Introduction to Sociology

Introduction to Sociology

Table of Contents

TOC o "1-3" h z u Task 1 PAGEREF _Toc120186352 h 2Prepare a table in which you identify the key aspects of a micro-sociological and a macro-sociological perspective PAGEREF _Toc120186353 h 2Task 2 PAGEREF _Toc120186354 h 3Introduction PAGEREF _Toc120186355 h 3Evaluate the impact that social factors such as social class, gender, and ethnicity have on an individual and society PAGEREF _Toc120186356 h 3Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc120186357 h 4Task 3 PAGEREF _Toc120186358 h 4The editor of the New Statesman magazine has asked you to write a brief article in which you evaluate sociological explanations for the existence of social inequality PAGEREF _Toc120186359 h 4Reference PAGEREF _Toc120186360 h 6

Task 1

Prepare a table in which you identify the key aspects of a micro-sociological and a macro-sociological perspectiveAspect Define Similarities Difference

Functionalism (Macro) This theory views society from a wider perspective. It depicts that each part of society has a role to play and focuses on the positive side of the values and beliefs of society. The similarity of this theory with others is that all theories look at a matter from a wider perspective. The difference is that it says that in every society there will be negativity but people have to cope and consider the positive ones

Marxism (Macro) This theory focuses on the gap between the workers and the capitalists. Rich people are becoming wealthier and the poor are still poor. This is leading to class conflicts and is exploiting the social system (Frankenberg, 2019). The similarity of this theory with feminism is that it tries to bridge the gap that people face due to inequality It widely focuses on class differences

Feminism (Macro) It advocates the inequalities that women are facing in society. Even though people are becoming educated, inequality still exists in every field from work to the healthcare system. It is similar to marxism as it focuses on equality faced in society. It focuses solely on the inequality faced by women

Symbolic

Interactionism (micro) This theory focuses on evaluating the relationship of humans within society and focuses on the symbols which help in understanding the meaning of the experiences that people have in their life. People work as per their wishes and merely follow the norms set by society. It is similar to functionalism as it views society as a whole and focuses on the behavior of people in every aspect (Chatto-Brown, 2019). It is different because it focuses on the symbols and activities that take place between people.

Task 2IntroductionThe comprehensive assessment of a modern-day society consists of differential attributes such as various social classes, genders, and ethnicity, and collectively they help in the formation of a cumulative society. With the comprehensive assessment of the different factors and individual perspectives, the overall mindset and societal framework can be identified much more easily and this further helps in the aspect of understanding the differential perspective of the society much more effectively (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 2019). The comprehensive evaluation of the differential aspect of class division and other relative societal aspects can also help in apprehending the overall values of the individuals residing in that society. Considering the aspect of altercation and progressive modernization the values and attributes of a society tend to change much more effectively providing a comprehensive aspect of growth and development to different types of individuals. The comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the different classes of societies and the shared values also tend to change and this relatively provides a wider understanding of the overall aspect of society much more effectively. Considering the aspect of an individual is considered a very important aspect as it helps in building overall values and several other abilities (Mennicken and Espeland, 2019). Social factors are considered a very important aspect for an individual considering the aspect of education, level of violence, and forming an effective structure of a community.

Evaluate the impact that social factors such as social class, gender, and ethnicity have on an individual and societyConsidering the aspect of living within a society an individual must adhere to the respective assertion of the social class, classification of the gender, various norms of the society, values, and behavior of the people. Corresponding to the understanding following such norms and regulations of the society collectively helps in obtaining a higher standard of living and helps in ensuring a significant propagative style of life (Rusu, 2020). The different societal factors relatively impact the way of living of an individual considerably hindering the overall prospect of educational values. A society relatively impacts the level of education and the rate of literacy by optimizing the values and the standard of living of the individuals of the society.

Along with this health and other care optimization of the individual residing within a society are largely impacted by the cumulative social factors as it helps in imparting the values and importance of maintaining a quality and healthy lifestyle (Kamoche, 2019). Contextualization with the employment aspect of an individual is generally regarded as the factor dependent upon the individual aspects of the mentality of the individual residents of the society and such aspects are effectively gilded and moderated by the factors influencing the societal aspects much more effectively.

Considering the wider aspect of the societal factors and their relative implication upon society it can be effectively enumerated that the wider aspect of society relatively expands with the inclusion of such factors. These factors relatively help in widening the thought process and enhancing the overall aspect of employability. Along with this it also helps in influencing the aspect of modernization and collective growth much more effectively (Lindsey, 2020). Such a progressive integration of such factors relatively helps in the process of influencing the individual aspect of healthcare and helps in the development of infrastructure much more effectively.

ConclusionSocial factors particularly help in connecting different ethnicities and help in creating a sustainable environment for living and also helps in providing individuals of the society with a comprehensive form of understanding relating to the aspect of standards of living and having a significant form of life. There are certain elements of social factors that provide a significant impact on the lifestyle and other processes of life; such factors can be reflected in the shared values and the culture of the society.

Task 3The editor of the New Statesman magazine has asked you to write a brief article in which you evaluate sociological explanations for the existence of social inequalityInequality can be seen in every field whether it is the workplace or healthcare and in society in general. Inequality takes place when clear racism, homophobia discrimination against disabilities, and differentiation of people based on their income. Functionalism is a theory that refers that every society has norms, rules, and institutions that stand for a purpose that is needed for the survival of a community. Functionalists believe that the norms and values are for the stability of the society and there will be some sort of inequality and dividing into different groups is necessary for a society. According to them, poor people remain poor because they do not work hard and as a result are not successful. According to them, there are health inequalities and every individual must understand their need and work on them to reduce the gap that is formed in healthcare facilities. Rather than waiting for the government to take an initiative or provide subsidies, people should work hard and become financially strong to sponsor their healthcare requirements (Millward and Takhar, 2019). On the other hand, Marxists argue that functionalists only focus on the positive side of society and are ignorant about the negative aspects that exist in the system. According to this theory, the working class has to struggle and there is a gap between capitalists and the workers which can lead to class conflicts (BelairGagnon, 2019). Marxists believe in the collective waste approach and believe that the government should take initiative to reduce inequalities in healthcare facilities and create awareness so that every individual in society leads a healthy life. Government subsidies and free healthcare facilities should be given to the people who are poor and require help.

Feminism is another concept that lies in sociology which highlights the fact that women are deprived of their rights and depend on men for income because it is expected in a traditional nuclear family that a woman should stay at home take care of the family and the man will go out to work (Wilder and Walters, 2019). Women do this unpaid job for years without any holidays and yet they have to depend on men to fulfill their needs. However, radical feminists say that nuclear families are better than single-parent families as theory people share the work.

According to functionalists, single-parent families are better because there are boundaries and they can function without having to take permission for every small thing. Inequality also takes place in this kind of house as boundaries are set for women and they do not get time to take care of their health. Feminism started to advocate the rights of women on different grounds which include political social and economic aspects. Feminism derived by taking ideas from Marxism has placed inequalities based on gender at the higher rank instead of class inequalities. People of lower income groups indeed face discrimination in the case of healthcare facilities but it cannot be ignored that women have been facing inequalities for generations and they are deprived of their social rights.

Health inequalities can only be solved when the collectivist approach is used because due to less education and low-income people are less aware of their rights and do not prioritize health. They are busy earning money so that they can have a home and food to eat. Without the help of the healthcare system and government, it will not be easy to encourage people to become health conscious. The concept of functionalism will not work if society becomes self-engrossed in its activities. It is important to highlight the negative approaches and then make necessary changes so that people living in the community can get their rights and become more sensible.

ReferenceBelairGagnon, V., 2019. Sociology of news work. The international encyclopedia of journalism studies, pp.1-8.

Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L.J., 2019. Epilogue: on the possibility of a field of world sociology. In Social theory for changing society (pp. 373-387). Routledge.

Chattoe-Brown, E., 2019. Does sociology have any choice but to be evolutionary? Frontiers in Sociology, 4, p.6.

Frankenberg, R., 2019. Functionalism and After? Theory and Developments in Social Science Applied to the Health Field. In Health and Medical Care in the US (pp. 21-37). Routledge.

Kamoche, K.N., 2019. Sociological paradigms and human resources: An African context. Routledge.

Lindsey, L.L., 2020. Gender: Sociological Perspectives. Routledge.

Mennicken, A. and Espeland, W.N., 2019. What's new with numbers? Sociological approaches to the study of quantification. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, pp.223-245.

Millward, P. and Takhar, S., 2019. Social movements, collective action, and activism. Sociology, 53(3), pp.NP1-NP12.

Rusu, M.S., 2020. Street Names through Sociological Lenses. Part I: Functionalism and Conflict Theory. Social Change Review, 18(1).

Wilder, E.I. and Walters, W.H., 2019. Quantifying scholarly output: Contribution studies and productivity studies in sociology since 1970. The American Sociologist, 50(3), pp.430-436.

Name of Centre: Croydon College

Learner achievement (please circle)

NB: All learner achievement is provisional until confirmed at the AVA Awards Board.

Level Achieved: L3

Resubmission? Y N

Title of Access to HE Diploma: Health and Human Science

Unit title: Essay Writing Unit code: CBA847

Learner: Tutor/Assessor: Althea Jones

Description of Assignment: This unit will be combined with another unit called Introduction to Sociology.

This unit will assess your ability to structure your essay in order to develop an argument with clarity and your ability to capture your thinking in effective sentences. You will need to show that you have conducted research to develop your thinking. In addition, you will need to write with an appropriate academic tone and clearly reference the material you have used to develop and support your ideas.

Task one: (Essay- word limit 600 words) (AC 1.1)

Evaluate the impact that social factors such as social class, gender and ethnicity have on an individual and society? (600 words)

In order to respond to the above essay title, you should identify and evaluate the ways that

social factors (e.g. social class, gender, ethnicity, norms, values, behaviour, life-style) can affect individuals (e.g. in terms of education, health, attainment, employment) and

the implications this may have for wider society.

Submit a record of discussion with the tutor. You should keep a record of the agreed question and the suggested sources of research. (AC 1.1, 1.3)

Task two: Include evidence of planning of your essay and include a list the sources, the main points discovered from the sources and key quotes. (AC 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 & 2.4)

Task Three: A first draft of your writing. This should be your first attempt to develop your thoughts. You should attempt to use accurate language and your focus should be on the development of your thinking. (AC 1.1, 1.2,1.3, 2.2)

Task Four: Submit your final essay (review, edit and rewrite your essay) making sure you have included the following:

The introduction should state the point of view or hypothesis to be explored.

The conclusion should sum up the points you have made and indicate what your points illustrate.

The essay should have cohesion (links between the points you have made), and there should be balance between points made.

Use appropriate academic tone.

Your essay should include in-text references to your research and a bibliography at the end using standard (e.g. Harvard) conventions. (AC 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2)

If you require further support and guidance please use the OCN London support materials https://www.ocnlondon.org.uk/portals/0/scorm/essay-writing-level-3-access-to-he/content/index.html#/Date set: 5th September 2022 Date for draft submission

(if applicable): Date for final

submission: 25th November 2022

Extension date

(if agreed): Signed by Tutor/Assessor to agree extension:

Date

submitted:

Internal Moderation: Yes / No

Date: Signed by internal moderator: ON TIME/LATE

Learner declaration:

The explanations and evaluations in this work have been developed and written by me.

I have not submitted material copied from the Internet, text books or other sources in place of my own thinking and writing.

When I have referred to the work of others I have done so to discuss, comment on or argue their ideas.

I have kept quotation and paraphrasing to an absolute minimum and only to support points I have made.

I understand that referencing the names of authors whose ideas I have used without including my own interpretation of those ideas, does not meet the assessment criteria

I have not copied the work of my peers.

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Level 3 Unit title: Essay Writing

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria

This is what you will learn on the unit. This is what you must be able to demonstrate that you can do in your assignment in order to achieve the unit.

The learner will: The learner can:

Understand the significance of the essay title in determining the content. Analyse the requirements of the question or task.

Cover the main points, omitting irrelevant detail.

Include material from own research.

Be able to plan and structure essays. Include an introduction which comments on the subject and describes the treatment of it to follow in the essay.

Balance ideas and arguments with evidence and examples.

Use linking sentences in paragraphs to set the new ideas in the context of the argument and the essay as a whole.

Provide a conclusion which sums up the arguments and considers the implications.

Be able to write in an appropriate style. Write in a detached, balanced, and objective manner.

Write formal English avoiding emotive language and colloquialisms.

Know the conventions for acknowledging sources. Acknowledge the work of other authors both during the essay and in a list of references.

Use the conventions of listing sources alphabetically by surname and including the author, title, publisher, date and place of publication.

Part A: Feedback on credit level

AC Credit achieved Location of evidence Tutor/Assessor comments on assessment criteria

(you could also indicate on the work itself where each AC is met)

1.1 Task 1, 3 1.2 Task 2, 3 1.3 Task 1, 2, 3 2.1 Task 2, 4 2.2 Task 2,3,4 2.3 Task 2, 4 2.4 Task 2, 4 3.1 Task 4 3.2 Task 4 4.1 Task 4 4.2 Task 4 Level achieved Tutor/Assessors signature: Date: Resubmission (if applicable) If any of the assessment criteria for this assignment have not been met at Level 3, a resubmission may be permitted. Resubmission must follow the QAA guidelines and be permitted only once.

Requirements for resubmission/new task set:

Date Set: Date due: Date Submitted: Feedback on resubmission:

Level achieved

after resubmission: Tutor/Assessors signature: Date: Tutor/Assessors developmental feedback how will the learner be able to use and improve this study skill on other units and in further study?

Task 1 Essay Title AC 1.1, 1.3

Table for Task 1: Initial Preparation

Question title:

In your own words, explain what the essay question means and what you will have to do in your final essay (150-300 words):

How are you going to begin your research? As a starting point, indicate at least 2 sources here and explain how they are relevant to the essay question.

Source (give full reference) Explain why this is a good source to use for this essay

Task Two - Plan and structure essays. (AC 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4)

Essay Title:

Introduction

Paragraph 1 Balance ideas and arguments with evidence and examples

For

Against -

Paragraph 2 Balance ideas and arguments with evidence and examples

Paragraph 3 Balance ideas and arguments with evidence and examples

Conclusion

Include a list of References - include a list the sources, the main points discovered from the sources and key quotes. (AC 1.3)

Task Three - Improving the First Draft - (AC 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2)

A first draft of your writing. This should be your first attempt to develop your thoughts. You should attempt to use accurate language and your focus should be on the development of your thinking.

Red = not achieved yet

Amber = achieved but could be improved

Green = you are doing this well

Does the essay... Red Amber Green

Cover the main points and leave out irrelevant detail? Include material from the learners own research (minimum 5 sources)? Include an introduction which makes the argument and direction of the essay clear? Balance ideas and arguments with evidence and examples? Present the ideas in a logical order and join them together with linking sentences? Include a conclusion which sums up the arguments and considers implications? Use language which is detached, balanced and objective? Use formal standard English throughout? Use in-text citation accurately to acknowledge sources? Provide a clear reference list, listing sources in alphabetical order and presenting them by using Harvard conventions? Meet the required word count (min 600)? What are you going to do to improve your essay? (List at least 3 points.)

Task 3 DRAFT Copy

Task 4 Final Essay