your answer which are irrelevant, explaining why. Having decided which are relevant, apply to the facts, reaching your mini conclusions along the way before arriving at your overall conclusion.

Make sure you use the IRAC method, and you must write in an appropriate academic style. All of your answer should be in the third person, and you should reach conclusions having identified and explained the law and applied it to the facts of the questions. Where information is uncertain or missing, you need to still identify and explain this, but still progress your arguments in order to reach logical conclusions.

It is essential that legal authorities are used to support your answers and that they are applied to the facts with correct referencing. For guidance on referencing, seeSection 8of the LUG.

Question 2

Question 2 has a focus on Unit 7 public child law. It requires you to assess the strength of the statement that has been presented to you. This is described in Section 6.2 of the LUG determine the value of, weigh up and there is a reference then to evaluate which is described as make an appraisal of the worth or validity or effectiveness of something in light of its truth or usefulness.

In planning your answer, unpack the statement to identify the issues contained within it. If you have difficulty identifying the issues, you will need to revisit Unit 7. You need to public child law as well as assess the issue raised by use of legal sources. You should not write a general discussion of these issues without referring to legal authorities, or primary sources of law.

In your discussion you may also incorporate secondary sources, properly referenced where these are synthesised and add value to your essay.

It is necessary to explore more than one side of an issue. In this example, you are required to discuss the implications from the evidence that you present and reach a conclusion that addresses the questions statement.

Your answer must be written in the third person and you should build your discussion around evidence that you select.

Reflect upon the feedback you have received for TMA 02. Question 2 of this EMA builds on Question 2 of TMA 02 (the research exercise). That is, you are expected to apply your digital skills in order to use a legal database (such as Westlaw UK or Lexis Library) to find and provide examples of a range of relevant primary and secondary sources. Your tutor must be able to locate these sources by your accurate use of referencing.

For guidance on carrying out research, see the Advice section of TMA 02.

For guidance on writing answers to essay questions, see Section 6.1.3 of the LUG.

Application of the assessment scale to this EMA

85-100%

An answer in this band will show excellent knowledge and understanding of the law concerning international parental child abduction relevant to the factual scenario for Question 1. Uncertainty/ judicial discretion will be addressed and incorporated, and an overall conclusion reached, arrived at in a reasoned manner. The writing style will be fluent and clear with an effective IRAC structure and use of authorities that are references appropriately.

The answer to Question 2 requires excellent knowledge and understanding of public child law in family court proceedings and consider whether and how the balance is struck between ensuring family autonomy and the protection of children. It will include a consideration of Article 8 of the ECHR

There will be a logical, balanced and convincing argument with legal authorities appropriately referenced. The writing style will be clear with an effective introduction, main body and conclusion. There may be minor errors.

70-84%

An answer in this band will show very good knowledge and understanding of the law concerning international parental child abduction relevant to the factual scenario for Question 1. Uncertainty/ judicial discretion will be addressed and incorporated, and an overall conclusion reached, arrived at in a reasoned manner. The writing style will in the main be fluent and clear with an effective IRAC structure and use of authorities that are referenced appropriately.

The answer to Question 2 requires very good knowledge and understanding of public child law in family court proceedings and consider whether and how the balance is struck between ensuring family autonomy and the protection of children. It will include a consideration of Article 8 of the ECHR

There will be a convincing argument, that is logically reasoned with some balance provided. Legal authorities will be appropriately referenced. The writing style will be clear with an effective introduction, main body and conclusion. There may be minor errors.

55-69%

An answer in this band will some knowledge and understanding of the law concerning international parental child abduction but there will be gaps and flaws in tackling the factual scenario for Question 1 and in the application of the knowledge. Uncertainty/ judicial discretion will be recognised but treatment of this on the facts may be superficial. An overall conclusion reached, arrived at in a reasoned manner The writing style will in the main be fluent and clear with an effective IRAC structure and use of authorities that are referenced appropriately.

The answer to Question 2 will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of public child law in family court proceedings and begin to address whether the balance is struck between ensuring family autonomy and the protection of children. It will include a consideration of Article 8 of the ECHR.

The answer may lack detailed reasoning and evidence however the legal authorities that are used will be referenced appropriately referenced. The writing style will be clear with an effective introduction, main body and conclusion. There will be misunderstanding of the law at some point in the answer, yet overall, there will be satisfactory knowledge and understanding displayed.

40-54%

An answer in this band will show some basic knowledge and understanding of the law concerning international parental child abduction relevant to the factual scenario for Question 1. There will be limited explanation and some significant difficulties in application to the facts. There will be a general rather than a precise approach taken, yet a conclusion will still be reached. The writing style will at times lack clarity and an effective IRAC structure may not be employed.

The answer to Question 2 will show basic knowledge and understanding of public child law in family court proceedings but the answer will lay out information in a descriptive way without building in assessment of the questions statement by way of evaluation. Some relevant evidence will be used, but this will lack commentary that adds value to the argument. An appropriate essay structure may be absent.

30-39%

An answer in this band will include some relevant content in answer to Question 1, but knowledge and understanding of international parental child abduction law will be vague and general and there will also be misunderstandings of the law or focus of the question. An overall conclusion may still be reached but the misunderstandings of the law and application may make this limited, illogical or incomplete. Largely one sided, alternative view, or uncertainty will not be factored. Evidence may be lacking and referencing largely inaccurate/incomplete.

The answer to Question 2 will show limited knowledge or understanding of public child law in family court proceedings and will contained some attempt to assess the value of the statement provided, but this will be limited by the lack of knowledge and therefore be limited and incomplete. The answer may not be set out with the appropriate essay structure required. The answer overall may well be under the word length as the issues have not been addressed or explored.

15-29%

An answer in this band will show a very rudimentary grasp of international parental child abduction law in Question 1 it will not define or explain terms and the writing style will be very poor. Content that is provided may not have relevance to the issues at hand.

For the essay in Question 2 it may also show some basic knowledge and understanding of public child law, but the issues that reside in the question will not be understood. There will be no attempt at in text referencing. Content may have some relevance, but the writer will be unable to link this to the requirements of the question. Legal sources of evidence will be scant and where provided, there will be no referencing will be absent. Once again, the answer will possibly also have a limited word count.

1-14%

There will be little or no attempt to address the questions, either 1 or 2.

The cut-off date for TMA 02 is 12:00 midday (UK local time) on 25 April 2024. This is the latest date by which your TMA must reach your tutor. You must submit your TMA using the online TMA/EMA service. This TMA is designed to test your knowledge of Units 5 and 6.

TMA 02 is worth 30% of your Overall Score. For information on the weighting of assessments in W230, see Section 3.2 of the Module Guide. For information on the different types of assessment, see Section 5 of the LUG.

TMA 02 consists of two questions.

You are expected to answer all questions in this TMA. Your answers should be written in your own words.The total word limit for TMA 02 is 1500 words. All the words you use to answer the questions, including quotations and in-text citations, are included in your word count. You must include an accurate word count at the end of your answer.

Word count division

We suggest that you answer the questions using approximately the number of words shown in the table below:

Where a question has more than one part, marks are equally divided between the parts unless otherwise stated. Any words used that exceed the overall word count for this TMA will not be marked or commented on.

You must provide a reference list and a word count. The reference list is not included in the word count. The Advice section contains information on how to approach this assessment. You should read these notes carefully before beginning work on this TMA. There are two parts to the advice section; general advice and question advice.

TMA 02 assesses the following outcomes.

Knowledge and understanding

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the private law aspects of the Children Act 1989
• Evaluate information and reach a reasoned conclusion

Practical/professional skills

• Identify relevant information
• Communicate clear, relevant and accurate legal information in language appropriate to the intended audience
• Acknowledge sources of information used by referencing appropriately
• Conduct independent legal research

Questions

The following pages set out the questions for this assignment.

You must ensure that you have read the learning outcomes and the guidance given for these questions before starting work on your assignment.

Question 1

Question 1 is an essay question that arises from a legal practice scenario. It is worth 80 marks for this TMA.

Legal practice scenario

You have continued your work in the family law department at V.S. Law, under the supervision of Veena Sharma.

Veena is good friends with the local Member of Parliament (MP) who was a commercial law solicitor at V.S. Law before he was elected to parliament in 2019. The MP holds regular advice surgeries in the constituency and frequently receives questions from constituents who are dealing with disputes concerning child arrangements in the family court. People also often complain that they think the discretion given to judges in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989 leads to unfair and inconsistent decisions. The MPs knowledge of family law is patchy and it would really help him to have a brief summary of how the courts approach these matters. Veena is keen to support the MPs efforts to help constituents and has offered to prepare a summary document for him. This is where you come in. Write a document in the form of an essay which address the following question:

Explain how judges balance certainty and discretion in the process of reaching decisions in private child law disputes under Section 1 of the Children Act 1989.

Question 2

Question 2 is a research question. It is worth 20 marks.

Identify an area that has interested you in your study of Unit 6 on medical treatment and childrens rights. Using the OU Library, access one of the legal databases and carry out a search in this area to find either a reported case or journal article that is not included in this unit.

In your answer to this question:

• Make clear which legal database and key search terms you used.
• Provide a full reference to the reported case or journal article you found, including a link (URL) and the date you accessed this.
• Using your remaining word count, explain what this case if you found a case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or, summarise the central point of this article if you found an article. You should also state why this case or article was of interest to you.
• See the Advice section for guidance and links to resources for carrying out independent research.

Advice

General advice

The LUG contains definitions of words used in TMA questions. It also gives advice regarding in-text citations and the reference list that you must produce and include at the end of your work. You should read this guide before attempting TMA 02. Please note that Section 7.3 of the LUG tells you how your TMAs need to be presented and Section 12 of the LUG details the marking scale, against which your work will be assessed.

You should write in your own words, although note the qualified exception to this explained in the advice for Question 1. Advice on writing in your own words and how to avoid plagiarism is given in Section 16 of the Guide.

• You should answer both questions.
• You should answer each question separately.
• Read the questions carefully. Ensure that your answers address each question concisely and clearly.
• You should use a heading to identify each question.
• You do not need to start a new page for each question.
• All of your answers should be written in standard English in full sentences and paragraphs. They should not include any sort of list.
• In your answer to Question 1, you should not write in the first or second person (e.g. I, we, my, our, you or your); instead you should use phrases such as A person is or This document will .Your answer to Question 2 is about your research and so should be written in the first person using I or my.
• You should check your TMA carefully before submission, ensuring that you correct any spelling or grammar mistakes.

Finally, when your marked TMA is returned, you should reflect on your tutor's comments and make notes on anything you want to do differently for the EMA.

Question 1

Question 1 is an essay question that arises from a legal practice scenario. For guidance on writing answers to essay questions, see Section 6.1.3 of the LUG.

First, you need to unpack the meaning of the question and plan you answer. Your answer should use the knowledge you have gained from Unit 5. The aim of the document is to show how the welfare principle and checklist, and other principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989, might be applied by judges to reach a decision where parents cannot agree. You should not write an essay just describing the law. You should explain the law and how it might be applied. You should emphasise that discretion plays a major role in how judges approach these matters. You may also cover the courts powers to make orders under s 8 CA 1989 to illustrate your discussion of s 1 CA 1989.

Your answer to the question needs to be accessible to the MP, who is legally qualified but not a family law specialist, and be mindful that the MP will use your answer to inform his advice to some of his constituents. Therefore, it should be written in a clear, concise and appropriate academic style. It must be legally accurate and written in the third person. Legal referencing should be used correctly throughout in accordance with Section 8 of the LUG.

When planning your answer, look back at the feedback provided by your tutor in response to Question 2 of TMA 01. In particular, review their feedback on how authorities may be used to support arguments or counter arguments.

You may use ChatGPT or other Generative AI services to assist you in this task but you must ensure that you check its output for accuracy you are responsible for any errors in your work. If you use Generative AI services, you must also ensure that this is stated in a footnote including which service(s) you used. You should consult the detailed guidance on using Generative AI in your studies here.

Question 2

Question 2 requires you to carry out independent research using the OU Library.

First, identify an aspect of the law contained in Unit 6 that interests you. Think of a keyword or words you would use to describe it. Then, enter these words in a legal database to find either a reported case or journal article that has not already been included in the module materials.

In order to check if a case or journal article has been included in Unit 6 of the module, you will need to search for the case or journal article in the unit.

To search for a case or journal article in Unit 6:

• Click on Unit 6 Medical treatment and childrens rights in the study planner.
• Use the search box on the right-hand side of the band at the top of the Unit 6 web page. It contains the text Search this document.
• Type in your search term (i.e. the case or journal article that you have found) and press Return.
• You will be taken to a page where your search results are displayed.

Your answer to this question should include a full reference to the case or journal article you find, as well as a link to that source and the date that you accessed it. You should detail the legal database that you used and the keywords that you entered in the database search. You are also required to explain what this case if you found a case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or, summarise the central point of this article if you found an article. You should also state why this case or article was of interest to you.

You will recall in Activity 6 of Unit 5 that you searched a legal database for a family law case. You were given guidance on how to do this on the Library resources page. In that activity, you searched for a specific case by using the citation, whereas in this TMA question, you are searching for the keywords that you have identified.

You may have been introduced to research skills in earlier studies. However, if you are new to the skill of research, you may find the following links useful:

• For a general guide to digital skills for study, see the website Digital skills for study.

• For specific guidance on legal research, see:
  • Law toolkit: legal research
  • Introduction to using legal databases.
• For guidance on effective database searching, see Identifying keywords.
• For access to resources, see Library resources.

Application of assessment guidance to this TMA

The categories below provide information for how the knowledge and skills in this TMA will be evaluated when marking your work, based on the general marking guidelines in Section 12 of the LUG.

85-100%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will show an excellent understanding of how the welfare principle and checklist, and other principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989, might be applied by judges to reach a decision where parents cannot agree. It will make appropriate reference to relevant study materials to make an effective analysis of the law and its application, particularly how judges balance certainty and discretion in such cases. There may be minor errors. The writing style will be fluent and clear, with an effective introduction, main body and conclusion provided. It will be written at an appropriate level for an educated, but non-specialist, audience. Almost all sources will be accurately referenced in-text and in the reference list.

For Question 2, the answer will have carefully followed the instructions, identified the area of interest, clearly stated the legal database used and the key search terms that you used. It will not be included already in the unit content. The full reference to either the reported case or journal article will be included, the link to it and the date that they accessed it.

It will succinctly explain what this case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or accurately summarise the central point of this article, and why this case or article was of interest to you.

70-84%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will show a good understanding of how the welfare principle and checklist, and other principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989, might be applied by judges to reach a decision where parents cannot agree. It will make some appropriate reference to relevant study materials to make a reasonable analysis of the law and its application, particularly how judges balance certainty and discretion in such cases. There may be some gaps and/or errors.

The writing style will be fairly clear, with essay style and structure generally observed. Most sources will be fairly accurately referenced in-text and in the reference list. It will be written at a reasonably appropriate level for an educated, but non-specialist, audience.

For Question 2, the answer will again carefully follow the instructions and identified an area of interest, the legal database used as well as the key search terms used. Once again it will not already be included in the unit content.

There will be a reference provided, but perhaps no link or date of access. The explanation of what the case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or the summary of the central point of this article, and why this case or article was of interest to you will not be as clear, or succinct, as in the higher band.

55-69%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will show a satisfactory understanding of how the welfare principle and checklist, and other principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989, might be applied by judges to reach a decision where parents cannot agree. It will make some appropriate reference to relevant study materials to make a reasonable analysis of the law and its application, particularly how judges balance certainty and discretion in such cases, but these may be somewhat superficial and lacking in detailed reasoning and evidence. There may be some flaws or gaps.

The writing style may be unclear and essay style and structure may not be well applied. Referencing is unlikely to be accurate or comprehensive. It will be written for an educated, but non-specialist, audience to some extent, but the writing style may be inconsistent.

For Question 2, the answer will identify an area of interest, the legal database and the key search terms used. Although the full reference to the reported case or journal article will be included, the link to it or date of access will be missing. The explanation of what the case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or the summary of the central point of this article, and why this case or article was of interest to you may be only partly covered or lacking clarity or accuracy.

40-54%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will show a basic understanding of, and may provide a brief and limited explanation of, how the welfare principle and checklist, and other principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989, might be applied by judges to reach a decision where parents cannot agree. The answer is likely to make some reference to relevant materials but use of these will be basic and may contain inaccuracies. There may be significant gaps and errors, and arguments are likely to be brief and not well reasoned and supported by evidence.

The writing style will be basic and not always clear and consistent. There will usually be an attempt at referencing, but this will be flawed and inaccurate. Essay style may not be correctly employed and the writing is likely to lack awareness of the intended audience.

For Question 2, the answer will only follow the instructions in part. An area of interest will be identified, yet the search terms may be incomplete or not relate to this area.

An attempt will be made to give reference and/or provide either the link or date of access. The explanation of what the case contributes to the law concerning medical treatment and childrens rights, or the summary of the central point of this article, and why this case or article was of interest to you will merely repeat the area of interest, but not provide an explanation or summary.

30-39%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will include some content relevant to the principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989 and their application but this will be vague and general, and not provide more than a basic and flawed definition of the principles. There will be errors and misunderstandings of the material and the law. There may be an attempt at an argument but this will be limited, illogical and/or incomplete. The writing style may be disjointed and confused and the answer may not be set out as an essay. Any attempt at referencing will be largely inaccurate and incomplete, and it may be under the word length.

For Question 2, the answer will begin to identify an area of interest, but this will be very broad, such as family law, or child law.

Some relevant key terms will be provided, and an attempt is made to reference, but this is incomplete and the link/date of access is missing.

No attempt to explain or summarise the point of interest is made.

15-29%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will largely fail to address the question. It may show a very basic grasp of the areas of law raised by the question, but will not define or explain these effectively or make a relevant evaluation of the principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989 and their application. The writing style will be poor and there will be no attempt at in-text referencing, and the answer is likely to be under the word length.

For Question 2, the answer neither will identify an area of interest nor have any legal database included. Search terms may be identified, but the referencing is absent and the explanation or summary is missing from the answer.

1-14%

For Question 1, an answer in this band will contain no relevant content and will not address the question set in either part. It will not raise relevant points and will demonstrate little or no knowledge of the principles in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989 and their application. It may be very short.

For Question 2, there will be little engagement in the task. Although an area of interest may be stated, no search terms are used and legal database is absent. There is no URL or date of access and no attempt to provide an explanation or summary, nor why this case or article was of interest.

0%

Answers in this band will not attempt to address the question.

Are you struggling to keep up with the demands of your academic journey? Don't worry, we've got your back!
Exam Question Bank is your trusted partner in achieving academic excellence for all kind of technical and non-technical subjects. Our comprehensive range of academic services is designed to cater to students at every level. Whether you're a high school student, a college undergraduate, or pursuing advanced studies, we have the expertise and resources to support you.

To connect with expert and ask your query click here Exam Question Bank