BIOB111Chemistry And Biochemistry Assignment

Task

The Written Assignment is comprised of two parts:

• Part A – Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathways (60 marks, 900 words +/- 10% including in-text citations)
• Part B – Excess Carbohydrate intake, Obesity and Diabetes (30 marks, 600 words +/- 10% including in-text citations)

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the major constituents of foods and serve as fuel molecules for the human body. In the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically. The rise in obesity is thought to correlate with the increased intake of added sugar and/or the large scale consumption of “junk food”. As a student of Chemistry and Biochemistry you have been asked to explain why John, who is 18 years old, is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. John consumes a large amount of fried chips (carbohydrate rich meal) with most meals and weighs 40 kg more than the recommended weight for his age. In your explanation, outline the processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrate.

Part A. 

Explain the metabolic pathways/processes involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the carbohydrate rich meals that John consumes. Chemical energy is trapped in the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules. Using metabolic pathways explain how the energy trapped in carbohydrate is made usable in the form of ATP for cellular functions and biosynthetic processes and metabolic response to excess carbohydrate (Word limit =900 words). Minimum 6 pathways.

Part B.

Explain how John’s over-consumption of carbohydrate rich meals has caused him to become obese (excess body fat stored in the adipose tissue) and why he is now at risk of developing type II diabetes by:

1. Provide background information about the disease(s) and condition(s) - Obesity and Diabetes) and how the disease(s) and condition(s) are linked excess carbohydrate intake.
2. Link how the flow of excess carbohydrate through the above metabolic pathways (Part A) could generate the disease(s) and condition(s) (Word limit = 600 words).

The above question provides problem-solving scenario that focus mainly on carbohydrate metabolism. A careful presentation of the assessment allows critical understanding of metabolic pathways at the level of the cell and how these pathways, when unsettled, can contribute to, or be affected by a range of metabolic disorders. Answer the question in detail as outlined in the task-specific guidelines provided. Use clear and concise, scientific English. Refer to the end of the document for references that can assist with your writing style; your research and writing in scientific English, and research technique. Please read and follow the marking guide on page 11 carefully to understand the assessment criteria, and ask your lecturer, online tutor, or librarian if you have further queries.

PART A

Select a minimum 6 of the most appropriate carbohydrate pathways necessary under excess carbohydrate intake scenario in the correct sequence order. If unsure seek the assistance of your lecturer.

Carbohydrate
Metabolic Pathways
Carbohydrate Digestion and
Absorption
The citric acid cycle (CAC)
Glycolysis
The electron transport chain
(ETC)
Oxidative phosphorylation (OP)
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipogenesis*
Fat storage in the adipose
tissue

Table 2. Preselected Pathways. If hesitant to choose 6 pathways, use this pre-set list of pathways to write the assignment

1. Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathways
2. Digestion & Absorption
3. Glycolysis
4. Citric Acid Cycle
5. Electron
6. Transport Chain
7. Oxidative
8. Phosphorylation
9. Glycogenesis
10. Lipogenesis

Table 3. As part of your research Prepare an Information Summary Table as you do your reading and put them together in an essay form

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