Please find attached:

Please find attached:

Assignment 3 supplementary the question to answer

Assignment 3 supplementary template a template for your assignment answers

Description of your data set supplementary a description of the data file you will use to answer this supplementary assignment

supfor2207653.RData - the data file you will use to answer this supplementary assignment

liang et al 2020.pdf the journal article you will appraise to answer this supplementary assignment

401077 Introduction to Biostatistics, Spring 2023

Supplementary Assignment 3

(Due Sunday December 3, 2023)

When submitting your assignment to Turnitin you are implicitly ticking these statements:

I retain a backup file of this assignment in case the original file is lost or damaged.

I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other students work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the assignment.

I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been submitted by me in another (previous or current) assessment.

I hereby certify that no part of the assignment has been written or produced by any person.

I hereby certify that no part of this assignment has been made available to any other student.

I am aware that this work will be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection software for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism. This software may retain a copy of this assignment on its database for future plagiarism detection.

I understand that failure to uphold this declaration may result in academic proceedings in line with the UWS Student Academic Misconduct Policy.

Your name:

Your student number:

Question 1:

Provide your appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of the presentation of the statistical material in Liang et al, 2020 against items 10, 12-17 of STROBE (about 400-600 words, 18 marks)

Question 2: Note: Students will get different answers as the data sets differ.

Present the findings of your descriptive analyses (graphs, tables and about 100-150 words, 8 marks)

Present the findings of relevant regression models and inferential analyses (about 150-200 words, 10 marks)

Provide your answer to the research question (40-80 words, 4 marks)

References, optional (0 marks)

Description of your data set

This data file presents hypothetical data from a sample of 513 adults randomly selected from the Upper Volta HIV Registry. These individuals each completed a questionnaire which measured their demographic characteristics, current level of physical activity and current level of depression. The questions on physical activity were converted into a single quantitative measure; hours per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The questions on depression were converted into a quantitative depression score. This depression score could take any value between 0 and 100; with 0 corresponding to the least possible depression and 100 corresponding to the greatest possible depression. Depression scores above 30 were classified as clinically significant depression.

(These data are completely made up. The data do not reflect any real-world measurements or associations. To keep the example simple, assume a 100% response rate and no missing data in any of the questions.)

Within R Commander the data set is called HIV. There are 513 lines and 10 columns.

The variables are:

sex The gender of respondent. Coded as male or female.

age The age in years of respondent.

rel_status The current relationship status of the respondent. Coded as

yes, relationship, or

no relationship.

educ The highest educational attainment of the respondent. Coded as

little for those with less than a high school diploma, or

high school for those with a high school diploma, or

tertiary for those who completed a tertiary certificate or degree.

HIV_dur HIV duration recorded as number of years since HIV diagnosis.

log_HIV_dur The logarithm of the HIV duration.

MVPA The number of hours of moderate to vigorous physical exercise per week.

dep_score The current depression score coded between 0 and 100 where 0 represents minimal and 100 represents maximal depression.

dep_status Respondents current depression status. Coded as

depressed for those with evidence of clinically significant depression or

not depressed otherwise.

yourID your student number. (If this is not your student number you are using the wrong data file!)

401077 Introduction to Biostatistics, Spring 2023

Supplementary Assignment 3

(Due Sunday December 3, 2023)

Please answer each question in the template document provided and submit via Turnitin on or before the due date. The marks allocated to each question are shown in the assignment. A total of 40 marks are available and this assignment is worth 40% of your overall grade.

One of the questions in this assignment ask you to analyse the data set assigned to you for assignments. This is the same data set which you used for Assignments 1 and 2. Read Description of your data set.docx for the descriptions of the variables.

This assignment is assessing your skills, not the skills of the computer. You will need to include graphs from R Commander into your assignment but all other R Commander output will attract 0 marks and is discouraged. It is your task to identify the relevant results in the R Commander output and write these up in your assignment.

Question 1 (18 marks)

Read the paper Liang, L. L., Tseng, C. H., Ho, H. J., & Wu, C. Y. (2020). Covid-19 mortality is negatively associated with test number and government effectiveness. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-7.

Critically appraise of the statistical material in this paper against items 10, 12-17 of the STROBE checklist. Present your review as a 400-600 word (approx.) report.

Notes:

Only review the provided paper Liang et al, 2020. Do not read any other papers.

Restrict your review to how well Liang et al have documented their statistical methods that is, items 10, 12-17 of STROBE only. You may not have to address every item; just describe the major strengths and weaknesses of the authors descriptions of their statistical methods and results.

For each important STROBE item:

state whether you believe the STROBE item is met or not,

support your judgment with proof or examples from the paper, and

describe why this inclusion or exclusion is important / how it will impact on the readers understanding and decision making.

The 400-600 words is a guideline not a rule. There are no penalties for exceeding this guideline.

There are no marks for adding a reference list. Referencing is optional.

Question 2 (22 marks) Note: Students will get different answers as the data sets differ.

Using the data set assigned to you for your Assignments address the following research question:

Is highest educational attainment (variable educ) a statistically significant predictor of depression score (variable dep_score) in the population of from the Upper Volta HIV Registry after correcting for the logarithm of HIV duration (variable log_HIV_dur)? If so, describe this relationship.

Notes:

You should only use the variables dep_score, educ and log_HIV_dur.

Correcting for log_HIV_dur is just including log_HIV_dur in the regression model. When log_HIV_dur is in the model all other variables are corrected for it.

Do report the results of your descriptive analyses

Well labelled graphs can be copied from R Commander

Summary statistics and tables should be manually typed

Summarise the main findings of your descriptive analyses in words and describe how these findings inform your expectations and interpretation of the more complex models.

Do report the results of your statistical inference and/or regression models

Any fitted regression models should be manually typed and described in the text.

Any hypothesis tests should contain all relevant information (use the 5 step method to be sure)

Any other results such as confidence intervals should be manually typed and described in the text.

Summarise the main findings of your regression model and statistical inference in one or two paragraphs.

Do remember to answer the research question

Write a final paragraph which summarises the key findings of your analysis and your answer to the research question.

Do check the Learning Guide for the marking criteria

Do write your answers yourself and keep them private.