FORMTEXT -301925385026Assessment
FORMTEXT -301925385026Assessment
Book 4
00Assessment
Book 4
-266701307340DIPLOMA OF COUNSELLING
00DIPLOMA OF COUNSELLING
-290307101600Research and Apply Personality and Development Theories
CHCCSL004
00Research and Apply Personality and Development Theories
CHCCSL004
Third Edition, September 2022
Copyright ownership: Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors Pty Ltd
ACN 077 738 035
This book is copyright protected under the Berne Convention.
All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.
Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors
Head Office
47 Baxter St., Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006.
This book is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced or copied either in part or in whole nor used for financial gain without the express approval in writing of the owner (Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors Pty Ltd (ACN 077 738 035) of the copyright.
Assessment Instructions
All of the information that you need to complete your assessment tasks are included in your Study Guide and associated Readings. Before attempting to complete this Assessment Book you must read through all of the information supplied to you in the Study Guide and Readings for this unit. You are required to complete all assessment questions successfully in order to be deemed competent in this unit.
This Assessment Book is designed to assess your knowledge. Copying sentences and blocks of text directly from your Study Guide, Readings, or other documents does not demonstrate your understanding of the topic. Neither does copying the work of another student. Such practices are regarded as plagiarism and will not be tolerated. (Please see your Student Handbook for further information regarding Plagiarism).
A guideline for the number of words required for a response is included to give you an idea of the depth of information that is required to successfully answer the question. If you are well under the approximate number of words you may need to ask yourself whether you have been too superficial in your response. If you are well over the word limit, then you may need to ask yourself whether you have included irrelevant information or repeated yourself unnecessarily.
If you do not understand what is required for you to complete an assessment, please contact an Education Adviser.
Important Note:
When an assessment item asks you to write what you would say to a client, this means that you need to write, word for word, what you could say to the client if you were in session. These items assess your ability to generate appropriate responses and demonstrate important skills in the counselling context. As such, it is not acceptable to write out the topics you would cover. Rather, you need to imagine that you are in the session with the client and write out how you would verbally respond in the scenario. We have provided an example to indicate how you should approach this type of assessment item.
Assessment Item:
Karen has come to counselling after the end of a long-term friendship. Karen has been struggling to make sense of how the friendship ended and is also wondering why she is in so much pain. She says that she is as hurt by this friendship ending as she has been by the worst break-ups she has been through, and she worries she is over-reacting or having a mental breakdown. What would you say to Karen to normalise this experience? (Your response should be approximately 70 words.)
Response:
Karen, although we dont often see the pain of friendship loss represented in television shows or movie or pop songs, and we only seem to talk about relationship loss in terms of romantic relationships, the loss of a friendship can be just as significant. The loss of an important friendship brings on grief, just the way the loss of any other kind of important relationship does.
Submitting an Assessment Book
Please submit your assessment book via your online student portal at http://my.aipc.net.au
Use the following as a checklist before submitting your Assessment Book:
FORMCHECKBOX Have all of the questions and activities been completed?
FORMCHECKBOX Is your name and student number noted in your Assessment Book? (on the following page)
FORMCHECKBOX Have you completed the Candidate Declaration? (on the following page)
FORMCHECKBOX Have you saved a copy of all of your work (in case of loss)?
Thank you for choosing to study with the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors. Best Wishes!
This Assessment Book Belongs To:
Student Name: FORMTEXT
Student Number: FORMTEXT
Candidate Declaration:
By signing below, I declare that:
I am the enrolled student.
I have been advised of the assessment requirements and my rights and responsibilities as an assessment candidate, and I choose to be assessed at this time.
All of the responses within this Assessment Book are my own.
This Assessment Book contains no material written by another person except where due reference is made.
I am aware that a false declaration may lead to the withdrawal of a qualification or statement of attainment.
Signature: FORMTEXT Date: FORMTEXT
(Type your full name in the field above)
Assessment Summary
Please find below the results of your first submission (this will be completed by your assessor after your Assessment Book has been submitted)
Result Date Assessed Assessor Name Assessor Initials
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Questions to resubmit (if first submission is not yet competent)
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Students, please note:
A Not Yet Competent (NYC) result does not mean that you have to redo the whole unit. In the box above, the marker has identified exactly which questions you need to resubmit. Feedback is provided (in a comment box) beside your current answer. All resubmissions have to be completed at the end of this marked book.
To make a resubmission,
Step 1: Go right to the end of this Assessment Book to the Resubmission Page. Please do not change your original answers. Your marker will need to look at your original answer and your resubmitted answer.
Step 2: Write the question number and then enter your answers into the Resubmission Box. The box will expand as you enter text.
Step 3: Make sure that you have answered all of the questions that you have been asked to resubmit.
Step 4: Resubmit this assessment book for marking via the student portal.
All the best!
Please find below the results of your resubmission (this will be completed by your assessor after your Assessment Book has been resubmitted)
Resubmission Result Date Assessed Assessor Name Assessor Initials
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Section 1
INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
Theories of Human Development
1.1Counsellors apply a range of theories to understand their clients development and the issues they present with.
a)Development occurs across three overlapping domains: physical, cognitive and psychosocial. Complete the following table by identifying the domain most relevant to the developmental change listed.
Developmental changes Domain
i. Gina, who is five-year-old, learns how to solve a puzzle. FORMTEXT
ii. Moses engages in a long-term romantic relationship. FORMTEXT
iii. One-year-old Anna walks to her parents for the first time. FORMTEXT
b)Briefly describe what theories of human development set out to explain. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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The Historical Development of Personality and Development Theories
1.2Briefly describe the lifespan perspective on development. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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1.3Briefly explain three (3) reasons as to why counsellors need to learn about various classic developmental theories. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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1.4Counsellors need learn about and compare various theories to explore what each has to offer and which may be relevant to particular client issues. Develop four (4) questions that counsellors could use to help them compare theories. In your response, make sure you have one question each that addresses theoretical positions on (i) nature and nurture, (ii) activity and passivity, (iii) continuity and discontinuity, and (iv) universality and context specificity. (Your response should be approximately 120 words)
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Nature versus Nurture
1.5Developmental theories vary in their emphasis on the roles of nature and nurture in development.
a)How might a theory that emphasises nature explain personality differences among individuals? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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b)How might a theory that emphasises nurture explain personality differences among individuals? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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c)What is the current prevailing view of the influence of nature and nurture on personality development? (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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d)The prevailing view does not only apply to personality, but to almost every aspect of development. Taking the prevailing view, do people inherit psychological disorders? Justify your reasoning with consideration of the view stated in response to question 1.5c. (Your total response should be approximately 100 words)
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e)How does the view expressed in question 1.5c impact on the work of counsellors? (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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1.6There are a number of factors that counsellors need to take into consideration when analysing a clients development.
a)List three (3) nature factors counsellors should consider in relation to their clients. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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b)List three (3) nurture factors that counsellors should consider about their clients. (Your total response should be approximately 30 words)
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1.7Imagine that you are a counsellor working with Thomas, who has sought counselling for assistance in reducing his alcohol intake. During intake, you learn the following:
Thomas was born in regional Queensland to a single mother, after his father abandoned them. His mother had an alcohol addiction and died from a substance overdose when Thomas was nine years old. After this, Thomas lived with various relatives and foster parents. Thomas attended the local high school and obtained generally low grades. He discontinued schooling after year nine and left his last foster home to live independently at age 15. He worked sporadically as a labourer until a workplace injury 12 months ago rendered him incapacitated. He is now recovered but is having trouble finding work.
Thomas is married to Marianne, and they have two children aged five and nine. He describes Marianne as loving and supportive. He has limited social support outside of his immediate family and has no active interests or hobbies. He used to drink casually with his mates after work, but describes himself at that time as always in control of my drinking, because he remembered how his mother was when she was drunk and did not want his children to see him in the same way.
Since being out of work, however, Thomas has been feeling down most days and been gradually drinking more, both during the day and night. He struggles to fall asleep some nights, which he attempts to resolve by drinking more.
Marianne is concerned about Thomass mood and increasing alcohol intake, and she urged him to seek help. Thomas tells you that he is worried that he may become like his mother. Thomas insists that he has never been a problematic drinker and feels troubled about his drinking going up at this time, given how important it is to him that he not be like Mum. However, he increasingly feels driven to drink more and cannot remember when he last went a day without drinking.
a)Explain one (1) nature factor that might influence Thomas development of problematic drinking. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)Explain two (2) nurture (environmental) factors might influence Thomas development of problematic drinking behaviour. (Your response should be approximately 70 words)
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c)Based on your understanding of nature-nurture influences in development of human behaviour, is Thomas drinking behaviour more likely the result of the nature factor in 1.7a, nurture factors in 1.7b, or both? Justify your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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d)Thomas tells you that he is worried that he may become like his mother. Thomas insists that he has never been a problematic drinker, and feels troubled by why his drinking would go out of control this time. Based on your response to 1.7c, write what you would say to Thomas to help him understand how he might have come to develop a drinking problem.
Note: Your response must provide a clear, supportive, tentative statement that is likely to help Thomas understand the development of his presenting issue. (Your response should be approximately 120 words)
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e)Based on your response to question 1.7c, briefly outline the approach you might take in assisting Thomas to address the challenges he faces. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)
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CHCCSL004 Assessment Book Section 1
Assessors Comments
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive feedback on your responses to questions in this section.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Assessors Name:
Date:
Section 2
FIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory
2.1Freud suggested there are three components of personality: id, ego, and superego.
a)Complete the following table by identifying the component described in each of the statements below.
Description Component
i. Rational part of personality that is involved in logic, problem-solving, planning, and peace keeping. FORMTEXT
ii. The parent, responsible for moralising, criticising, and punishing. FORMTEXT
iii. That aspect that drives misbehaviour, child-like behaviours; also the source of basic desires. FORMTEXT
b)Peta is late for work and is delayed further by an accident caused by a driver who has run a red light. Some people shouldnt be allowed to drive, Peta mumbles to herself. She then lowers her window and shouts, Learn to drive, stupid! Peta then begins to feel embarrassed and thinks, I should be ashamed of myself for doing that in public. Peta takes a deep breath to calm herself down and starts to plan her day.
Based on your understanding of the functions of the id, ego, and superego, identify the component that is expressed in each aspect of Petas cognition or behaviour identified below.
Cognition/behaviour Component
i. Peta lowers her window and shouts, Learn to drive, stupid! FORMTEXT
ii. Peta feel embarrassed and thinks, I should be ashamed of myself for doing that in public. FORMTEXT
iii. Peta takes a deep breath to calm herself down and starts to plan her day. FORMTEXT
2.2In the following table, define each level of awareness, as proposed by Freud. (Your total response should be approximately 50 words)
Level of awareness Definition
Conscious FORMTEXT
Preconscious FORMTEXT .
Unconscious FORMTEXT
2.3Another important concept in Freuds psychoanalytical theory is that of the defence mechanism.
a)Define defence mechanisms and outline their common features. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)Based on the table of defence mechanisms on page 25 of your Study Guide, identify the defence mechanism demonstrated in the scenarios below.
Scenario Defence mechanism
After being told by her mother that she cant have a cookie, Jennifer turns and smacks her little brother. FORMTEXT
After his friends chose a restaurant he doesnt want to go to, John throws a tantrum and refuses to leave the car. FORMTEXT
Georgia has no memory of what happened to her during the earthquake. FORMTEXT
Mary, who unconsciously resents her husband, cooks him his favourite dinner. FORMTEXT
Moses continues to smoke for years despite the fact that his brother, who was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer. He refuses to believe that smoking caused his brother to develop lung cancer. FORMTEXT
Shane cheated on his wife and tells himself that it is just a one-off event and that it is a trap all men fall into. FORMTEXT
c)Are defence mechanisms maladaptive? Justify your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)
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2.4Freud famously proposed a model of development: the psychosexual stages.
a)Which of the following statements is not true about Freuds psychosexual stages, from a Freudian perspective?
A well-adjusted person would have achieved a balance at each of the stages.
A person who is confused about their sexuality most likely had unresolved issues in the phallic stage.
Superego is strengthened during the latency period, as school-aged children learn about social rules and moral values on how to behave appropriately.
Smoking and overeating are most likely results of an unresolved anal stage.
Your answer: FORMTEXT
b)Freuds theory of psychosexual development has been supported by research.
True FORMCHECKBOX False FORMCHECKBOX
2.5Briefly explain how counsellors might apply understanding of Freuds concepts of the unconscious and defence mechanisms in counselling. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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2.6Imagine that you are a counsellor working with Marco. Marco works in the retail industry and is married to Ling. They have two children, aged five and eight. During the session, Marco tells you that work has been stressful since his new manager came on board. His manager often picks on his performance even though he has consistently met his monthly sales targets. Recently, his manager announced an unreasonable sales target for Marco and threatened him with dismissal if he fails to meet it. Although Marco was furious, he did not feel he could stand up against his manager at work. When he got home from work, he finally exploded, yelling at Ling and the children.
a)Based on your understanding of defence mechanisms, outline one possible explanation for Marcos explosion. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)Imagine that Marco felt troubled about yelling at his wife and children, and thinks that he might be going mad. Write down what you would say in response to Marco, based on your response to question 2.6a, to help Marco understand his behaviour.
Hint: You should aim to reassure Marco that his behaviour does not necessarily indicate that he is developing a mental illness, by outlining the concept of the defence mechanism you have identified in 2.6a. Remember, however, that understanding factors in development and behaviour do not excuse behaviour, so your response must include a suggestion about how you could help Marco to address this issue. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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Eriksons Psychosocial Stages
2.7Complete the table below by identifying which psychosocial stage is being described.
Description Psychosocial stage
During this stage an adult typically becomes willing to share, identify with others, and to commit to affiliations and partnerships. FORMTEXT
During this stage a child typically needs to learn important academic skills and compare favourably with their peers. FORMTEXT
During this stage a child typically tries to behave in ways that involve more grown-up responsibility and experiments with grown-up roles. FORMTEXT
During this stage an adult typically comes to terms with their successes, failures, and missed opportunities, and realises the dignity of life. FORMTEXT
During this stage a child typically develops a sense that the world is a safe and reliable place, in response to sensitive caregiving. FORMTEXT
During this stage an adult typically wishes to make a contribution to the next generation, to produce, mentor, or create something of lasting value, as in the rearing of children or supporting the community. FORMTEXT
During this stage a child typically develops a sense of independence tied to use of new mental and motor skills. FORMTEXT
During this stage an adolescent typically moves toward adulthood by making choices about values, vocational goals, and so on. FORMTEXT
2.8Select whether the following statements are True or False.
a)Eriksons theory identifies specific interventions that counsellors should apply at each developmental stage.
True FORMCHECKBOX False FORMCHECKBOX
b)Stage theories like Eriksons are guides only and counsellors should not assume that all clients will follow the set stages in the same order at the same age.
True FORMCHECKBOX False FORMCHECKBOX
c)Erikson believed that people could work on unresolved developmental crises at later stages of life.
True FORMCHECKBOX False FORMCHECKBOX
2.9Briefly explain how a counsellor might apply Eriksons psychosocial stages in understanding the difficulties clients are facing. (Your response should be approximately 80 words)
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2.10Imagine that you are working as a counsellor at a university. Your client, Young, is a 20-year-old Korean student, who is unhappy about studying. Young grew up in a middle-class family in Korea, and has two elder brothers who are both medical doctors. As he grew up, he was frequently told how bright his brothers were and that he should take the same path as they did. When he graduated from high school, Youngs family told him that he should study for a medical degree in Australia. Although Young never liked biology in school and didnt think he would do well in medical school, he agreed to his familys plan and commenced his study in Australia a year ago.
Young failed two subjects in his first year and now struggles with the idea of continuing. Young feels uncertain about what he wants to be, as he has always followed the path his family set out for him. He has been reading some self-help books lately because he wants to know more about himself, which led him to the counselling service on campus.
a)Using Eriksons psychosocial stages, provide a possible explanation for Youngs current feelings and behaviours. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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b)Write down what you would say to Young, to normalise his experiences and help him develop an understanding of how his current experience may have developed, using Eriksons theory. (Note that you are not encouraged to use Eriksons name or technical terms in your explanation. Rather, you must use the understanding you gain from considering Youngs situation in light of Eriksons theory to develop a response to Young that is supportive and clear, and which offers him a way of understanding what he is going through). (Your response should be approximately 150 words)
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Bowlbys Attachment Theory
2.11Outline what Bowlbys attachment theory suggests about the role attachment plays in a persons development. (Your response should be approximately 150 words)
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2.12You learned about different attachment styles in the Study Guide, including avoidant, secure, and resistant attachment styles. Complete the table below by identifying which attachment style is most likely reflected in each clients behaviours.
Client scenarios Attachment style
Johns relationships, both romantic and friendly, tend to be short-lived and rather superficial. He says that he doesnt really need people and describes himself as an island. FORMTEXT
Amanda is struggling to cope with her mothers recent death. She describes a close relationship with her husband and family and says they have been incredibly supportive. FORMTEXT
Mary attends her first counselling session in tears. Her boyfriend of three months has just ended their relationship and she has spent the entire night calling him repeatedly begging him to reconsider. She says she is nothing without him. FORMTEXT
2.13Briefly explain how a counsellor may apply understanding of attachment theory in the counselling process. (Your response should be approximately 80 words).
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Piagets Cognitive Developmental Theory
2.14Piaget believed that children actively construct knowledge through exploration and adaptation. Briefly explain what adaptation is, as well as two vital processes involved in adaptation. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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2.15Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development.
a)Complete the table below by outlining the major cognitive developments that define each of Piagets stages of cognitive development. (Your total response should be approximately 100 words)
Stages Cognitive developments
i. Sensorimotor FORMTEXT
ii. Preoperational FORMTEXT
iii.Concrete operational FORMTEXT
iv.Formal operational FORMTEXT
b)Noor is a school counsellor. She is recently started working with Marcus (10 years old), who was referred to counselling because he has a history of aggressive behaviour towards his classmates. Noor has been informed by his teacher that Marcus appears to have no learning difficulties and is performing academically at the expected level for his age.
Marcus tells Noor that he is unhappy today. He feels left out because the kids in his class would not let him play with them at lunch. He grabbed the ball they were playing with and shoved some of them because, he says, he wanted to join their soccer game. Marcus says he wants to be friends with them but they just dont like him. Noor notices that Marcus doesnt appear to understand that his actions are the likely cause of the rejection of his classmates.
Identify which stage of cognitive development Marcus is likely in, and justify your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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c)Morna is counselling a family in which a very close aunt recently died. The parents have tried to explain the death to their youngest child (three years old), but he does not seem to understand. He repeatedly asks where his aunt is when she is coming back.
Identify which stage of cognitive development is the child most likely in, and justify your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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2.16Imagine that you want to extend your study in the specialisation of counselling children and young people. How might you benefit from understanding of Piagets cognitive development stages? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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2.17Imagine that you are a counsellor working with Temara, a frustrated parent of six-year-old Millie. Temara and her husband separated three months ago, and Millie did not cope well with it. Since her father left, Millie has become quite emotional and quiet, and not her usual bubbly self. Recently, Millie has said several times, I dont want a new bike; I just want my daddy home. When you ask Temara how Millie learned about her parents separation, it turned out that Millie had come home from school one Monday to see her father leaving with his belongings. On the weekend prior, Millie had thrown a big tantrum about wanting a new bike, which her father had said that she would not get. Temara is feeling troubled by Millies statement and is not sure if it is normal that Millie sees her wish for a bike as relevant to her fathers departure.
a)Using Piagets cognitive development stages, describe which stage of cognitive development Millie is likely to be in, and provide one possible explanation as to why she was linking her wish for a bike to her parents separation. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)You think that Piagets theory might help Temara make sense of why Millie has linked these two events. Write down what you would say to Temara, based on your response to question 2.17a, in order to help her understand Millies thinking process. Again, you are not expected to use Piagets name or technical terms, but to use this perspective to help a client develop understanding. (Your response should be approximately 120 words)
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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
2.18Identify which type of need, according to Maslows hierarchy, is being described in each scenario.
Scenario Level
Andrew works two hours overtime every night. He needs the extra money to cover the mortgage on the home for the familys stability. FORMTEXT
Li Fang is a single parent with three children. She is on a low income and has little money for groceries after paying rent and electricity. Although she sees a lovely dress that she would like to buy, she spends all of her remaining income on the fortnights groceries. FORMTEXT
After months of trying, Marina has now found part-time work and has extra income as a result. She feels good about herself and is enjoying being able to treat herself to something nice. FORMTEXT
Eduardo (aged 55) is a professor at a university. He has recently retired from his position in order to fulfil a lifelong desire to write novels. FORMTEXT
Deborah has moved to a new city on a work transfer. She is lonely and has enrolled in a local ballroom dancing class in order to make new friends. FORMTEXT
2.19Maslows hierarchy of needs is comprised of two types of needs basic needs and growth needs.
a)Define both basic and growth needs, and outline the differences between them. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)How could a counsellor apply the understanding gained from Maslows hierarchy of needs in counselling practice? (Your response should be approximately 70 words)
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CHCCSL004 Assessment Book Section 2
Assessors Comments
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive feedback on your responses to questions in in this section.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Assessors Name:
Date:
Section 3
APPLYING AND EXTENDING YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Applying Developmental Theories In Counselling
3.1Outline three (3) ways counsellors might apply theories of human development in their work with clients. (Your response should be approximately 70 words)
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3.2As a counsellor, outline two (2) reasons as to why you must evaluate the usefulness of each developmental theories before applying them in working with clients? (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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Developing and Extending Knowledge of Developmental Theories
3.3 Identify three (3) sources that counsellors may use to access information about developmental theories. (Your response should be approximately 10 words)
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3.4Identify three (3) professional development activities counsellors may engage in to maintain updated knowledge of new developments in theories and counselling practice. (Your response should be approximately 10 words)
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3.5Imagine that you are a counsellor, and you are recently working with a new client, John, who is concerned about developing depression. You want to develop your knowledge base and find out what nature and nurture factors may be involved in the development of depression. Upon an internet search, you found an article named Nurture may trump nature when it comes to depression risks. This article is included as Reading J in your Book of Readings make sure you read this article prior to answering this question.
a)Provide a brief summary on what the authors conclusion is on the role of nature and nurture on a persons risk of developing of depression. (Your response should be approximately 40 words)
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b)Explain three (3) factors you need to consider, in order to critically evaluate whether Reading J is a source of good quality information to support your practice. (Your response should be approximately 150 words.)
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c)Do you think this article in Reading J is a credible, professional source of good quality information? Is it likely to be useful in expanding your knowledge of what nature and nurture factors may be involved in the development of depression? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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3.6Imagine that you are working as a counsellor in a local community centre. Many of the clients attending the centre are from the age group of 50s and above. You recently attended a webinar on Psychology and Ageing which is offered to a range of medical and helping professionals who may be working with older adults. The webinar discussed a range of topics (e.g., dementia, decision making capacity, memory interventions, mental health) and strategies relevant to understanding and working with older adults. Explain the steps you will take in considering whether and how to integrate what you have learned into your practice. (Your response should be approximately 80 words)
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3.7Briefly explain three (3) benefits for counsellors to document and store information and professional literature about developmental theories in an organised way. (Your response should be approximately 30 words)
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3.8Imagine that you have found the following articles when researching about learning theories. You are going to add these to your extensive collection of professional articles and want to make sure you know where to find them. Describe how you would organise them so that you are easily able to find information about a particular issue or topic in the future. For example, what storage/organisation system would you use and how would you categorise them? (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
The Modern Life Span Perspective.
Alcoholism Causes and Risk Factors: A developmental perspective.
Eriksonian Personality Research and Implications.
Practical Applications of Maslows theory.
Applying Piagets Theory in Counselling.
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Integrating Your Knowledge
The following questions require you to draw upon all of the knowledge and skills you have learned throughout this section and previous sections of the Study Guide.
3.9Complete the table on the following page by identifying the developmental theory that each counsellor is applying.
Theory
Freuds psychoanalytical theory
Eriksons psychosocial stages
Bowlbys attachment theory
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Piagets cognitive development theory
Scenario Theory
Tom is in his early thirties. He feels unsure about his current career. He says that his problems started when he was a teenager and that he became very confused about who he was and what he wanted to do with his life. Toms counsellor assists him to explore his values and goals for life. FORMTEXT
Julie has had a weight problem most of her adult life and is also a very heavy smoker. Her counsellor believes she is stuck in a particular phase of childhood development, which causes her to overeat and smoke. FORMTEXT
Sarah is eight. Her mother is concerned that Sarah is intellectually challenged. The counsellor discusses with Sarahs mother about how Sarah has been progressing with reasoning and solving abstract problems. FORMTEXT
Brad is 10. His parents work long hours and have an active social life that doesnt involve him. When he is not at school, he is cared for by a nanny who often leaves him unattended while she spends time with her friends. Brad feels lonely and his counsellor believes that Brads needs for belonging are not being fulfilled. FORMTEXT
Aria sought counselling for support in managing relationship conflicts. She feels insecure about the relationship and has serious concerns about her husband having an affair. The counsellor asks Aria about her relationships with parents and previous romantic partners. FORMTEXT
3.10Imagine that you are working with a client, James, who is in his mid-forties. He is a successful and well-known actor and has won many awards in his career, as well as getting the recognition of his peers. He says that he never dreamt as a child that he would have so much success.
James came from a poor family. As one of the younger of six children, he always wore hand-me-down clothes. As a small child, his parents were so busy trying to make ends meet that they had little time for the children. He was a sensitive child and struggled at school with what he now recognises was a learning disability. Because his five siblings were clever and did well at school, his parents thought that he was just being lazy. His father beat him at times for wagging school, telling James he would never amount to anything unless he studied and tried to better himself.
At school, James was a target of bullies and more than one teacher had told him he was stupid. He grew up with a strong sense of inferiority and hopelessness. In his twenties James was unable to settle on any kind of career and drifted for a number of years. By chance he went to an acting class and realised that this was something that he really enjoyed and, despite a belief that the odds were against him, he decided to try to become a professional actor.
Despite his success, James says that he still feels like a fraud and that one day others will realise that he cannot act at all. He has come to see you for help to feel better about himself.
a)Select some aspects of James history and discuss how understanding nature-nurture interactions can help you make sense of this. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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b)Will Bowlbys attachment theory be useful for helping James to understand the challenges he is facing? Justify your reasoning.
Note: This question is designed to assess your ability to evaluate how applicable a theory is in specific counselling context. You must demonstrate that you have considered the strengths and limitations of the theory. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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c)Will Piagets cognitive development theory be useful for helping James to understand his current circumstances? Justify your reasoning.
Note: This question is designed to assess your ability to evaluate how applicable a theory is in specific counselling context. You must demonstrate that you have considered the strengths and limitations of the theory. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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d)Briefly outline how Maslows hierarchy of needs could explain aspects of James development and/or current situation. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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e)Imagine that you would like to use Maslows hierarchy of needs to help James understand what he has been and/or is currently dealing with. You present James with a copy of the pyramid (such as the one on page 43 of your Study Guide), and briefly explain each area of need. Based on your response to question 3.10(d), what would you say to James in order to help him develop his own understanding? (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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3.11Imagine that you have a 25-year-old client, Zoe, who is having difficulty with forming intimate relationships. Based on what you have learned in this Study Guide, would Freuds, Eriksons theory of development be more helpful for understanding Zoes difficulty? Justify your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 70 words)
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3.12You have learned about different theories of personality and development throughout this Study Guide, including:
The role of nature and nurture.
Freuds psychoanalytic theory.
Eriksons psychosocial stages.
Bowlbys attachment theory.
Piagets cognitive developmental theory.
Maslows hierarchy of needs.
Select two (2) of the theories or approaches listed above, and for each theory:
Conduct your own research and find one (1) article or other academic/professional source that provides relevant information and could help you expand your understanding about the selected theory. Provide information identifying the source in the Sources column.
Find one (1) relevant PD opportunity that you can use to update and expand your knowledge about the selected theory. Provide information identifying the activity in the Relevant PD opportunity column.
Note: Your response must demonstrate your ability to conduct independent research. It is not acceptable to use any of the resources referenced in the Study Guide. (Your response should be approximately 60 words in total.)
Theory Sources Relevant PD opportunity
Theory 1:
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Theory 2:
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Important note: Reading K, L and M in your Book of Readings are relevant to the following question.
3.13Imagine that you are a new counsellor working in the local community centre. Your centre offers service to clients of all ages with regards to a range of issues such as stress, parenting, and relationship difficulties. As part of your professional development, you decide to extend your understanding on a range of developmental theories.
a)Imagine that your workplace has a staff library and you found a copy of The Handbook of Counselling Children and Young People which has a chapter titled Child development and attachment. This is included as Reading K in your Book of Readings make sure you complete this reading before answering the following question.
The authors of the article discussed a range of developmental perspectives. Identify five theories discussed in the article. (Your response should be approximately 15 words)
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b)Applying what you have learned about critical evaluation, do you think Reading K is a credible, professional source of good quality information? Is it likely to be useful in expanding your understanding on developmental theories? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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c)Imagine that you decide to look for more information about developmental theories online, and you have come across an article titled How Maslows hierarchy of needs influenced person-centred counselling from a website named Counselling Tutor. This is included as Reading L in your Book of Readings make sure you complete this reading before answering this question.
Applying what you have learned about critical evaluation, do you think this article is a credible, professional source of good quality information? Is it likely to be useful in expanding your understanding on developmental theories? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 100 words)
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d)Imagine that you continue searching for information about other theories. You come across an online article with the title Attachment theory in adolescent counselling by Langlois (2017), published in the BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education. This article is included as Reading M in your Book of Readings make sure you complete this reading before answering the following questions.
In a short paragraph, summarise what the author suggests about the application of attachment theory in a therapeutic context. (Your response should be approximately 60 words)
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e)Applying what you have learned about critical evaluation, do you think Reading M is a credible, professional source of good quality information? Is Reading M likely to be useful in expanding your understanding on developmental theories? Explain your reasoning. (Your response should be approximately 50 words)
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CHCCSL004 Assessment Book Section 3
Assessors Comments
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive feedback on your responses to questions in this section.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Assessors Name:
Date:
Assessors Comments Overall
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive overall feedback on this Assessment Book.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Signature of Assessor:
Date:
FIRST RESUBMISSION
The following Entry Box is for students to complete any activities that require resubmission.
Important Note: In order to assist the marker in reassessing your work, make sure you have clearly identified the question number for each question you have to re-submit.
Complete resubmission activities here
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Assessors Comments First Resubmission
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive feedback on resubmission of this Assessment Book.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Signature of Assessor:
Date:
SECOND RESUBMISSION
The following Entry Box is for students to complete any activities that require resubmission.
Important Note: In order to assist the marker in reassessing your work, make sure you have clearly identified the question number for each question you have to re-submit.
Complete resubmission activities here
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Assessors Comments Second Resubmission
To be completed by the Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors to provide constructive feedback on resubmission of this Assessment Book.
Competent / Not Yet Competent
Signature of Assessor:
Date:
