NURS 3045 Nursing Context of Practice: Primary Health Care
- Subject Code :
NURS-3045
- University :
University of South Australia Exam Question Bank is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university.
- Country :
Australia
NURS 3045 Nursing Context of Practice: Primary Health Care
Assessment 1: ePortfolio part one
Local Australian community geographical location
The Playford City Council is one of the fastest growing councils in South Australia. It is a local government area (LGA) located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide S.A., which homes 94,000 culturally diverse residents. The Playford City Council is comprised of a mayor and fifteen councillors.
2. Identifying and analysing of the problem
The City of Playford in 2016, was classified as one of the most disadvantaged urban local government areas in Australia (Thomson, S. et al. 2020, pp.492-499). A large health problem that is identified in this area is mental illness. It was found in a study that 13.1% of residents in the Playford LGA were living with a mental illness (Cairney, I. et al. 2015, pp. 233-235). The main factors contributing to poor mental and physical health include below average educational accomplishment, increased unemployment rates, mortgage or rental stress, unsafe neighbourhoods, and increased rates of domestic violence and alcohol and drug use abuse. Research shows that there is a trend in diseases, consequent from socioeconomics (Thomson, S. et al. 2020, pp.492-499). Transgenerational trauma and social marginalisation are evident in levels of psychiatric morbidity and play a role in the current life expectancy gap between those living in the northern suburbs compared to those living in Adelaides more advantaged suburbs.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020-21) reports that of Australians aged 19-85 years, 8.6 million people or 44% of the population have had a mental illness in some point of their life, and 4.2 million people have had a mental illness in the last 12 months. In South Australia in 2007-08, approximately 190,800 people or 12% of the population reported they have a long-term mental illness identified by a health professional. Most commonly diagnosed were mood problems such as depression which accounted for 68% of the group. 31% of the group had a diagnosed anxiety related problem and about 50% had other mental illness relating to cognition, perceptions, emotional state, and behaviour (ABS-2007-08). From the findings it is evident that South Australia recorded the highest percentage of mental illness, followed by Queensland and ACT, Western Australia, Tasmania, then NSW and Victoria with the least percentage of mental illness diagnosed.
A study by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2010) found that approximately 72,600 South Australians used prescribed and non-prescribed medications to treat their mental illness. Approximately 20% of those South Australians took prescribed anti-depressants, 6% took prescribed medications for anxiety and/or nerves. Another 6% took prescribed sleeping tablets and 11% took vitamins, minerals and/or herbal treatments (ABS 2007-08). In the past decade, the per capita spending under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and the Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (RPBS) on mental-health related medications has consistently significantly increased in South Australian than in any other state. In South Australia in 2008-09 there were 173,809 prescriptions written by psychiatrists for mental illness related prescriptions. By non-psychiatrists, there were 1,735,738 mental illness related scripts written. In the same year in South Australia, the average benefit paid by the PBS/RPBS was $40.12 per capita on mental illness, this cost is significantly higher than the national average of $34.33 per capita (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010).
3. Defining the target group
In the Playford LGA there are many target groups to consider who are impacted by mental illness ranging from different age groups, genders, cultural and vulnerable groups. In the last ten years, South Australia has resettled over 151,134 refugees under the humanitarian program. It was found that of all those refugees, 2,158 or 3.2% were relocated to the Playford LGA (Barbaro, B. et al. 2013). Refugee groups face high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and other psychiatric problems that arise during and post-migration. The study found rates of mental illness in refugees varied from 3-54% in the LGA (Posselt, M. et al. 2017, pp. 1-17).
4. Defining the causes of the causes
4.1. Individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem
In the northern suburbs of Adelaide, which includes the Playford LGA, substance abuse is largely present issue. In a study conducted by Gattley, C. et al. (2017) recognises comorbidity between mental health and substance abuse disorder based in the northern suburbs of Adelaide. Studies show that mental health and alcohol and other drug problems are a significant risk factor for refugee youths. The northern Adelaide suburbs including Playford are of low socio-economic status, that factor in addition to the lifestyle factor of exposure to alcohol and other substances to the refugee youth residing in the area, explains the comorbidity between mental illness and substance abuse disorder in the area.
4.2. Determinants of health of LOCAL Australian community influencing the target groups health problem
Refugees migrating to Playford LGA face many social and economic factors that determine their health. Research shows that refugees have a higher incidence of mental illness or psychiatric problems post migration. Refugees of various ages are mentally affected by many factors prior to migration. Before leaving their home country they may be exposed to many traumatic events including war, torture, forced migration and even exile. The uncertainty of how they will live in the country they are seeking refuge is also an addition of trauma for refugees. All events lead to mental distress therefore adding to the incidence of PTSD and depressive disorders. The exposure to torture is the main element in symptoms of PTSD. Refugees also have the fear of being accepted and with that comes the factor of racism and discrimination. When migrating there are three main aspects of transition, the first being changes in social ties. Where a person experiences a loss or change of the people in which they devote their time to, the refugee may have challenges in reconstructing social networks. Also, the challenges faced in moving from one socio-economic system to another, having to find employment and adjust to the differences in the economy. And lastly, the shift from one cultural system to another. If a person is left feeling powerless and uncertain, this can lead to depression and other mental health problems (Posselt, M.T., 2016). Refugees migrating to the Playford LGA are already at risk of having poorer mental health prior to migration, therefore the whole lifestyle change that arises from having to move countries to seek refuge is a huge factor contributing to poor mental health, as they are vulnerable to social and economic isolation, and racism (Rosso, E. et al. 2016, pp. 105-110).
5. State the target groups access to health care issues
Access to healthcare is vital in the delivery of healthcare services. To ensure adequate service delivery performance, it is important that consumers have access with ease to appropriate services that coincide with their needs (Levesque, JF. et al. 2013). Refugees in the Playford LGA face considerable barriers in accessing services and treatments for mental illness and it is common that young refugees are less likely to present to support services for mental illness (Posselt, M. et al. 2017, pp. 1-17). To seek and to use healthcare services requires accessibility and ability. Levesque, JF (2013) explains the five components of accessibility as, Approachability, Acceptability, Availability, Affordability and Appropriateness. The five components of ability are Ability to perceive, Ability to seek, Ability to reach, Ability to pay and Ability to engage. One example of a barrier to accessing healthcare is cost, which is notably the fourth component of accessibility and ability. While 77% services are being bulk billed and Medicare bulk billing rates in South Australia are at a high, research shows that Playford residents experience prolonged seeking medical assistance due to the cost (Barbaro, B. et al. 2013).
6. State the partnerships opportunities
Partnering with consumers is essential in the effectiveness of service design, delivery, evaluation, and governance. Partnering with consumers can take place on individual, organisational and system levels. (Scholz, B. et al. 2018, pp. 3622-3629). Registered nurses are able to partner with consumers and act as representative influences on the community. One of the main issues in refugees accessing services is lack of awareness of available services. Mental health services are available although there is a disconnect between services and consumers. In relation to refugees, registered nurses can partner with migration agencies and settlement support agencies outside of the health care sector to provide refugees with education about options for where to seek mental health help and advice (Posselt, M. et al. 2017, pp. 1-17). Registered nurses also have the opportunity to partner with general practitioners to deliver mental health care and treatments to patients in need. Inside of the health care sector there is opportunity for registered nurses to partner with organisations who deliver mental health services. This includes organisations such as Beyond Blue, Sonder and headspace for example. Nurses have the opportunity to gain employment through these organisations and use their clinical expertise to provide adequate support to people in need of mental health services (Happell, B. et al. 2012, pp. 202-210).
7. State the health problem statement
Mental illness is an increasing health problem which can lead to long term health issues. In the City of Playford, 13.1% of residents are living with mental illness, it is known that people from a lower socio-economic background are more likely to suffer mental illness.
Reference List
ABS 2007-08b,National Health Survey: Summary of Results; State Tables, 2007-2008(cat. no. 4362.0)
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2020-21, National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, ABS, viewed 9 February 2023, .
Australian Government, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010, Mental health services in Australia 2007-08, viewed date <http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/hse/88/11415.pdf>, viewed 9 February 2023
Barbaro, B., Crossman, S., Hordacre, A.L. and Spoehr, J., 2013. City of Playford. Socio-demographic, employment and education profile.
Cairney, I., Galletly, C., de Crespigny, C., Liu, D., Moss, J. and Procter, N., 2015. Stopping the run-around? A study of services for people with comorbid mental health and substance use disorders in northern Adelaide.Australasian Psychiatry,23(3), pp.233-235.
Happell, B., Scott, D., Platania?Phung, C. and Nankivell, J., 2012. Should we or shouldn't we? Mental health nurses' views on physical health care of mental health consumers.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,21(3), pp.202-210.
Levesque, JF., Harris, M.F. & Russell, G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations.Int J Equity Health12, 18 (2013).
Posselt, M., McDonald, K., Procter, N., de Crespigny, C. and Galletly, C., 2017. Improving the provision of services to young people from refugee backgrounds with comorbid mental health and substance use problems: addressing the barriers.BMC public health,17, pp.1-17.
Posselt, M.T., 2016.Brave in their new world: Service provision for refugee youth with comorbidity in northern metropolitan Adelaide(Doctoral dissertation).
Rosso, E. and McGrath, R., 2016. Promoting physical activity among children and youth in disadvantaged South Australian CALD communities through alternative community sport opportunities.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,27(2), pp.105-110.
Scholz, B., Bocking, J., Banfield, M., Platania?Phung, C. and Happell, B., 2018. Coming from a different place: Partnerships between consumers and health services for system change.Journal of clinical nursing,27(19-20), pp.3622-3629.
Thomson, S., Doan, T., Liu, D., Schubert, K.O., Toh, J., Boyd, M.A. and Galletly, C., 2020. <!--? covid19?--> Supporting the vulnerable: developing a strategic community mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Australasian Psychiatry,28(5), pp.492-499.
NURS 3045 - NURSING CONTEXT OF PRACTICE: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Feedback for Assessment 1: ePortfolio part 1 (40% of final grade; equivalent to 1,500 words) |
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Assessment 1 is designed to demonstrate your learning and achievement of the following course objectives: CO1 Explore the application of primary and public health policy, concepts and principles to nursing practice. CO2 Explore the role of the registered nurse in health promotion and provision of health education to individuals, groups, communities and populations. CO3 Develop a client-centred health promotion/health education strategy that addresses social, political, cultural and environmental determinants of health and the immediate problems facing an individual, group, community or population. CO5 Critically analyse the challenges of meeting health care needs of rural and remote populations. |
Student name: Courtney Ashworth Student number: 110343310 |
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Tutor: Susan cameron |
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Criteria |
HD Exemplary |
D Excellent |
C Sound |
P1 Adequate |
P2 Limited |
F1 Inadequate |
F2 Poor |
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geographical location LOCAL Australian community geographical location identified and stated 5% of assessment task |
As per D, plus LOCAL Australian community geographical location stated, whereby creating interest. |
Excellent, clear and concise identification and statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location |
Sound clear identification and statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location |
Brief but adequate, identification and statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location. |
Limited, barely sufficient identification and statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location. . |
Inadequate identification of the statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location. |
Poor / Irrelevant / no identification of the statement of LOCAL Australian community geographical location. Community located outside of Australia |
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Identifying & analysing the Health problem Identification of the local Australian communitys health problem, and analysis using population and/or community data on the prevalence, research and evidence about the health problem in the identified local community and compared with other locations. 15% of assessment task |
As per D, plus exemplary and well-developed identification and analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence that identified and defined the health problem and the prevalence in community and compared with other locations, whereby creating interest. |
Excellent, well-developed identification and analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence which identified and defined the health problem and the prevalence in community and compared with other locations. |
Sound, identification and analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence, and includes a sound identification of the health problem and the prevalence in community and compared with other locations. |
Adequate, identification and analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence, and includes an adequate identification of the health problem and the in community and compared with other locations |
Limited, barely sufficient analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence. Limited, barely sufficient identification of the health problem the prevalence in community and compared with other locations |
Inadequate analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence. Inadequate identification of the health problem the prevalence in community and compared with other locations |
Poor / Irrelevant / no analysis of the population and/or community health data, research and evidence, Poor / Irrelevant / no identification of the health problem the prevalence in community and compared with other locations |
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target population group Identifies and defines a target group most affected and impacted by the health problem; and summarises using health data how many of target group are affected by this health problem in the LOCAL Australian community 10% of assessment task |
Exemplary, which succinctly and clearly identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community. |
Excellent, which clearly: identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
Soundly: identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
A brief but adequately: identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
Limited, barely sufficient. identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and/or summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
Inadequately: identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and/or summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
Poor / Irrelevant / no summary that : identifies and defines a LOCAL Australian community target group most affected and/or impacted by health problem, and /or summarises using health data, outlines how many of the target population group are affected on by this health problem in the local Australian community |
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Criteria |
HD Exemplary |
D Excellent |
C Sound |
P1 Adequate |
P2 Limited |
F1 Inadequate |
F2 Poor |
causes of the causes Using population and/or community health data to identify and analyse: the individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem; and the determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence the target groups health problem and status. 20% of assessment task |
Exemplary, succinct and clear summary by using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence on the target groups health problem and status . |
Excellent, clear summary by using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence on the target groups health problem and status. |
Sound summary by using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence on the target groups health problem and status . |
Brief, but adequate summary by using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence on the target groups health problem and status. |
Limited, barely sufficient summary using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which clearly has the greatest influence on the target groups health problem and status. |
Inadequately summaries by using health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community which is unclear how it is influencing the target groups health problem and status . |
Poor / Irrelevant / no summary or use of health data to identify and analyse the: individuals or contributing factors causing the target groups health problem, determinants of health of the local Australian community No clear indication of contribution/ link to specific target groups health problem. |
access to health care Using Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care outline the target groups ability to reach out for support and access to health care considering 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals. 15% of assessment task |
Exemplary, clear and well-developed summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Exemplary consideration to 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Exemplary use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Excellent, clear summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Excellent consideration to 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Excellent use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Sound, clear summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Sound consideration to the5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Sound use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Adequate, clear summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Adequate consideration to the 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Adequate use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Limited, barely sufficient summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Limited consideration to the 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Limited use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Inadequate summary of target groups ability to reach out for support for access to health care. Inadequate consideration to the 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals Inadequate use of Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
Poor / irrelevant / absent/ no summary of target groups ability to reaches out for support to access to health care. Poor/ absent consideration to the 5 A's in healthcare delivery and five abilities for individuals. No use of the Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care. |
partnership opportunities Outline who the nurse can partner with to work on addressing this health problem by listing the following partnership opportunities with a minimum: TWO partners from WITHIN the health sector and system and TWO partners from OUTSIDE the health sector and system; and clearly state the purpose/rationale and partnership level of collaborating and/or partnering with EACH partner / stakeholder. 15% of assessment task |
Exemplary and well-developed summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: More than FOUR partnership opportunities from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed More than FOUR partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is clear and exemplarily stated. |
Excellent summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: FOUR partnership opportunities from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed FOUR partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is excellently stated. |
Sound summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: THREE partnership opportunities from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed THREE partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is soundly stated. |
Adequate summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: TWO partnership opportunities from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed TWO partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is adequality stated. |
Limited summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: TWO partnership opportunity from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed TWO partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is limitedly stated. |
Inadequate summary on who the RN could partner with to address this health problem with: ONE partnership opportunities from WITHIN the health sector and system are listed ONE partnership opportunities from OUTSIDE the health sector and system are listed and The purpose/rationale and partnership level for EACH partner is inadequately stated. |
Poor / irrelevant / no summary of RN partnership opportunities, and/or purpose/rationale and partnership level stated |
Criteria |
HD Exemplary |
D Excellent |
C Sound |
P1 Adequate |
P2 Limited |
F1 Inadequate |
F2 Poor |
Health problem STATEMENT
10% of assessment task |
Exemplary, clear and concise health problem statement which states: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence |
Excellent, clear and concise health problem statement which states: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence. |
Sound, clear and concise health problem statement which states: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence |
Adequate, clear and concise health problem statement which states: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence. . |
Limited, barely sufficient health problem statement with at least one limited or missing statement of: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence |
Inadequate health problem statement with inadequate or missing statements for two or more of: health problem, location, reported on, affected/target population group, prevalence, and problem occurrence |
Demonstrates a poor / irrelevant / absent health problem statement. |
Overall writing and presentation Assignment adheres to the guidelines as per the course outline. Uses academic writing, inclusive language, structure and sequence 5% of assessment task |
Adheres to all guidelines. Exemplary: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language word limit logical flow, and appropriately used dot points and tables. |
Adheres to all guidelines. Excellent: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language word limit logical flow, and appropriately used dot points and tables. |
Adheres to all guidelines: Sound: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language word limit logical flow, and appropriately used dot points and tables. |
Adheres to most guideline. Adequate: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language word limit logical flow, and appropriately used dot points and tables. |
Paper written at a limited level with some problems with: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language word limit logical flow, and some problems with the use of dot points and tables. |
Report inadequately written: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation written in first person use of non-inclusive language >10% variation below or above word limit sequenced logical flow, and overuse dot points and tables. |
Report written very poorly: sentence & paragraph structure grammar vocabulary spelling punctuation use of 3rd person use of inclusive language >20% variation well below / well above word limit Nil logical flow, and misuse of dot points and tables. |
Referencing & Academic Integrity Integration and used at least eight quality references Adherence to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th author-date system 5% of assessment task |
Extensive sources used 10 or more relevant references. Referencing correct In-text Reference list In-text references very well integrated Referencing adheres to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. |
Multiple sources used 10 or more relevant references. Referencing correct In-text Reference list In-text references well integrated Referencing adheres to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. |
Used 8 or more relevant references. Referencing correct In-text Reference list In-text references integrated Referencing adheres to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. |
Used at least 8 relevant references. Referencing mostly correct In-text Reference list Adequate in-text references integrated Referencing mainly adheres to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. |
Used at least 8 relevant references with some of poorer quality. Referencing few areas had minor errors within incorrect or incomplete In-text Reference list Limited integration of in-text references Referencing with minor errors in adherence to UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. No evidence of plagiarism |
Used less than 8 relevant references. Referencing major areas had consistent incorrect or incomplete In-text Reference list Inadequate integration of in-text references Referencing with consistent major errors either UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. Some evidence of plagiarism. Possible referral to AIO |
No relevant references. Nil Referencing In-text Reference list Referencing does not adhere to either UniSA Harvard or APA 7th referencing guidelines. Evidence of extensive plagiarism Refer to AIO OR Possible referral to AIO |
Summary Comments: Some sound discussion in the answers eg target group and health statement. There are large sections of the paper that need references to support the comments. More data specific to Playford was needed in the target group - individual question. Ensure you use correct intext referencing no initials are needed. You have shown an understanding of the topic. |
Mark / Grade: 60 Pass |
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