Gait Analysis: Characterising Walking Gait and its Applications

Gait refers to the pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion, specifically when walking or running. It includes the intricate interplay of muscles, joints, and neural control systems that determine how the body moves through space.

There are several ways in which one may identify differences in gait, such as symmetry in movement, walking speed, and overall smoothness of motion (Samson et al., 2001). Some people may demonstrate variances in stride length or have a wider or narrower step width. These differences are influenced by factors like age, injury, or neuro-logical disorders (Samson et al., 2001). Identifying individuals based on their gait features may be especially beneficial in biometric identification, which involves comparing unique gait patterns to a database to determine identity (lvarez-Aparicio et al., 2022).

The center of mass (COM) behaves differently during walking and running. In walking, COM follows a smooth, sinusoidal path with minimum vertical displacement. Conversely, during running, COM undergoes greater vertical displacement, creating a more pronounced arc-like trajectory due to the aerial phase when both feet are off the ground (Lee & Farley, 1998).
Data collection in gait analysis involves several methods and techs. Motion capture systems, like Vicon or Qualisys, use cameras to track markers placed on the body, providing detailed motion data (Windolf et al., 2008). Inertial measurement units can be attached to the body to record acceleration and angular velocity (Xu et al., 2024). Additionally, wearable sensors and pressure-sensitive mats offer valuable insights into foot pressure distribution and gait cycles (Xu et al., 2024).

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