Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL) IT Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Task

Demonstrate the application of formalisms to specify system properties using temporal logics like Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL)Use tools and analysis techniques to study and reason about critical properties of the concurrent systems, including security protocolsConsider the following five-step communication protocol with symmetric key, which is known as Needham-Schroeder protocol used to secure an insecure network. The protocol involves the principals A (initiator) and B (responder), and an authentication server S.

Step 1: Machine A sends a message to Server S, intending to communicate with Machine B, where NA is a Nonce generated by Machine A.

A -> S : A, B, NA

Step 2: Server S sends message back to the Machine A containing KAB, and one more encrypted copy of KAB which will be send to the Machine B by the Machine A. KA and KB are the Keys of A and B shared with S, respectively. KAB is a secret session key for A and B provided by S.

S -> A : {NA, B, KAB, {KAB,A}KB} KA

Step 3: Machine A forwards {KAB, A}KB, encrypted copy of KAB from Step 2, to the Machine B. With the key it has, Machine B can decrypt it. This is because the message has been encrypted by S with the symmetric key KB of the Machine B.

A -> B : {KAB,A}KB

Step 4: Machine B replies to the Machine A by sending a nonce value encrypted by KAB, confirming that machine B has the secret session key provided by the server S.

B -> A : {NB}KAB

Step 5: Machine A then performs a simple operation on the machine B's nonce and returns it to the Machine B just to verify that Machine A has the key.

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