Network Infrastructure Analysis and Design for Agricultural Sector Start-up

The brief

You are a consultant, and your client is a "start-up" that is developing products for use in the agricultural sector. They presently have an sales office in the Parramatta Central Business District (CBD), a small site office located in the regional city of Bathurst, and a Data Center and Call Centre located in Ultimo. They plan to shortly open three more offices located in the other regional cities of Armidale, Cooma, and Dubbo. Each of these offices will have an identical structure to the Bathurst office.

A diagram showing the network topology of your client's network is shown in Appendix A, with MAC addresses for each device provided in the table that follows in Appendix B

Question 1 (20 marks) — Subnetting

1. [5 marks — ½ page] How can you tell from the diagram below how many subnets you'd need to create? B
2. [10 marks — 1 to 2 pages] Your service provider has given you the 192.168.221.0/24 network. Devise a Fixed Length Subnetting (FLSM) scheme to accommodate all the networks in the diagram (and only those in the diagram). Remember each network needs it's own IP address range (subnet) and Routers are the devices that connect different networks, and hence have a different address, one for each network that Router is connected to. Please ensure that you document each step of this process. Each subnet should include
   • the network address,
   • the broadcast address,
   • the maximum number of hosts supported by the network, and
   • the netmask in dottted-decimal notation.
3. [5 marks — ½ to 1 page] Will your subnetting scheme be able to accommodate the planned new offices in Armidale, Cooma, and Dubbo?
   • If yes, also include these offices in your subnetting scheme
   • If no, provide a brief explanation of what changes could be made to deal with these planned extra networks.

Question 2 (20 marks) — Encapsulation and network traversal

1. [10 marks — 1 to 2 pages] A user logged into PC1 in the Bathurst office on PC1 opens a command prompt and uses the ping command to test connectivity to Printer2 located at the Paramatta CBD site. You should assume that the options given to the ping command ensure that only a single packet is sent.

Explain what traffic this command will create, both directly and indirectly, and how this traffic will affect the ARP caches and/or MAC tables within each device. In your answer, you should assume that the ARP caches and MAC tables in each device are empty before the ping command is run.

For example, if you had a HTTP request originating from HostA with MAC address 46:2D:C0:93:42:AD, and IP address 172.16.3.2, and destined to HostB with MAC address 97:22:51:67:B5:88 and IP address 172.16.3.5, then you could notate the packet as it leaves HostA as follows (note that we don't know enough detail about Layer 5 to say anything other than "HTTP request"): [Ethernet SRC: 46:2D:C0:93:42:AD, DST: 97:22:51:67:B5:88 [IP SRC: 172.16.3.2, DST: 172.16.3.5 [TCP SRC: 49238, DST: 80 [HTTP request]]]

2. [10 marks — ½ to 1 page] There are two possible paths that this traffic could take, via WAN1 or via WAN2. Provide a brief explanation of which path will be taken and why.

Question 3 (20 marks) — Data-Link Layer

1. [2 marks — ~½ page] Some of the switches are marked as "managed", whereas some are marked as "unmanaged". Briefly describe the difference between these two kinds of switches.
2. [3 marks — ~½ page] What impact does the use of managed or unmanaged switches have on addressing within the network?
3. [2 marks — ~½ page] Who is the manufacturer of Switch12 in the Call Center network? How can you tell?
4. [3 marks — ~½ page] The uplink interface of switch 12 (the link from Switch12 to Router8) seems to be made by a different company, why might this be?
5. [5 marks — ~½ page] List the broadcast domains and describe which devices are in each broadcast domain - create a table one row per broadcast domain with each row listing all the devices in that broadcast domain.
6. [5 marks — ~½ page] List the collision domains and describe which devices are in each collision domain - create a table one row per collision domain with each row listing all the devices

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