Guidance and Example Structure for IBM7020 Portfolio Part 3

Guidance and Example Structure for IBM7020 Portfolio Part 3

Below, we provide an example of an approach to structuring your submission for the Portfolio Part 3 Report.

Please note the following:

This is not the only way to structure a report, and that other formats may score very well.

Introduction

A well-structured report must have an introduction. The main purpose of an introduction is to provide an overview of how you will argue, and how that argument responds to your problematisation. The author will first explain why they think this is a problem, and then describe how the arguments that they are about to make can help solve this problem. In this module, the introduction will be concise. The problem statement may define the problem to address in a narrower way than that expressed in your Part 1 video. This can be explored and justified to provide a more focused problem to address.

It is common for students to give too little detail in their introduction. Try and avoid this mistake by giving as much detail as possible about exactly how you will argue, and use your introduction to show how your arguments are part of a wider, coherent line of argument or through-line.

Substantive sections

After the introduction, a report will have a substantive section, or main-body, in which the author makes most of their argument. In the example diagram above, the substantive section of the report is made up of two parts: the proposal and the reflection.

In the first paragraph of Section 1, labelled Proposal paragraph in the diagram, the author introduces the design thinking principles that they have applied in making this proposal. In this paragraph they will use evidence from academic, journalistic or professional sources to explain the approach taken and demonstrate its user-centricity. The author will demonstrate creativity and innovation by making a proposal which can help mitigate the wicked problem they have been working on. The proposal draws on design thinking principles as it takes a user-centric approach and demonstrates empathy.

In the following paragraph, Impact paragraph in the diagram, the author will demonstrate conceptualisation, meaning making sense of something in a new way. Elements of the Impact Ladder will be included within this paragraph. An Appendix might be used and referred to. This paragraph conceptualises the impact that the proposal seeks to achieve: the lasting social impact, near term outcome(s) and key shifts.

Note: the author is not limited to using the content of the lectures on this module. The author might reflect that the design thinking perspective that they have taken could be complemented by their understanding from another subject area. They might decide to use some complementary literature from another field of relevant research to enhance their argument in this section, provided they think doing so is coherent with their argument overall.

In the following paragraph, Context paragraph in the diagram, the author explores the context around the user. The author will demonstrate conceptualisation by identifying the barriers and enablers which are present within the Ecosystem Mapping and the shifts which need to take place. This paragraph will also demonstrate an understanding of context by referring back to the work being done by other organisations which was critically appraised in Part 2 of the Portfolio.

Note the author may prefer to present their proposal paragraph after the impact and context paragraphs.

Having completed Section 1, the author then moves onto Section 2.

Since Section 2 is reflective writing, it is written in the first person, meaning I, we, me, us. Succinct, clear formal language should be used throughout the report, including the reflective section. The reflective writing brings into consideration the authors approach to, and achievements in, Parts 1, 2 and 3 of the Portfolio including the peer feedback the author has received. It will discuss Dr Sarasvathys Effectuation Theory which can be used to consider the proposal provided by the author.

In the first paragraph of Section 2, labelled Description and Feelings, the author will provide just enough description for the reader to understand what is going on. The author will then present feelings recalled from the time and/or felt at the time of writing. This will be a considered response providing an accurate account of what happened and the authors feelings about it.

In the second paragraph of Section 2, labelled Analysis and Interpretation, the author will use comparative (for example similarly or in contrast to) and causal (for example due to, or because of this) language to make sense of the experience and interpret its significance for learning.

In the third paragraph in Section 2, labelled Conclusions and Planning, the author will explain what they have learned from the experience and how this will inform future actions and what value that contains.

Note on sections: there is no firm rule regarding how many sections a report contains. When deciding how many sections to include, the author considers the quality and depth of their overall argument.

Note on paragraphs: there is no firm rule regarding how many paragraphs a section contains, and indeed, in this guidance the different substantive sections are only referred to as paragraphs illustratively. Proposal paragraph, Impact paragraph, and Context paragraph for example, may all extend over multiple paragraphs if the author thinks that this will improve the clarity of their report.

Conclusion

The report will end with a conclusion. The main purpose of a conclusion is to restate your argument, reiterating how it responds to your problematisation. It is common for students to give too little detail in their conclusion. Try and avoid this mistake and use the conclusion to show how your arguments were part of a wider, coherent argument or through-line.

_________________________________________________________________________

Other points to remember

The report must be referenced in Harvard style which will include comprehensive accurate in-text citations and a reference list. All sources accessed online should include the URL and date accessed.

The report should display evidence of reading. You must read and make use of at least eight sources on the Course Resources List.

The Reflection may be structured using a theoretical model and for example students may wish to consider Kolbs experiential learning cycle, or its development by Gibbs.

Spelling, punctuation and grammar are important the Review function in Microsoft Word should be used, including ABC Spelling & Grammar.

The wordcount must be adhered to. The report should be 2000 words (+/- 10%) and the marker will stop reading at 2200 words.

Proposal

Applies design thinking principles

User-centred approach

Impact ladder

Ecosystem mapping

Shows critical thinking

35

Reflection

Discusses effectuation theory

On approach to and achievements in Parts 1, 2 and 3

On peer feedback

Shows critical thinking

25

Academic skills

Harvard referencing

Presentation is professional and understandable

Spelling, grammar, punctuation

20

Research

Displays evidence of reading including about:

Effectuation theory

Design thinking principles 20

Part 3 (40%) Write a report in which you critique and apply design thinking principles from the module, or your own reading, to make a proposal which can help mitigate the wicked problem you have been working on. The report should include effectuation theory and a short reflection on the previous parts of the portfolio including the peer feedback you have received.

(2,000 words submit before 12pm midday 9/1/2024)

The following marking rubric will be applied to Part 3 of the Portfolio and is underpinned by the level 7 generic marking criteria which assesses knowledge and understanding, intellectual skills, scholarly practice, enquiry and research skills and professional and life skills.

Creativity, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation (IBM7020) SEM1 2023 - 2024

Part 3 (40%) Write a report in which you critique and apply design thinking principles from the module, or your own reading, to make a proposal which can help mitigate the wicked problem you have been working on. The report should include effectuation theory and a short reflection on the previous parts of the portfolio including the peer feedback you have received.

(2,000 words)

CHAT GPT:

**Reflection on Effectuation Theory and Critical Thinking:**

**Effectuation Theory:**

**Definition:**

Effectuation theory, introduced by Saras Sarasvathy, provides an alternative perspective to traditional business planning by emphasizing the idea that entrepreneurs don't just predict the future, but they actively shape it. It focuses on the principles and thought processes entrepreneurs use when dealing with uncertainty.

**Key Concepts:**

1. **Bird-in-Hand Principle:** Entrepreneurs start with what they have (resources, skills, and knowledge) rather than waiting for ideal conditions.

2. **Affordable Loss:** Entrepreneurs are more concerned with what they can afford to lose rather than traditional risk assessment.

3. **Crazy-Quilt Principle:** Building partnerships and collaborations with stakeholders who are willing to commit resources to the venture.

4. **Lemonade Principle:** Turning unexpected challenges into opportunities.

**Reflection on Effectuation Theory:**

Effectuation theory challenges the conventional wisdom that entrepreneurship is primarily about risk-taking and predicting the future. Instead, it suggests that successful entrepreneurs focus on leveraging their existing resources, forming partnerships, and adapting to unexpected changes. This theory encourages a more action-oriented and dynamic approach to entrepreneurship.

**Critical Thinking:**

**Definition:**

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information in a thoughtful, systematic, and logical manner. It involves questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and making well-informed decisions.

**Key Components:**

1. **Analysis:** Breaking down complex issues into manageable parts for examination.

2. **Evaluation:** Assessing the credibility, relevance, and validity of information and arguments.

3. **Inference:** Drawing logical conclusions based on available information.

4. **Problem-Solving:** Applying critical thinking skills to find effective solutions to problems.

**Reflection on Critical Thinking:**

Critical thinking is a fundamental skill in various aspects of life, including entrepreneurship. In the context of effectuation theory, critical thinking helps entrepreneurs assess the feasibility of their affordable losses, evaluate potential partners, and make informed decisions when unexpected challenges arise. It empowers individuals to navigate uncertainties by approaching problems with a systematic and analytical mindset.

**Integration of Effectuation Theory and Critical Thinking:**

Effectuation theory aligns with critical thinking by encouraging entrepreneurs to approach challenges with an analytical mindset. Critical thinking helps entrepreneurs assess the viability of their effectual decisions, ensuring that they are grounded in rational evaluation. Both concepts emphasize adaptability, agility, and a willingness to explore unconventional solutions.

**Conclusion:**

Effectuation theory and critical thinking are complementary frameworks that contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of entrepreneurship. By integrating these approaches, entrepreneurs can navigate uncertainties with resilience, turning challenges into opportunities through thoughtful analysis and action.

**Reflection on Food Security:**

**Food Security Overview:**

Food security is a multidimensional challenge that goes beyond the simple availability of food. It encompasses factors such as accessibility, utilization, and stability, all of which contribute to ensuring that all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.

**Challenges:**

1. **Global Inequality:** Disparities in access to resources, economic opportunities, and education contribute to unequal food distribution globally.

2. **Climate Change:** Environmental factors, including climate change, affect crop yields and food production, leading to increased vulnerability.

3. **Economic Factors:** Economic instability, poverty, and lack of infrastructure hinder people's ability to access and afford nutritious food.

**Effectuation Theory for Food Security:**

**Application of Effectuation:**

Effectuation theory, with its focus on leveraging existing resources and partnerships, aligns with addressing food security challenges.

1. **Bird-in-Hand Principle:** Communities can start with existing resources, such as local agricultural knowledge and community gardens, to enhance food production.

2. **Affordable Loss:** Implementing small-scale, affordable agricultural projects allows communities to experiment and learn, minimizing the risk of failure.

3. **Crazy-Quilt Principle:** Building partnerships with local farmers, community organizations, and government agencies can create a network for resource-sharing and collaborative solutions.

4. **Lemonade Principle:** Turning challenges, such as climate-related disruptions, into opportunities by promoting climate-resilient crops and sustainable agricultural practices.

**Critical Thinking for Food Security:**

**Application of Critical Thinking:**

Critical thinking is crucial for analyzing and addressing the complex issues surrounding food security.

1. **Analysis:** Evaluate the root causes of food insecurity, considering economic, social, and environmental factors that contribute to unequal access to food resources.

2. **Evaluation:** Assess the effectiveness of existing food security programs and policies, identifying areas for improvement and innovation.

3. **Inference:** Draw logical conclusions about the impact of specific interventions on different communities, considering their unique cultural, economic, and environmental contexts.

4. **Problem-Solving:** Apply critical thinking skills to design and implement sustainable solutions, considering long-term impacts and scalability.

**Integration of Effectuation and Critical Thinking:**

1. **Community-Led Initiatives:** Effectuation theory encourages grassroots efforts where communities leverage local resources to address immediate food needs. Critical thinking ensures these initiatives are informed, data-driven, and adaptable to diverse contexts.

2. **Collaborative Partnerships:** Effectuation's Crazy-Quilt Principle aligns with the collaborative nature of addressing food security. Critical thinking guides the selection of partners based on their commitment, expertise, and alignment with the goals of sustainable food access.

3. **Adaptive Strategies:** Effectuation's focus on affordable losses resonates with critical thinking in the sense that strategies can be continuously evaluated, adjusted, and improved based on feedback and changing circumstances.

**Conclusion:**

Effectuation theory, with its principles of leveraging resources and forming partnerships, and critical thinking, with its analytical and problem-solving approach, provide a comprehensive framework for addressing food security. By combining these approaches, communities and organizations can develop innovative, context-specific solutions that promote sustainable access to nutritious food for all.

**Title: Innovative Food Security Initiative: A Design Thinking Approach**

**Introduction:**

Food security is a pressing global issue that requires innovative solutions. This proposal outlines an initiative that applies design thinking principles to address food security challenges, placing users at the center, mapping the ecosystem, and leveraging critical thinking for sustainable impact.

**1. User-Centered Approach:**

*Objective: Understand and address the unique needs and challenges faced by individuals and communities experiencing food insecurity.*- **Empathy Building:** Conduct in-depth user research, engaging with communities facing food insecurity to empathize with their experiences, needs, and aspirations.

- **Persona Development:** Create detailed user personas to represent diverse demographics, ensuring the initiative is tailored to specific user needs.

- **Co-Creation Workshops:** Involve end-users in the ideation process, ensuring their perspectives are incorporated into the design of solutions.

**2. Impact Ladder:**

*Objective: Establish a clear hierarchy of impacts, ranging from immediate relief to long-term sustainable solutions.*- **Immediate Relief Measures:** Provide short-term solutions such as food distribution, community kitchens, and emergency aid to address immediate hunger.

- **Capacity Building:** Implement programs focused on building skills, knowledge, and resources to empower communities to sustainably produce, distribute, and access food.

- **Policy Advocacy:** Engage with policymakers to influence and shape policies that support long-term food security goals at the regional and national levels.

**3. Ecosystem Mapping:**

*Objective: Identify and engage with key stakeholders across the food supply chain to create a holistic approach to food security.*- **Stakeholder Identification:** Map out stakeholders, including farmers, distributors, retailers, NGOs, government agencies, and community groups.

- **Partnership Building:** Collaborate with stakeholders to create a network of support, fostering synergies and leveraging collective expertise.

- **Supply Chain Optimization:** Identify inefficiencies in the food supply chain and propose solutions to ensure a more effective and equitable distribution of resources.

**4. Critical Thinking:**

*Objective: Analyze and address root causes of food insecurity to implement effective and sustainable solutions.*- **Root Cause Analysis:** Conduct a thorough analysis of systemic issues contributing to food insecurity, such as poverty, climate change, and lack of access to education.

- **Innovation Labs:** Establish collaborative spaces for researchers, technologists, and community members to brainstorm and test innovative solutions.

- **Iterative Prototyping:** Implement a cyclical process of prototyping and testing to continually refine and improve solutions based on real-world feedback.

**Conclusion:**

This proposed food security initiative embraces design thinking principles, placing users at the center of the solution-finding process. By incorporating an impact ladder, ecosystem mapping, and critical thinking, the initiative aims not only to provide immediate relief but also to establish sustainable, community-driven solutions that address the root causes of food insecurity. This approach fosters resilience and empowers communities to build a future of enduring food security.

**Reflection on Effectuation Theory and Critical Thinking:**

**Effectuation Theory:**

**Definition:**

Effectuation theory, introduced by Saras Sarasvathy, provides an alternative perspective to traditional business planning by emphasizing the idea that entrepreneurs don't just predict the future, but they actively shape it. It focuses on the principles and thought processes entrepreneurs use when dealing with uncertainty.

**Key Concepts:**

1. **Bird-in-Hand Principle:** Entrepreneurs start with what they have (resources, skills, and knowledge) rather than waiting for ideal conditions.

2. **Affordable Loss:** Entrepreneurs are more concerned with what they can afford to lose rather than traditional risk assessment.

3. **Crazy-Quilt Principle:** Building partnerships and collaborations with stakeholders who are willing to commit resources to the venture.

4. **Lemonade Principle:** Turning unexpected challenges into opportunities.

**Reflection on Effectuation Theory:**

Effectuation theory challenges the conventional wisdom that entrepreneurship is primarily about risk-taking and predicting the future. Instead, it suggests that successful entrepreneurs focus on leveraging their existing resources, forming partnerships, and adapting to unexpected changes. This theory encourages a more action-oriented and dynamic approach to entrepreneurship.

**Critical Thinking:**

**Definition:**

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information in a thoughtful, systematic, and logical manner. It involves questioning assumptions, considering alternative perspectives, and making well-informed decisions.

**Key Components:**

1. **Analysis:** Breaking down complex issues into manageable parts for examination.

2. **Evaluation:** Assessing the credibility, relevance, and validity of information and arguments.

3. **Inference:** Drawing logical conclusions based on available information.

4. **Problem-Solving:** Applying critical thinking skills to find effective solutions to problems.

**Reflection on Critical Thinking:**

Critical thinking is a fundamental skill in various aspects of life, including entrepreneurship. In the context of effectuation theory, critical thinking helps entrepreneurs assess the feasibility of their affordable losses, evaluate potential partners, and make informed decisions when unexpected challenges arise. It empowers individuals to navigate uncertainties by approaching problems with a systematic and analytical mindset.

**Integration of Effectuation Theory and Critical Thinking:**

Effectuation theory aligns with critical thinking by encouraging entrepreneurs to approach challenges with an analytical mindset. Critical thinking helps entrepreneurs assess the viability of their effectual decisions, ensuring that they are grounded in rational evaluation. Both concepts emphasize adaptability, agility, and a willingness to explore unconventional solutions.

**Conclusion:**

Effectuation theory and critical thinking are complementary frameworks that contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of entrepreneurship. By integrating these approaches, entrepreneurs can navigate uncertainties with resilience, turning challenges into opportunities through thoughtful analysis and action.

**Applying Design Thinking Principles for Food Security:**

**Empathy - Understanding User Needs:**

- **Research:** Engage with communities facing food insecurity to understand their unique challenges, preferences, and aspirations.

- **User Interviews:** Conduct interviews to gain insights into dietary habits, cultural considerations, and barriers to accessing nutritious food.

**Define - Problem Statement:**

- **Define Challenges:** Clearly articulate the specific challenges faced by the community, considering factors like availability, accessibility, and cultural relevance of food.

- **Persona Development:** Create user personas representing diverse demographics to guide solution development.

**Ideate - Co-Creation Workshops:**

- **Brainstorming Sessions:** Facilitate workshops involving community members, experts, and stakeholders to generate diverse ideas for addressing food security.

- **Prototyping:** Create low-fidelity prototypes of potential solutions for feedback and iteration.

**Prototype - Test Small-Scale Interventions:**

- **Pilot Programs:** Implement small-scale interventions based on co-created ideas to test their feasibility and impact.

- **Gather Feedback:** Collect feedback from the community to understand the effectiveness and acceptance of the prototypes.

**Test - Iterative Refinement:**

- **Iterate Based on Feedback:** Analyze feedback to refine and improve the interventions, ensuring they align with user needs and cultural contexts.

- **Continuous Testing:** Implement an iterative testing process to make ongoing adjustments and improvements.

**User-Centered Approach for Food Security:**

**Community Involvement:**

- **Participatory Decision-Making:** Involve community members in decision-making processes related to food security initiatives, ensuring their voices are heard.

- **Feedback Mechanisms:** Establish feedback mechanisms to allow continuous communication with end-users, fostering a sense of ownership.

**Tailoring Solutions:**

- **Customized Interventions:** Design interventions that consider the unique cultural, economic, and social aspects of the community to ensure relevance and acceptance.

- **User Education:** Provide educational resources tailored to the community's specific needs, promoting sustainable practices and nutritional awareness.

**Impact Ladder for Food Security:**

**Immediate Relief:**

- **Emergency Food Distribution:** Provide short-term relief through immediate food distribution to address acute hunger in times of crisis.

- **Community Kitchens:** Establish community kitchens to ensure access to nutritious meals, particularly for vulnerable populations.

**Capacity Building:**

- **Agricultural Training:** Implement programs that empower community members with agricultural skills, enhancing their ability to grow their own food.

- **Nutritional Education:** Conduct workshops on nutrition, promoting a better understanding of balanced diets and healthier food choices.

**Policy Advocacy:**

- **Advocacy for Food Policies:** Engage with policymakers to advocate for policies that address systemic issues contributing to food insecurity.

- **Community Empowerment:** Empower communities to advocate for their own needs and influence policies that impact food security.

**Ecosystem Mapping for Food Security:**

**Stakeholder Identification:**

- **Farmers and Producers:** Identify local farmers and food producers to understand the supply side of the ecosystem.

- **NGOs and Community Organizations:** Map organizations working on food security to explore potential collaborations.

- **Government Agencies:** Identify government bodies involved in food distribution and policy-making.

**Partnership Building:**

- **Collaborative Initiatives:** Form partnerships with local businesses, NGOs, and educational institutions to create a collaborative network.

- **Resource Sharing:** Establish mechanisms for sharing resources within the ecosystem, optimizing the use of available assets.

**Supply Chain Optimization:**

- **Efficient Distribution Networks:** Streamline food distribution channels to reduce waste and ensure timely access.

- **Local Market Development:** Encourage the development of local markets, promoting the availability of diverse, fresh, and culturally relevant food.

**Critical Thinking for Food Security:**

**Root Cause Analysis:**

- **Identify Systemic Issues:** Analyze root causes of food insecurity, such as poverty, lack of education, and inadequate infrastructure.

- **Multidimensional Perspective:** Approach the issue holistically, considering economic, social, and environmental factors.

**Innovation Labs:**

- **Collaborative Problem-Solving:** Establish innovation labs that bring together diverse stakeholders to brainstorm and develop innovative solutions.

- **Technology Integration:** Explore the use of technology for data collection, monitoring, and evaluation to enhance the efficiency of food security interventions.

**Iterative Prototyping:**

- **Continuous Improvement:** Implement a feedback loop for continuous improvement, allowing for adjustments based on real-world outcomes.

- **Data-Driven Decision Making:** Utilize data to inform decision-making, ensuring that interventions are evidence-based and responsive to changing needs.

**Conclusion:**

The integration of design thinking principles, a user-centered approach, impact ladder, ecosystem mapping, and critical thinking provides a comprehensive framework for addressing food security. By understanding user needs, tailoring solutions, considering the broader ecosystem, and applying critical thinking, initiatives can be more effective, sustainable, and responsive to the complex challenges of ensuring food security for all.

Critically appraise the work currently being done by organisations to address the wicked problem you focused on in Part 1.

Personal plan video par 2: Food security

ORGANIZATIONS and THEIR APPROACH:

Government agencies: the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) are two Specialized agencies of the United Nations with separate mandates.

Non-governmental organization: World Food Programme (WFP)

Private sector companies

EVALUATING STRATEGIES and IMPACT: Develop criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of these organizations in terms of:

Scale of impact

Sustainability of solutions

Efficiency of resource use

Inclusiveness of their approach

IDENTIFY COMMON CHALLENGES OR GAPS IN CURRENT EFFORT: such as lack of coordination between organizations or insufficient funding.

ANALYZING EXTERNAL FACTORS:

Global economic trends

Political stability (Examples:

Somalia: Decades of civil war and political instability in Somalia have disrupted agriculture and food distribution systems. The situation is compounded by droughts and other climate-related issues, leading to chronic food insecurity and dependence on international food aid.

Yemen: The ongoing conflict in Yemen, exacerbated by political instability, has resulted in one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. The conflict has severely impacted food production and importation, leading to widespread famine-like conditions.)

Environmental changes

ACCOMMODATION FOR FUTURE ACTIONS: The recommendations emphasized collaborative efforts among various governments, international agencies, the private sector, and civil societies in dealing with the complicated food security issues that result from interactions between global trends, politics, and climate change.

Resources list:

https://www.bayer.com/en/agriculture/food-chain-partnershiphttps://www.bayer.com/en/agriculture/sustainable-agriculturehttps://www.cargill.com/foodservice/food-safety-qualityhttps://www.cargill.com/news/food-securityhttps://www.fao.org/3/i5188e/i5188e.pdfhttps://www.fao.org/home/enhttps://www.wfp.org/food-assistancehttps://www.wfp.org/global-hunger-crisishttps://www.who.int/health-topics/food-safety#tab=tab_1Mifsud, M. (2007). CIVIL AND FOOD INSECURITY IN SOMALIA: AN ANALYSIS.Africa: Rivista Trimestrale Di Studi e Documentazione DellIstituto Italiano per lAfrica e lOriente,62(3), 439442. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25734457TANDON, S. and VISHWANATH, T., 2020. The evolution of poor food access over the course of the conflict in Yemen.World Development,130, pp. 104922.

Wicked problems are often characterized by their objective nature, as opposed to being solely subjective, given that they tend to encompass pervasive conditions that generate and perpetuate psychological stigmas, making them particularly challenging to overcome (Crowley, Head 2017).

Climate changes effects range from sea level rise and more frequent extreme weather events to the loss of biodiversity and increased risk of diseases. Climate change impacts every form of life human, plants, and animals. Climate change affects virtually every determinant of health, from clean air and safe drinking water to food. (Adler 2015)

Some of the most profound and direct impacts of climate change over the next few decades will be on agricultural and food systems. Climate change is likely to reduce agricultural production, thus reducing food availability. (Ferry 2008)

WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY?

World Food Security in 1996 defined its three basic dimensions as availability, accessibility, and utilization, with a focus on nutritional well-being. (Berry, Dernini et al. 2015)

Having sufficient food is often associated with food security. However, this is an oversimplification, as achieving food security involves access to food that is sufficient, nutritious, and safe. So, food safety is a key part of food security. (Mukherjee 2021)

WHAT IS FOOD SUSTAINABILITY?

The concept of sustainable diets can play a key role as a goal and a way of maintaining nutritional well-being and health, while ensuring the sustainability for future food security. (Berry, Dernini et al. 2015)

HOW MITIGATE THE PROBLEM?

Sustainability can be considered a precondition for long-term food security the environment, and especially climate and the obtainability of natural resources, are a precondition for the availability of food as well as the preservation of biodiversity. (Berry, Dernini et al. 2015)

Over the last 30 years there has been an increase in food production worldwide. This resulted from an increase in the amount of land under cultivation and from improved yields on existing agricultural lands. (White 2000)

Connecting and sensitizing farmers to sustainable technologies and activities is of utmost importance as they are the ones who can play a major role in implementation of the ecological goals. (Arora 2019)

Resources list:

Adler, A.C., 2015. When your best friend turns on you; the impact of bad Propofol.Journal of anesthesia,29(4), pp. 649.

Arora, N.K., 2019. Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its sustainable solutions.Environmental Sustainability,2(2), pp. 95-96.

Berry, E.M., Dernini, S., Burlingame, B., Meybeck, A. and Conforti P., 2015. Food security and sustainability: can one exist without the other?Public health nutrition,18(13), pp. 2293-2302.

Crowley, K. and Head, B.W., 2017. The enduring challenge of wicked problems.Policy sciences,50(4), pp. 539-547.

Ferry D.K., 2008. Nanowires in Nanoelectronics.Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),319(5863), pp. 579-580.

Head, B.W. and Alford, J., 2015. Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & society 47(6), pp.711-739.

Mukherjee, D., 2021. Food Security Under The Era Of Climate Change Threat.Journal of Advanced Agriculture & Horticulture Research,1(1), pp. 1-4.

White, T., 2000.Diet and the distribution of environmental impact.Elsevier BV.