Social Determinants of Health & Healthcare Access Assignment

This assignment has 3 parts the first part is creating the questions (10 questions per section), then bringing 4 patients with different medical conditions preferably from 2 different generations.

Then answer the questions for each patient 1,2,3, and 4 by including their details age, medical condition, and tablets they use with the strength.

Then the final report. At the moment I only need you to fix my questions by looking at the notes that I have noted below to further develop my questions and section 2 to answer the questions for patients 1,2,3 and 4.

The report I can submit later after one week.

Assessment 1: Individual Project - Interview guide 3 sections: for this section, I had to do some questions for 4 patients (with medical conditions from 2 different generations.

Notes: in order to fix my questions follow the notes given

• Having a structured interview is much better as it contains closed-answer questions


• Semi-structured interviews, as it provides open-ended questions in order to express what they want to say. = directing the patient


• Be familiar with the topic when asking the questions (provided in the section) and include the services provided for the patient, for example, in the pharmacy or in the area.


• Medication, mention, asking question about how to use the medication,


• Dont respond to any questions related to the patient's medication if unsure; just note them down and ask the pharmacist.


• Check the questions to see if they are open-ended or closed-


• Make sure the questions are in correct order


• What type of information do I want to get from each question?


• Avoid double questions; be specific


• Ask one question at a time If you have 2 parts for the same question, break it into 2 in order to have the appropriate information. To ensure you have single question, not a double


• Close the interview; I would like to add any other information or other


• PHNs services = the student must know what this is not the patient as it is not relavent


• Follow structure to make sure the patient understands (you can change the structure around)


• Avoid baise in the questions; include everyone in the questions


• Simple and concise questions


• Differences between the health services in your country and Australia


• Challenges with medication


• Avoid leading and biassed questions = ask, how is the pharmacist helping you?


• Ask specific questions about the services," for example, what services they


• Active listening; DO NOT REPEAT the questions


• Simplify questions , or make it more specific


• Tell them how long the interview will take, maximum 20

• Section 3: what is the role of the pharmacist on the patients life when managing their mediation? and how the pharmacist is helping you."


• Acute conditions using medication have some patients using few and/or some


• It is not is not necessary to interview the paient; we can interview the career as they have more knowledge about medication management.

Good morning/afternoon, My name is Reta Esho, and I am a Master of Pharmacy student at the University of Technology Sydney. As part of my studies, I am required to conduct interviews with four different patients at my workplace, Chemistworks Wetherill Park. The purpose of these interviews is to gain a deeper understanding of patient rights, responsibilities and check if they are aware of all the medications that they are taking, as well as to expand my knowledge of medication use and management.

Your participation is entirely voluntary; you are free to skip any questions you might find difficult responding to. Please be advised that no names or personal information will be noted or shared; all answers will remain confidential.

Would you be comfortable proceeding with this interview?

• Before starting my interview, I would like to confirm that it is ok with you to conduct it in English. or do you feel more comfortable discussing your health conditions in another language? (Tell the patient that I can speak Arabic, Chaldean, Turkish, and English)


• Can I please start with your name (remain confidential) and date of birth?


• Are you an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?


• Do you have any known medical conditions or allergies (e.g., medications, food, or other substances)?


• Who do you live with? Do you have family or friends who assist you with your healthcare?

Section 1: Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and use of the Australian HealthCare System Social Determinants of Health (SDH):

1. Which social or economic factorslike housing, work, education, or incomedo you believe have had the biggest impact on your health?


2. Have you ever had trouble getting healthcare because of transportation, cost, or service availability?


3. Do you think that the standard of healthcare you receive is impacted by your personal circumstances, language, or cultural background?

Primary Health Networks (PHNs) & Local Health Services:

4. Are you aware of any local health services or programmes (e.g., bulk-billing GPs, community health centers, mental health services) that support people with your health needs?


5. Have you made use of any services provided by the Primary Health Network (PHN) in your area? (for instance, initiatives for preventative health, mental health support, or chronic illness management programmes)


6. Do you think the medical services in your area are fulfilling your needs? Why not?

Gaps & Improvements in the Healthcare System:

7. Have you ever been unable to get medical help when you needed it? If so, what was the reason?


8. Do you think the current healthcare system provides comprehensive care for your health needs, or are there gaps? If so, what could improve it?


9. Do your medical professionals provide you with enough continuing assistance if you have a chronic illness, such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease?


10. In order to better assist you and others in comparable circumstances, what modifications would you like to see made to the healthcare system?

Section 2: Medication management and Professional Pharmacy Services

1. Can you describe how you currently manage your medications? (Consider how you get prescriptions, how you take your medication, and how you store it.)


2. Do you ever forget to take your medication? If so, what strategies do you use to remind yourself?


3. Do you experience any difficulties in accessing your medications (e.g., cost, availability, transportation)?


4. Are you aware of medication management services like Dose Administration Aids (DAAs) or Home Medicine Reviews (HMRs)? Have you used them before?


5. How confident are you in understanding the instructions for your medications (e.g., when and how to take them, possible side effects)?


6. Where do you usually get your prescriptions filled?
   
   
   
   1. Community pharmacy
   
   
   2. Hospital pharmacy
   
   
   3. Other (please specify)
   
   
   
   


7. How do you usually store your medications at home?
   
   
   
   1. In a cool, dry place
   
   
   2. In the fridge, even if not required
   
   
   3. On the kitchen counter or bedside table
   
   
   4. I dont have a specific storage place
   
   
   
   


8. Which of the following pharmacy services have you used before?

• Medication reviews (Home Medicines Review - HMR, MedsCheck)


• Dose Administration Aids (e.g., Webster-paks)


• Medication counseling from a pharmacist


• Vaccination services at a pharmacy


• None of the above

9. If you run out of medication, what do you usually do?
   
   
   
   1. Visit my doctor for a new prescription
   
   
   2. Ask the pharmacist if I can get an emergency supply
   
   
   3. Stop taking the medication until I get a new prescription
   
   
   4. I dont take medication regularly
   
   
   
   


10. Do you know if your pharmacy provides government-funded services under the 8CPA (e.g., medication management programmes, chronic disease support)?
    
    
    
    1. Yes, I have used some of these services
    
    
    2. Yes, but I havent used any
    
    
    3. No, I am not aware of these services
    
    
    
    

Section 3: Role of the pharmacist

1. Has a pharmacist ever played a role in your family's healthcare? If yes, in what ways?


2. Do different family members rely on pharmacists for different reasons? (e.g., chronic disease management, vaccinations, general advice)


3. Has a pharmacist ever given you or a family member medication counselling? To what extent was it useful?


4. Do you believe that, in contrast to other medical professionals, pharmacists are easily accessible? Why not?


5. What changes do you believe pharmacists should make to better assist your family's medical needs?


6. For which of the following services have you or a family member consulted a pharmacist?
   
   
   
   • Prescription medications
   
   
   • Over-the-counter medication advice
   
   
   • Chronic disease management support
   
   
   • Vaccinations (e.g., flu shot, COVID-19 booster)
   
   
   • Medication reviews (e.g., Home Medicines Review)
   
   
   • I have not consulted a pharmacist for any of these
   
   
   
   


7. Who in your family interacts with pharmacists the most?


8. Myself


9. A parent or older family member


10. A child in the family


11. No one regularly interacts with pharmacists


12. How often does your family visit a pharmacist?


13. Weekly


14. Monthly


15. A few times a year


16. Rarely or never


17. If you or a family member had concerns about a medications side effects, what would you do first?


18. Consult a pharmacist


19. Call a doctor


20. Stop taking the medication and wait


21. Search for information online

Do you believe pharmacists should play a bigger role in healthcare beyond dispensing medications?

1. Yes, they should be more involved in chronic disease management and patient education


2. No, their role is sufficient as it is


3. I dont know enough about pharmacists roles to say

Marking criteria

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Assessment 1: Individual Project - Interview transcripts: In this section I need you to write the transcripts and pretend that you have interviewed the 4 patients (4 different generations with diseases look at the notes above) and answer the questions for each section for each patient depending on their medical condintion and the medication they use

Assessment 1: Individual Project - Final report

Intent: The purpose of this task is for students to gain an understanding of the issues and challenges faced by patients when dealing with the health care system: how patients arrange and manage their care, how medical procedures and treatments are funded, and how the pharmacist contributes to improving patients health.

Type: Report Groupwork: Individual Weight: 50%

Task: Students are to interview four patients and assess the health care system and pharmacy factors relevant to each individuals health care.

Length: The report should not be longer than 4 pages (Please refer to the assignment outline for further details).

Due: Week 3: Interview Guide Week 5: Interview Transcripts Week 8: Final Report

Criteria: Please refer to the rubric below.

Further information: Must-submit assessment task.