School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences
School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences
Examination SESSION 2 (60) DX/AE, 2022
EHR128 Understanding Research
This paper is for Distance (Distance) students.
EXAM CONDITIONS:
Submit via EASTS
3 days (72 hours)
WRITING TIME: 72 hours
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 15
VALUE: 40%
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Your completed exam needs to be submitted within 72 hours (3 days) of the release date and time.
This is your EHR128 Understanding Research take-home open book DX examination. Your task is to answer each question within the prescribed space limit. It must be written in a 12-point font. Answers should NOT exceed the area allotted for each question.
Please, keep in mind that your answers will be scrutinised for plagiarism and copying and pasting from another source. Your responses must be your own. You may use any resources that you require to finish your responses. Please reference sources using APA 7 format whenever necessary, especially if you use direct quotes.
You must upload your completed exam to the EASTS system within 72 hours after its publication, just as in previous assessments. If you have technical difficulties with the upload, please contact Michael Chang at mchang@csu.edu.au.
130810391160STUDENT NAME: _____________________________ STUDENT ID: _________________
SIGNATURE: _______________________________________________________________
00STUDENT NAME: _____________________________ STUDENT ID: _________________
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Not all questions have the same weight.
Question 1
Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper gave key insights into the nature of the scientific endeavour. Define a paradigm shift and explain how refutability works in the scientific enterprise. (2 marks)
Question 2
Explain the fundamental basis of knowledge and how it may be applied to a profession. (2 marks)
Question 3
Explain the distinction between INDUCTIVE and DEDUCTIVE reasoning. (2 marks)
Question 4
What does Thomas Kuhn mean when he says, NORMAL SCIENCE? (1 mark)
Question 5
Explain what sort of statistical test you would use for an experimental design with three groups, each with a measure of performance. Would you also employ a post hoc or multiple comparison test? Why or why not? (3 marks)
Question 6
What is Pearson's correlation? Explain the concepts of magnitude and direction with a diagram.
(2 marks)
Question 7
The table below is an excerpt from the t-distribution for crucial t-values. Following an experiment, the researchers determined that t-observed was 1.77 with a sample size of n = 16.
Using the table, indicate if the experiment's outcome is statistically significant for a one-tailed test.
Explain how changing the sample size affects the degree of significance. Provide your response in writing and also make the necessary markings on the table. (3 marks)
Answer Question 7 here.
Answer Question 7 here.
Question 8
Explain the key distinctions between QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE research methods. Give an example of each. (4 marks)
Question 9
Explain Action research. In your response, compare and contrast Action research with the more traditional scientific method, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. (5 marks)
Question 10
These four political parties received the following proportion of the vote in the previous federal election in the seat of 'ozie ozie ozie oi oi oi':
36% Labor38% Liberal
10% Greens
16% National
A recent opinion survey polled 1000 individuals about their voting intentions in the seat of 'ozie ozie ozie oi oi oi'. The poll's findings were as follows:
374 people indicated that they would vote Labor363 people indicated that they would vote Liberal
97 people indicated that they would vote Greens
166 people indicated that they would vote Nationals
Using the last election as the expected result, conduct a chi-square test and complete the following:
Filling in the table below (1 mark)
Voting intention Observed (O) Expected (E) O-E(O-E)2(O-E)2/ELabor374
Liberal 363
Greens 97
Nationals 166
Table: Critical values of Chi square
What is the value for 2? (1 mark)
What is the number of Degrees of Freedom? (1 mark)
At an alpha level of 0.05, is 2 significant? (1 mark)
Interpret these results with respect to the Null and Alternate hypotheses: (2 marks)
Question 11
The following table is to be used for Question 11 and the associated questions.
Pearson Product Moment
Determine the relationship between push-ups and pull-ups using the data in this table and answer the individual questions below.
Complete the table (1 mark)
Subject Push-ups (x) x2 Pull-ups (y) y2 xy1 11 4 2 10 3 3 17 8 4 11 6 5 19 11 6 12 6 7 18 10 8 19 10 9 13 3 10 4 4 11 8 8 12 10 4 13 15 13 14 16 6 15 10 6 16 19 10 Sum
What is the value for r? (1 mark)
What would the R2 value be and what would it indicate? (2 marks)
Do you have enough information to determine if this a statistically significant relationship? Why, why not? (2 marks)
Question 12
Explain why it is so important to ensure ethical practice in research? (3 marks)
Outline one example of what is today considered an unethical scientific study and explain your response. (2 marks)
Question 13
The images below are from several Olympic marathons over the years. What can be stated about these images as proof of why athletes may collapse at the end of long races? Outline what other concurrent information/evidence you may gather to supplement these images to develop conclusions about the event's consequences. Fill out the text box on the next page with your response. (5 marks)
Legend of philippidesSt Louis Olympic marathon 1904
Dorando Pietri Olympic marathon 1908
Gabriela Andersen-Schiess Olympic marathon 1984
Answer Question 13 here.
Answer Question 13 here.
Question 14
Discuss the importance of examining the impact of research on, rather than with, Indigenous Australian peoples and their communities? Please include both historical context and current challenges in your response. (5 marks)
Question 15
Considering your response to the previous question, describe and summarise the research methodologies you would consider when developing a research partnership with Australian Indigenous peoples and their communities. (5 marks)
END OF EXAMINATION
