The Impact Of Alcohol And Other Drugs On Mental Health Assignment
Task 3: Part A
1. Introduction
These studies help to summarise the understanding of knowledge on alcohol and other drugs in a recovery-oriented model to a contemporary case Including assessment, planning, formulation, Models of Case Management, Strengths-Based Perspectives, collaboration, and coordination of services Management for Clients with Special Needs. This assignment discussed topics divided into various parts. The first part will discuss consumers with drug and alcohol issues and their families, challenging discrimination, and minimizing stigma. After the second part, discuss the range of assessments, management, psycho-therapeutic interventions, and referrals applied to consumers with dual diagnosis. Then the third part discusses the knowledge of assessments and the use of therapies and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management in the context of dual diagnosis.
2. Discussion on consumers with drug and alcohol issues and their families, challenging discrimination, and minimising stigma
In our current generation, people are easily affected by alcohol and other drugs mentally and physically. Sometimes the use of these kinds of drugs and alcohol can impact the human body and may cause: poisoning, blackouts, physical and physiological dependence, overdose, and death. Also, this damages vital organs like the heart, brain, and liver. Taking extreme levels of drugs and alcohol is the cause of the inability to remember and learn about their previous information. It is also associated with risk factors as well as physiological problems like several anxiety, frustration, depression, and psychosis (Jaillet Keane 2019). Over time excessive drug use causes skin irritation, exhaustion, dehydration, infections, and various health issues. For the reason of extreme levels Drugs and Alcohol addiction, people are facing numerous health disorders like liver damage, cancer, hepatitis, and other things. The excess level of alcohol use causes damage to the human liver. Not even that excessive taking of prescription drugs causes increased health risks like chronic liver diseases, viral hepatitis, and cancer. They are also facing some external issues like people losing their workplaces, productivity, human behavior, and risk factors. The most sensitive cause is the loss of their bond between their family, friends, and others.
Certain factors like drug and alcohol issues can affect the consumers' families. They are facing numerous challenges and difficulties for these reasons. Drug and Alcohol addiction are the most common things in some families. The reason for this kind of addiction, their families are affected by mental health disorders, discrimination, and minimising stigma. The abusive behaviour of consumers concerns individuals, family members and others. This is also the cause of negative impact on academic work, college life adjustment, and emotional well-being through their dependency and risk-taking behaviour. The alcoholic nature of family members causes negative consequences for their other family members, as a result of drinking addiction spreading. For that reason, they are also facing various consequences and challenges like hangovers, arguments, property damages, injuries, sexual assault, weight gain, trouble, humiliation, insulting, and engaging in unwanted sexual activities. Extreme levels of drug use are causes of people's addiction and dependence including health problems, injuries and accidents, sleep issues, and other things. That's the biggest issue drug-addicted consumers' families are facing. Numerous side effects are happening for these drug addictions like muscle control difficulties, decrease or increase heart rate, short-term memory loss, lack of connections, and other difficulties.
This kind of Drugs and Alcohol addiction affected the family members in various different ways including legally, medically, financially, mentally, and emotionally. For that reason, many counsellors counsel their entire families for stress healing and trauma curing. Their family members are also battling substance use disorder or SUD because of their harmful nature (Kova?evi? et al 2020). The substance's harmful nature is effectively devastating. That's why their families cannot take those kinds of consideration. Children and their families all members are affected by the addiction. The effectiveness of drug and alcohol addiction impacts their families on a short-term and long-term basis. For this reason, their peaceful families are facing abusive behavior and also diplomatic relations between their close friends and families. They also face new traumas with abnormal inhuman behavior, fighting, insulting, dominating, and poking things. They also create various complex problems in their relationship with their families. For example, relatives are also more guarded through their aggressive abusive behaviour. The reason Alcohol and Drugs consume so many marriages end up because in this case communication between each other is more difficult and different, not even that they also highlighted their frustration level so high. That's the main reason drunk cases cause divorce. According to psychology, Drug, and Alcohol addicted family members' children are grown up facing abusive behaviour in their daily lives. That's why they are the main witness of consumers' behaviour. They face various traumas as a witness and sometimes they are also addicted to that addiction at a young age. Addicted parents cause their children addiction on a long-term basis. Through these causes, children are also exposed to their parent's aggressive, abusive, and violent behaviour. People with Drug and Alcohol addiction faced health issues like cancer, stroke, heart decoder, lung cancer, and mental health disorder. Not even their families are also facing those kinds of illnesses genetically or coincidentally because of their negligence. This kind of critical disorder clearly affected addicted people and their families with additional problems in their daily life and creating burdens for their family members. The types of burden are emotional burdens, depression, anxiety, frustration, fear, anger issues, worry, embarrassment, hesitation, quilting, and shamefulness. The effectiveness of long-term Drug use causes children and families health disorders. Young youth of our generation are affected by drug and alcohol addiction and substance use including these effects on gender identity, sexual orientation, family rejections, poor parental monitoring, and other things.
In that case, various different factors influenced discrimination and stigma. Those include media portrayals, experiences, and contacts, ethnicity, race, culture, stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness, and knowledge about substance use, and mental health disorders. In that point stigma refers to belief with attitude and discrimination refers to the result of behaviour. They are applying some minimising stigma for protection from their Alcoholic and Drug consumption. They pressure them to drink nonalcoholic things, avoid drinking with friends, and not buy any kinds of Drugs. If they really want to overcome this kind of drug and alcohol case of stigma and discrimination then they have to obey some rules and regulations to maintain some discipline. Minimising stigma steps are: getting treatment for addicted consumers, not creating shamefulness and self-doubts about them, joining them with support communities, improving themselves, and not isolating themselves. Lastly, learn to speak out against this stigma. Through the use of words, addicted people can easily reduce addiction stigma (Ashford 2019). Those people's first language is important and essential for their stigma reduction. In that case, the most important thing is focusing on those people, not their entire conditions. Through these processes, practitioners teach them how to use languages properly and how to talk with families, relatives, and friends. It's all included in their ability treatment services.
3. Explaining the range of assessments, management, psycho-therapeutic interventions, and referrals applied to consumers with dual diagnosis
Dual diagnosis can be defined as alcohol dependency and also includes more than one other different psychiatric Comorbidity, Alcoholic abuse and several other substances like crack cocaine, opiates, and even nicotine are involved in dual diagnosis. Comorbidity is seen in alcoholics. The long-term outcomes of the assessment focus on the impacts of Comorbidities on educational achievement, occupation, level of functioning, and social relationships.
Patients suffering from alcohol problems, drug addiction, anxiety, and depression should focus on the treatment of alcohol first. If the depressive symptoms continue for two weeks or even more after the treatment of alcohol dependence then the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or tricyclic antidepressant will be beneficial. Supportive psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy with relapse prevention have resulted in positive and efficacious.
People with alcohol dependence or psychotic disorder and drug addiction should be open about their problems. Positive influences, motivation, CBT, family support, and non-confrontational approaches will be very helpful for them (Shoesmith et al 2022). Properly structured settings can offer some benefits for patients suffering from alcoholism and drugs. Another challenge that can be taken to cure comorbid and alcoholic conditions is impulse control disorder.
Comorbidity and dual diagnosis both are referred to when harmful drinking, alcoholic addiction, drugs, and mental health problems all together coexist. Psychiatric disorders, alcoholism, and drug addictions are rising tremendously and are major health problems for every individual. The term dual diagnosis is used and related to this term also comorbidity is considered a better term to be used in this scenario. As per surveys UK and USA, comorbidity rates are quite high and increasing day by day. Different symptoms can be noticed here for example mood swings, anxiety, personality disorder, suicidal thoughts, etc.
The importance of individualized and comprehensive management was identified for a long time, but several conflicting management models have evolved. Among these models, the integrated management model has been accepted as a norm. The integrated model prioritizes treatment on two or more conditions simultaneously and also includes multiple treatment methods such as the fusion of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
3.1 Psycho-therapeutic interventions
Psychotherapeutic interventions are defined as ways of interacting with those patients having the potential to promote patient growth. Psychotherapeutic interventions can be divided into three techniques that are soft, hard, and expressive techniques.
Soft techniques: In this technique, gentle techniques are used to allow the patients to react rather than forcing them something to do.
Hard techniques: These techniques are considered to be hard and painful technique. This technique is said to be uncontrollable, dramatic, and painful. Soft and hard techniques include charging the patients by supporting breathing and the dissolvement of the body shell. This technique gives the energy to flow into the emotions and moves the patient to perform actions.
Expressive technique: Here the embodied experience of the patient's psychodrama has been witnessed. Psychological regression and the expression of emotions of patients can be seen here. The advantage of this technique is delicacy and mildness. Here therapist keeps in touch with the patients closely, communicates, and care both are given by the therapist.
The pharmacological treatments are focused on neurobiological changes that include mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and anxiety disorders. Psychosocial treatments are considered as a stand-alone treatment for patients with dual diagnosis. The narrow benefits associated with psychosocial interventions to commonly use medical treatments involve a reduction in relapse.
3.2 Management strategies for dual diagnosis
Pharmacological treatment: The mainstay for the treatment of drugs and psychiatric illness involves the use of appropriate mood stabilizers, anti-depressants, and antipsychotics(Gibson et al 2023). The most important pharmacological treatments for management include treatments like medications for speedy and quick recovery. Proper medications will cure the addiction and reduce the cravings. Many health institutions and psychiatrists and doctors approval is proven that pharmacological management in dual diagnosis is one of the best treatment methods.
Non-pharmacological treatment: These involve a number of approaches.
- Psychosocial treatment: There are several psychological interventions for example motivational interviewing, motivation enhancement therapy, family intervention, relapse prevention counselling, cognitive behaviour therapy, contingency management, and other behaviour therapies etc (Calati et al 2023). Newer therapies involve treatments like mindfulness-based approaches for the reduction of stress, and relaxation techniques.
- Somatic treatments: This treatment includes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), biofeedback for anxiety, and rTMS for depression.
3.3 Psychosocial Assessments
Dual disorder treatments like any mental illness include a team of multidisciplinary which consist of psychiatrists, counsellors, psychologists, and social workers of various roles, for example, psychotherapists, case managers, and student counsellors. The detailed dual diagnosis assessment is completed in a separate article. In this study, we will cover the assessment in brief.
3.4 Models of treatment
People are suffering from comorbidity falls between the cracks of general psychiatric and addiction specialist service. The addiction services culture is to provide help to clients who show interest of to be cured. General psychiatric services don't cure all patients, including patients who behave reluctantly and further they are detained under the act of mental health. The patients are gradually seen to get lack family attention which also includes residential care. Several treatment models evolved for the treatment of comorbidity. The serial treatment model is considered to treat people suffering from substance misuse and psychiatric disorder in different settings and services; for example, patients were given first priority in the general service of a psychiatrist and after recovering they are referred to the service of special addiction.
4. Applying the knowledge of assessments and use of therapies and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management in the context of dual diagnosis
Certain factors like drug and alcohol issues can affect the consumers' families. Drug and Alcohol addiction are the most common things in some families. The reason for this kind of addiction their families are affected by mental health disorders and discrimination. Dual diagnosis can be defined as alcohol dependency and also includes more than one other different psychiatric Comorbidity. Alcoholic abuse and several other substances like crack cocaine, opiates, and even nicotine are involved in dual diagnosis. Comorbidity is seen in alcoholics. The long-term outcomes of the assessment focus on the impacts of Comorbidities on educational achievement, occupation, level of functioning, and social relationships. That's the biggest issue drug-addicted consumers' families are facing. Numerous side effects are happening for these drug addictions like muscle control difficulties, decrease or increase heart rate, short-term memory loss, lack of connections, and other difficulties. The abusive behavior of consumers concerns individuals family members and others. This is also the cause of negative impact on academic work, college life adjustment, and emotional well-being through their dependency and risk-taking behavior. Dual diagnosis therapies refer to the treatment of patients for mental illness and substance use disorders to stop those effects. Integrated intervention is the best therapy for dual diagnosis. When victim consumers receive proper treatments with care for their substance abuse and mental illness, they automatically recover their conditions. Dual diagnosis is based on several therapies for the recovery phase, including medication therapy, behavioral therapy, support therapy, or care therapy (MacLeay et al 2020). Behavioral therapy is based on behavior to treat them better for their co-occurring disorders. Through these therapies, they easily heal those disorders. This therapy included contingency management or CM, cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT, motivational interviewing and enhancement, and lastly brief intervention. People with alcohol dependence or psychotic disorder and drug addiction should be open about their problems (Vasiliu 2020). Patients suffering from alcohol problems, drug addiction, anxiety, and depression should focus on the treatment of alcohol first. Dual diagnosis is basically an older clinical term, that's co-occurring use of substances and mental health disorder. Sometimes co-occurring disorders are called CODs. These kinds of disorders are simultaneously spreading and affecting the same addicted people and overlapping their brain areas. It is clear that this kind of diagnosis is quite difficult and complex. Because of these reasons, affected people need some extra professional treatments for a better recovery. In this treatment, professionals are giving them betterment and addressing those personal substance and psychological use disorders at the same place and time.
Pharmacological management helps to console addicted people and heal their disorders. This is a critical clinical entity that is based on drug and alcohol dependency. Their management is providing those addicted people's physiatric medication treatment for their peaceful mindset and mental healing. Not only that, this is giving different kinds of treatment for patients in diagonal cases. Mentally and emotionally depressed consumers need antidepressants, and mood-stabiliser treatments highly preferable for mood swings patients. Best part of this treatment is they are also helping to heal those patients through antipsychotics and other treatments. The effectiveness of these therapy addicted people is widely investigated with the most controversial result. This is the treatment for addicted consumers, not to create shamefulness and self-doubts about themselves, joining them with support communities, improving themselves, and not isolating themselves. It also helps to justify professional actions. Pharmacological management focuses on drugs affecting the human body. They are finding the solutions against these drugs and then their professionals prescribe those drug-addicted people specific medicine for their problems. Their main goal is a healthy life for their patients. In this current generation, various different types of medicines are available for healing these kinds of critical disorders. Various types of drugs are collected in those dual-diagnosis cases. Not only did they search this term they also collected numerous databases for their affection process. This treatment includes relevant pharmacological treatment that affects people that are based on physical disorders and AUD. Different kinds of treatment are given in those incentive cases. It's associated with the risk of increasing psychiatric disorders.
Non-Pharmacological diagnosis based on formal physiological therapy. This therapy included various different kinds of treatments like CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy, optimal body weight maintaining therapy or psychosocial therapy, family intervention therapy, rehabilitation therapy, and other things. Three types of Non-Pharmacological therapy are used in diagnosis that is music therapy or MT, validation therapy or VT, and reminiscences therapy or RT (Reilly et al 2019). These therapies are basically used for diagnosing patient intervention through decreasing anxiety, depression, fear, frustration, and stress and reducing pain. Although this therapy helps those patients' scenes of control, sometimes mental illness causes dual diagnosis. Non-pharmacological diagnosis helps to overcome these situations very carefully. At first, they investigate patient conditions, then they start treatment for them and maintain their treatment in an adjunctive way. They suggested that patients reduce mental illness cures through exercise, lifestyle measurement, sleep, and other things. Enhancing clinical outcomes is also part of these treatments. During this therapy time, patients need to agree on their management strategy in this treatment period. They are trying to do a mental status assessment at this stage. The best dual diagnosis treatments for non-pharmacological management are based on different kinds of criteria including integrated approaches for the diagnosis, patient treatment, individual treatment plans, utilization, recovery processes, residential treatments, and other things.
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