Validation of NACA 0012 using Numerical and Experimental

Module Title:Computational Aerodynamics-1

Module Code:ENGA3004

Module Leader:Dr. Dani Harmanto

Tutor:

Coursework Assignment No:2

Assignment Title:

Validation of NACA 0012 using Numerical and Experimental

Weighting:60%

Issue Date:1st February 2023.

Hand-in Date:15th March 2023 (12:00).

Introduction

In this coursework, you will carry out numerical and experimental study of fluid flow in a NACA 0012 using the commercial CFD package ANSYS FLUENT and gather data from wind tunnel experiment. You will need to analyse and discuss the numerical results based on your understanding of the fluid flow. Undertaking this assignment will enable you to understand, establish and apply the principles of CFD in solving engineering problems

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this assignment, the student should be able to:

LO2: To gain extensive practical skills in using DATCOM and software packages for panel and vortex lattice methods including using CFD software packages via appropriate case studies.

The Brief

NACA 0012 is commonly used for the validation both numerical and experimental analysis. This analysis is also a fundamental knowledge in aerodynamics. Furthermore, there is large body of work to review that covers the NACA 0012. Some literature reviews have already been placed in the Computational Aerodynamics-1 module under Additional Journal folder of Assignment 2 folder. Please kindly read the journal papers and try to search other literature on the web.

You are asked to work as individual to simulate and analyse the validation of NACA0012 under different flow conditions using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R1 and windtunnel.

You MUST attend the wind tunnel experimental in groups to get the data for the numerical study. You will be required to convert the excel data produced the wind tunnel experiment and it might be helpful to see the visual graph produce by manometer.

The geometry, domain, and mesh of a NACA 0012 will be guided by the research from journal papers and that is your entirely your choice.

Assuming that the fluid is air, you will need to find the values of dynamic viscosity and density of air (given a constant temperature). The value can be taken from the Engineering toolbox website or other sources such as the weather station located in the wind tunnel room (this must be referenced) and it should be based on room temperature recorded on the weather station. You must decide which air temperature your simulation will be based on.

The NACA 0012 profile can be downloaded from number of websites (e.q. Airfoiltools.com) and MUST be imported and modelled using the ANSYS FLUENT modeller. All simulations MUST BE 2D (two-dimensional simulations only). You should read and follow the guidance in every step to ensure that you will understand the work require for the assignment before attempting your assignment.

Three analyses need to be conducted based on 0, 5 and 15 degrees of Angle of attack with pressure based and steady state as the standard simulation. As the wind tunnel will produce maximum 32 m/s velocity therefore you will apply this inlet velocity in the simulation and calculate the Reynolds number and the domain size chosen must base on research. The turbulent modelling will be K- turbulent model.

The mesh size suggested would be up driven by the research that you are reading.

Full analysis using Reynold number, as specify previously, are needed after the optimum mesh setup is chosen. You will be required to produce graph of pressure coefficient, Velocity, coefficient of drag and coefficient of lift.

Your graphical result should have pressure, velocity both vector and contour.

You will need to discuss the comparison and validate between the CFD simulations with experimental data together with the literature review.

Based on your work, write a full technical report subjected to a 3000-word limit and submit the ANSYS project file.

Guideline for the report structure

The structure may include:

- Cover page including name

- Abstracts.

- Contents including figure list and table list.

- Introduction.

- literature review.

- CFD setup.

- Discussion result.

- Critical analysis

- Conclusions.

- Recommendations.

- References

- Appendices.

The BOLD wording is where the word count will be applied.

Detail requirement:

Third person must be used in the report. Since this is a standard and technical report therefore the word I, we, they and another first person IS NOT allowed.

Equation edition or similar tools for typing formulas MUST be used.

Maximum word 3000 for the report.

Correct citation of references and proper numbering of equations and figures.

References MUST BE provided and follow Harvard style or IEEE referencing system.

The final report needs to be submitted through the e-submission point within the module blackboard before the deadline under ASSESSMENT folder.

DO NOT MISS THE DEADLINE FOR THIS E-SUBMISSION.

Detailed requirement:

The Introduction section should focus on relevant background information, relevant literature, and real-life applications to highlight current research, challenges and importance of this topic.

The Method section should present how to select the physical models,computational domain, meshing details and boundary conditions. Itshould include the theory/formulae/any hand calculation if appropriate.It should cover all information, which enables other people to reproduceyour work.

The Results section should detail the numerical simulation results. You need to use geometric displayer, mesh displayer, scalar displayer, vector displayer and streamline displayer to show your results. It is necessary to use fluid dynamics concepts and principles correctly to explain the results. The plot diagram will need to be required included on the report.

(HINTS: DO NOT INCLUDE IMAGES ONLY, YOU ALSO NEED DESCRIPTIONS/EXPLANATIONS; DO NOT USE ANSYS FLUENT SCENES AS SUBSECTION TO ORGANISE RESULTS).

The Discussion and Critical analysis sections should demonstrate your critical analysis about the CFD technique, fluid dynamics principles, cross comparison with published data, and its implication for applications. You may investigate the effect of certain important factors under different flow conditions

The Conclusion section should briefly summarise what you have obtained from this simulation exercise.

Reference MUST be provided and follow Harvard style or IEEE referencing system.

Marking allocation and criteria

1). Correct format (10%)

The whole report should be logically structured and follow the format of a full engineering report. Correct citation of reference and proper numbering of equations and figures. Interesting background information and updated literature survey.

2). Literature review (15%)

Literature review from reputable source (preferably from Sciencedirect.com) will be required on this task. This can be used as supporting for or against argument.

2). Method (25 %)

Correct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) terminology should be used to introduce CFD method correctly. Appropriate boundary condition is selected. Meshing scheme is explicitly explained.

3). Results (15%)

A validation case is included. Mesh independence test is presented. Logical organisation of results. Reasonable usage of geometric, scalar, vector and streamline scenes in Ansys Fluent. High quality images with necessary annotation. Correct application of fluid mechanics to interpret the simulation results. Comparison with hand-calculation if appropriate.

4). Critical Discussion and Conclusion (30%)

A critical evaluation of result and critical analysis of fluid mechanical principle. Conducts cross comparison with published data by citing correct references. Explore the reason for obtained results and show the logic behind the reasoning.

Understanding and Managing Coursework Assessment Checklist

This brief checklist is designed to help you avoid some of the common mistakes which can lose marks on your coursework. After you have completed your coursework assignment, then check through your work and tick off each point once you are sure you have fully addressed that aspect.

YOU NEED TO THEN SUBMIT THE COMPLETED CHECK LIST WITH YOUR COURSEWORK.

FORMCHECKBOX Have you utilised the assessment brief to ensure you have correctly addressed the coursework grading criteria?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you checked your content is correct and up-to-date, through use of at least one peer-reviewed reference (not Wikipedia!)?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you cited the reference(s) you have used in the correct format?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you used a colour scheme which is easy to read?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you got a good balance between the amount of text and the number of pictures/figures/tables/diagrams?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you labeled all figures/tables and diagrams?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you included an introduction and conclusion?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you used a Table of Contents and glossary of terms?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you used an appropriate front sheet?

FORMCHECKBOX Have you proof-read your work and checked your spellings and punctuation?

Faculty of Computing, Engineering & Media (CEM)

Coursework Brief 2022/23

Module name: Computational Aerodynamics-1

Module code: ENGA3004

Title of the Assessment: Validation NACA0012

This coursework item is: (delete as appropriate) Summative This summative coursework will be marked anonymously: (delete as appropriate) No

The learning outcomes that are assessed by this coursework are:

LO2: To gain extensive practical skills in using DATCOM and software packages for panel and vortex lattice methods including using CFD software packages via appropriate case studies

This coursework is: (delete as appropriate) Individual If other or mixed ... explain here:

This coursework constitutes 60 % of the overall module mark.

Date Set: 31/01/2023

Date & Time Due (the deadline): 24/03/23 at 12.00

In accordance with the University Assessment and Feedback Policy (https://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/quality-management-and-policy/academic-quality/learning-teaching-assessment/assessment-feedback-policy.aspx), your marked coursework and feedback will be available to you on: 20/04/2023

You should normally receive feedback on your coursework by no later than 20 working days after the formal hand-in date, provided that you have met the submission deadline

If for any reason this is not forthcoming by the due date your module leader will let you know why and when it can be expected. The Associate Professor Student Experience (CEMstudentexperience@dmu.ac.uk) should be informed of any issues relating to the return of marked coursework and feedback.

When completed you are required to submit your coursework via:

Assessment folder (Mark as Assignment 2) link in the Blackboard.

If you need any support or advice on completing this coursework please visit the Student Matters tab on the CEM Blackboard shell.

Late submission of coursework policy:

Late submissions will be processed in accordance with current University regulations (https://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/quality-management-and-policy/academic-quality/academic-regulations-assessment-boards/academic-regs-assessment-board-homepage.aspx) which state:

the time period during which a student may submit a piece of work late without authorisation and have the work capped at 40% [50% at PG level] if passed is 14 calendar days. Work submitted unauthorised more than 14 calendar days after the original submission date will receive a mark of 0%. These regulations apply to a students first attempt at coursework. Work submitted late without authorisation which constitutes reassessment of a previously failed piece of coursework will always receive a mark of 0%.

Academic Offences and Bad Academic Practices:

These include plagiarism, cheating, collusion, copying work and reuse of your own work, poor referencing or the passing off of somebody else's ideas as your own. If you are in any doubt about what constitutes an academic offence or bad academic practice you must check with your tutor. Further information and details of how DSU can support you, if needed, is available at:

http://www.dmu.ac.uk/dmu-students/the-student-gateway/academic-support-office/academic-offences.aspx

and

http://www.dmu.ac.uk/dmu-students/the-student-gateway/academic-support-office/bad-academic-practice.aspx

Tasks to be undertaken:

You are asked to model, deep research and analyse flow characteristics around NACA 0012 using Numerical ANSYS FLUENT and Wind tunnel experimental using variation conditions. The focus of analysis is to critically evaluate and validate the NACA 0012 and the effect of the flow to object behind it in term of pressure and result under different angle of attack.

Deliverables to be submitted for assessment:

Written report maximum 3000 words (please see detail on the next page)

How the work will be marked:

Item Marks

Presentation

Presentation of the written report (structure, grammar, spelling, coverage, etc.) 10%

Literature review

Supporting evidence of the literature review. 15%

CFD Setup

It should present how to select the physical models, computational domain, meshing details and boundary conditions 25%

Discussion

Discuss on the result of the result. Justification if required. 15%

Critical Analysis

should demonstrate your critical analysis about the CFD technique, fluid mechanical principles, cross comparison with published data 20%

Conclusion

Short conclude paragraph on Numerical and experiments based on the result. 10%

References

At least 8 academic references 5%

Total 100%

Module leader/tutor name: Dr. Dani Harmanto

Contact details: Dani.Harmanto@dmu.ac.uk

Should you need any further information or advice please email cemadvicecentre@dmu.ac.uk