SP1 2022
<Report title>
<Date>
Prepared by
<Name>
Table of Contents
TOC z o "1-3" u hRequirements for a Paramedical Emergency Response System PAGEREF _Toc94720161 h 41.Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc94720162 h 42.Stakeholders PAGEREF _Toc94720163 h 43.Interview questions PAGEREF _Toc94720164 h 44.User stories PAGEREF _Toc94720165 h 45.Formal requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720166 h 45.1.Functional Requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720167 h 45.2.Non-functional Requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720168 h 55.3.Prioritisation method PAGEREF _Toc94720169 h 5References PAGEREF _Toc94720170 h 6Appendix 1 Glossary PAGEREF _Toc94720171 h 7
Requirements for a Paramedical Emergency Response System
Version Date Notes
Problem Statement[write a brief 45 sentences describing the problem the system is addressing]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
StakeholdersThe following stakeholders have been identified:
Category Degree Stakeholder
Project stakeholder [Stakeholder1]
[Stakeholder2]
System stakeholder First degree [Stakeholder3]
[Stakeholder4]
Second degree []
Third degree Interview questions
[insert your questions here]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
User stories[stakeholder1]As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
[stakeholder2]As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
[]
Formal requirements[This section describes the functional and non-functional requirements of the system.]
Functional Requirements[The functional requirements grouped by feature are:]
[Feature 1]
The system shall []
The system shall []
[Feature 2]
The system shall []
The system shall []
Non-functional RequirementsUsability
The system must []
The system must []
[]
Reliability
The system must []
Performance
The system must []
Design Constraints
The system must []
Prioritisation method[Explain how you prioritised these requirements. Include any materials used as an appendix.]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
References[put any references used hereconsider using EndNote to make your life easier]
This section is not included in the word count of your assignment. Provide details of all references used in your work here. References must use Harvard standard for referencing, see https://lo.unisa.edu.au/course/view.php?id=3839 for further details. <REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
Appendix 1 Glossary[Term 1] [Description]
[]
<Place your text here>.
Paramedical Emergency Response System additional Information
The two current interfaces (dispatch and ambulanceMDT) are pretty old. They were designed 25 years ago and have served well but there are lots of opportunities to improve them.
Ambulance MDT
The ambulances currently are fitted withfull colour displays, GPS location, data network access. But the software itself is legacy from previous system so is running as amonochrome text-based interfaceon the full colour display.Currently,the dispatcher sendsthe destination address to along with the particulars of the issue.
E.g.
12 Main Street
Mawson Lakes 5095
Call Back Number 0411000000
White house with Green Door. Go into front door turn left.
Caller: Ellen Ripley
Presumptive Status:Zulu
Symptoms
Chest pains, Drowsiness, Alien BurstingfromChest
Other Notes
Presumptive Status example (this one was from Qatar Ambulance service)
Dispatcher
You can assume the existing dispatch system is a basic system that takes the data entered by the 000 caller and puts it up on the dispatcher system. The existing dispatch system has a list of ambulances with statuses. The dispatcher looks at a filtered list of unallocated ambulances with their locations then selects the closest ambulance to the location and dispatches it to the scene of the accident. The dispatchers end up doing a lot of offline activities to make this work. For example,if there is a dispatch of anambulance,they call out in the office the suburb of the dispatch so that other dispatchers know there is an ambulance going to that area. Then ifanother person gets one in the samesuburb,they check with the first dispatcher verbally. On everydispatchersdesk there is alarge-scalemap of the Adelaide metropolitan area so that they can use it to figure out which ambulance to send.
Some issues that the dispatcherscomplain about.
Why do they need to know where the ambulances are? They system should at least plot them onto a map and then suggest the closestambulance.
What happens when multiple people ring 000 for the same accident. The dispatchers have to realize that its the same accident.
What happens if there is a high priority call and an ambulance is on its way to a priority 3 (transport) callbut is close to the high priority call. The system should be able to show them this in someway.
The system should show them where there are holes in coverage. E.g. ambulances are waiting clustered in one area and other areas have no ambulances waiting nearby.
They receive a notification from the 000 operator but there is no mechanism to get clarifications from the caller before they hang up. (sometimes the dispatcher calls the caller back to ask for additional information)
The adding of ambulances back into the available list is manual. Requiring the dispatcher to find an ambulance in the busy list and change its status manually.
AssignmentScenario
Figure1: This scenario was collected from a Paramedic based in SA Ambulances. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
The following scenario was collected from a Paramedic based in SA Ambulances. HD assignments will research beyond the following scenario description. Ensure if you do use additional sourcesto reference those sources of information correctly:
You have been tasked by SA Ambulance to develop the requirements for an ambulance emergency response system.SA Ambulance reports to SA Health.SA Health is responsible for general health strategy within the state.
The system will be composed of multiple terminals and computers across a wide area network.Some of these terminals will be placed within anAmbulance.The system will be responsible for handling calls coming into 000, for triagingcases, and for dispatchingAmbulanceCrewstocases. The system will alsoneed toprovidepolicies and procedure informationtoParamedicson a case.
Triage
When a person calls 000 with a medical emergency, a Call Taker atacentralised call centre receives the call. ACallTaker is responsibletriagingthe callsthis is the process of assigning the degrees of urgency to decide how to handle the case.A Call Taker is not medically trained. Call Takers must follow adecision tree(which areif-this-then-that guidelines)to triage patients.The Call Taker can also give first aid advice at various points in the call based on thedecision tree.The outcome of the decision tree will be a categorisation of the casebetweenCategory 1to Category 5. Category 1 cases are urgent (e.g. choking or cardiac arrest)these a known colloquially as lights and sirens cases. Category 1 cases must be addressed within 8 minutes. Category 2 casescover, e.g., old-person with chest pains; these cases must be addressed within 18 minutes. The rest of the categories reduce in severityand urgency.
Dispatch
Once the Call Taker has categorisedthe case, the case will be sent to a Dispatcher.The case should appear on the Dispatchers computer to be assigned to an Ambulance Crew. The Dispatcher is responsible for finding an available Ambulance Crew that can take the case.The Dispatcher must consider the urgency of the case (e.g. Category 1 versus Category 2) as well as the closeness of the Ambulance Crew. If no one is available, the Dispatcher must ask Ambulance Crews of who can be available.
Dispatchers are centralised to Headquarters spread around the state. There are dispatcher Headquarters thathandle central Adelaide, Northern, Southern, and Hills regions. Cases will be sent to the nearest Headquarters. On average, there will be 20 AmbulanceCrewswithin aHeadquartersarea.
Response
Two Paramedics form an Ambulance Crew. An Ambulance Crew is assigned an Ambulance for their shift.The Ambulance Crew will generally be on the road for their entire shift. Each ambulance will be equipped with a Mobile Data Terminal (MDT). The MDT will run the system you are developing. The MDT will receive an assignedcase from dispatch and tell the Ambulance Crew where the case is. It should give an indication of the type of case (e.g. Category2: chest pain).
One of the Paramedics in the Ambulance Crewwill acknowledge the case. They will also signal when they are on route to the case.Paramedics will assess the cases on site.
If the case is serious, the Ambulance Crew will transport the Patient to Hospital. They will turn on lights and sirens if the case is Category1.The Ambulance Crew must assess with their general knowledge which Hospital can take the case. The system will need to inform them of various issues at the hospital;whether a hospital is ramping (increasing , delayed, CT machine is getting repaired).The system will also need to show the paramedics the latest policies and procedures when required. For example, what are the policies and procedures around handling COVID-19.
All dates and times when key events happen must be permanently recorded for accountability and for Freedom of Information Act requests.
Paramedics work in shifts. There are four shifts a day (A, B, C, and D shift) to cover 24/7 support. Accordingly, there is no station manager. Instead, Team Leaders work in the shifts and are responsible for operations during that shift.Any system must consider the tiredness of the users in these critical cases.TeamLeaders need reports of Ambulance Crew usage during the shift.
SP1 2022
<Report title>
<Date>
Prepared by
<Name>
Table of Contents
TOC z o "1-3" u hRequirements for a Paramedical Emergency Response System PAGEREF _Toc94720161 h 41.Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc94720162 h 42.Stakeholders PAGEREF _Toc94720163 h 43.Interview questions PAGEREF _Toc94720164 h 44.User stories PAGEREF _Toc94720165 h 45.Formal requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720166 h 45.1.Functional Requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720167 h 45.2.Non-functional Requirements PAGEREF _Toc94720168 h 55.3.Prioritisation method PAGEREF _Toc94720169 h 5References PAGEREF _Toc94720170 h 6Appendix 1 Glossary PAGEREF _Toc94720171 h 7
Requirements for a Paramedical Emergency Response System
Version Date Notes
Problem Statement[write a brief 45 sentences describing the problem the system is addressing]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
StakeholdersThe following stakeholders have been identified:
Category Degree Stakeholder
Project stakeholder [Stakeholder1]
[Stakeholder2]
System stakeholder First degree [Stakeholder3]
[Stakeholder4]
Second degree []
Third degree Interview questions
[insert your questions here]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
User stories[stakeholder1]As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
[stakeholder2]As a [role], I want to [goal] so that [benefit]
[]
Formal requirements[This section describes the functional and non-functional requirements of the system.]
Functional Requirements[The functional requirements grouped by feature are:]
[Feature 1]
The system shall []
The system shall []
[Feature 2]
The system shall []
The system shall []
Non-functional RequirementsUsability
The system must []
The system must []
[]
Reliability
The system must []
Performance
The system must []
Design Constraints
The system must []
Prioritisation method[Explain how you prioritised these requirements. Include any materials used as an appendix.]
<REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
References[put any references used hereconsider using EndNote to make your life easier]
This section is not included in the word count of your assignment. Provide details of all references used in your work here. References must use Harvard standard for referencing, see https://lo.unisa.edu.au/course/view.php?id=3839 for further details. <REMEMBER TO DELETE THIS TEXT>
<Place your text here>.
Appendix 1 Glossary[Term 1] [Description]
[]
<Place your text here>.
Paramedical Emergency Response System additional Information
The two current interfaces (dispatch and ambulanceMDT) are pretty old. They were designed 25 years ago and have served well but there are lots of opportunities to improve them.
Ambulance MDT
The ambulances currently are fitted withfull colour displays, GPS location, data network access. But the software itself is legacy from previous system so is running as amonochrome text-based interfaceon the full colour display.Currently,the dispatcher sendsthe destination address to along with the particulars of the issue.
E.g.
12 Main Street
Mawson Lakes 5095
Call Back Number 0411000000
White house with Green Door. Go into front door turn left.
Caller: Ellen Ripley
Presumptive Status:Zulu
Symptoms
Chest pains, Drowsiness, Alien BurstingfromChest
Other Notes
Presumptive Status example (this one was from Qatar Ambulance service)
Dispatcher
You can assume the existing dispatch system is a basic system that takes the data entered by the 000 caller and puts it up on the dispatcher system. The existing dispatch system has a list of ambulances with statuses. The dispatcher looks at a filtered list of unallocated ambulances with their locations then selects the closest ambulance to the location and dispatches it to the scene of the accident. The dispatchers end up doing a lot of offline activities to make this work. For example,if there is a dispatch of anambulance,they call out in the office the suburb of the dispatch so that other dispatchers know there is an ambulance going to that area. Then ifanother person gets one in the samesuburb,they check with the first dispatcher verbally. On everydispatchersdesk there is alarge-scalemap of the Adelaide metropolitan area so that they can use it to figure out which ambulance to send.
Some issues that the dispatcherscomplain about.
Why do they need to know where the ambulances are? They system should at least plot them onto a map and then suggest the closestambulance.
What happens when multiple people ring 000 for the same accident. The dispatchers have to realize that its the same accident.
What happens if there is a high priority call and an ambulance is on its way to a priority 3 (transport) callbut is close to the high priority call. The system should be able to show them this in someway.
The system should show them where there are holes in coverage. E.g. ambulances are waiting clustered in one area and other areas have no ambulances waiting nearby.
They receive a notification from the 000 operator but there is no mechanism to get clarifications from the caller before they hang up. (sometimes the dispatcher calls the caller back to ask for additional information)
The adding of ambulances back into the available list is manual. Requiring the dispatcher to find an ambulance in the busy list and change its status manually.
AssignmentScenario
Figure1: This scenario was collected from a Paramedic based in SA Ambulances. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
The following scenario was collected from a Paramedic based in SA Ambulances. HD assignments will research beyond the following scenario description. Ensure if you do use additional sourcesto reference those sources of information correctly:
You have been tasked by SA Ambulance to develop the requirements for an ambulance emergency response system.SA Ambulance reports to SA Health.SA Health is responsible for general health strategy within the state.
The system will be composed of multiple terminals and computers across a wide area network.Some of these terminals will be placed within anAmbulance.The system will be responsible for handling calls coming into 000, for triagingcases, and for dispatchingAmbulanceCrewstocases. The system will alsoneed toprovidepolicies and procedure informationtoParamedicson a case.
Triage
When a person calls 000 with a medical emergency, a Call Taker atacentralised call centre receives the call. ACallTaker is responsibletriagingthe callsthis is the process of assigning the degrees of urgency to decide how to handle the case.A Call Taker is not medically trained. Call Takers must follow adecision tree(which areif-this-then-that guidelines)to triage patients.The Call Taker can also give first aid advice at various points in the call based on thedecision tree.The outcome of the decision tree will be a categorisation of the casebetweenCategory 1to Category 5. Category 1 cases are urgent (e.g. choking or cardiac arrest)these a known colloquially as lights and sirens cases. Category 1 cases must be addressed within 8 minutes. Category 2 casescover, e.g., old-person with chest pains; these cases must be addressed within 18 minutes. The rest of the categories reduce in severityand urgency.
Dispatch
Once the Call Taker has categorisedthe case, the case will be sent to a Dispatcher.The case should appear on the Dispatchers computer to be assigned to an Ambulance Crew. The Dispatcher is responsible for finding an available Ambulance Crew that can take the case.The Dispatcher must consider the urgency of the case (e.g. Category 1 versus Category 2) as well as the closeness of the Ambulance Crew. If no one is available, the Dispatcher must ask Ambulance Crews of who can be available.
Dispatchers are centralised to Headquarters spread around the state. There are dispatcher Headquarters thathandle central Adelaide, Northern, Southern, and Hills regions. Cases will be sent to the nearest Headquarters. On average, there will be 20 AmbulanceCrewswithin aHeadquartersarea.
Response
Two Paramedics form an Ambulance Crew. An Ambulance Crew is assigned an Ambulance for their shift.The Ambulance Crew will generally be on the road for their entire shift. Each ambulance will be equipped with a Mobile Data Terminal (MDT). The MDT will run the system you are developing. The MDT will receive an assignedcase from dispatch and tell the Ambulance Crew where the case is. It should give an indication of the type of case (e.g. Category2: chest pain).
One of the Paramedics in the Ambulance Crewwill acknowledge the case. They will also signal when they are on route to the case.Paramedics will assess the cases on site.
If the case is serious, the Ambulance Crew will transport the Patient to Hospital. They will turn on lights and sirens if the case is Category1.The Ambulance Crew must assess with their general knowledge which Hospital can take the case. The system will need to inform them of various issues at the hospital;whether a hospital is ramping (increasing , delayed, CT machine is getting repaired).The system will also need to show the paramedics the latest policies and procedures when required. For example, what are the policies and procedures around handling COVID-19.
All dates and times when key events happen must be permanently recorded for accountability and for Freedom of Information Act requests.
Paramedics work in shifts. There are four shifts a day (A, B, C, and D shift) to cover 24/7 support. Accordingly, there is no station manager. Instead, Team Leaders work in the shifts and are responsible for operations during that shift.Any system must consider the tiredness of the users in these critical cases.TeamLeaders need reports of Ambulance Crew usage during the shift.
